Branched-Chain Amino Acids as New Biomarkers of Major Depression - A Novel Neurobiology of Mood Disorder.

Background: The proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine and isoleucine might play an unrecognised crucial role in the development of depression through their activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) pathway. The aim of this research project is to evaluate whether BCAAs are altered in patients with major depression and might thus be appropriate biomarkers for major depression.

Methods: The concentrations of valine, leucine and isoleucine were determined in 71 in-patients with major depression and 48 healthy controls by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Nitric Oxide-Related Biological Pathways in Patients with Major Depression.

Background: Major depression is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality following myocardial infarction. However, biomarkers of depression and increased cardiovascular risk are still missing. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate, whether nitric-oxide (NO) related factors for endothelial dysfunction, such as global arginine bioavailability, arginase activity, L-arginine/ADMA ratio and the arginine metabolites asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) might be biomarkers for depression-induced cardiovascular risk.

Assessing the feasibility of a mobile health-supported clinical decision support system for nutritional triage in oncology outpatients using Arden Syntax.

Background: Nutritional screening procedures followed by regular nutrition monitoring for oncological outpatients are no standard practice in many European hospital wards and outpatient settings. As a result, early signs of malnutrition are missed and nutritional treatment is initiated when patients have already experienced severe weight loss.

Objective: We report on a novel clinical decision support system (CDSS) for the global assessment and nutritional triage of the nutritional condition of oncology outpatients.

Quinolinic Acid Responses during Interferon-α-Induced Depressive Symptomatology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection - A Novel Aspect for Depression and Inflammatory Hypothesis.

Background: The aim of this exploratory study is to gain for the first time a more comprehensive picture of the impact of changes of quinolinic acid concentrations on depressive symptomatology during and after IFN-α therapy.

Methods: The quinolinic acid concentrations of 35 HCV patients are examined in a prospective survey over the entire period of IFN-α treatment as well as three months later at six different times (baseline, one, three, six and nine months after the beginning of IFN-α treatment, and after the end of treatment).

Results: During IFN-α treatment Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores rise significantly.

Finger and Toe Temperature Responses to Cold After Freezing Cold Injury in Elite Alpinists.

Objective: To assess whether previous freezing cold injuries (FCI) would affect digit skin temperatures and rewarming rates during a follow-up cold stress test protocol.

Design: Nonrandomized control trial.

Methods: Twenty elite alpinists participated; alpinists with previous FCI requiring digit amputations (injured, INJ: n = 10 total, n = 8 male) were compared with ability-matched, uninjured alpinists (control, CON: n = 10, all male).

Cytospin preparations are superior to common smears in the detection of monosodium urate crystals in low-cellular synovial fluids.

In cases of gout with a low synovial fluid (SF) leukocyte count and atypical clinical presentation, such as in intercritical periods, the load of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals is frequently low, and thus, methods to improve the crystal detection may be beneficial. We compared the MSU crystal detection rates between cytospin slides and common smear preparations in low-cellular (<2,000/μl) SF samples of patients with gout. We determined the number of MSU crystals/15 high power fields (HPF) at × 1,000 magnification by polarised microscopy in cytospin preparations and smears in SF samples of 17 patients with MSU-crystal-proven gout and compared the two methods statistically.

The anti-VLA-4 antibody natalizumab induces erythroblastaemia in the majority of the treated patients with multiple sclerosis.

The presence of erythroblasts in the peripheral blood is generally associated with severe underlying disorders. The anti-very late antigen-4 (anti-VLA-4) antibody natalizumab, which is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis, mediates an increase in circulating haematopoietic stem cells and may also trigger erythroblastaemia. We investigated the prevalence of erythroblastaemia in sequential blood smears of 14 natalizumab-treated and 14 interferon-treated patients with multiple sclerosis.

Assessment of the response to acetylsalicylic acid in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms by whole blood assays: a comparison of the PFA-100 with multiple electrode aggregometry.

Since thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), establishing valid techniques for the monitoring of antiaggregatory treatment would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to assess the aspirin responsiveness in patients with MPN by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) and the PFA-100, to determine the concordance rate between the two techniques and to examine a potential clinical impact. Twenty-two consecutive outpatients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia receiving long-time treatment with 100 mg of aspirin were included and clinically re-evaluated within six months after study entry.

Artificial spermatocele persisting for 14 years.

In a patient with azoospermia secondary to bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens an artificial spermatocele was constructed from the tunica vaginalis testis. The sperm reservoir has been in place for 14 years with its size and the quality of the aspirated semen unchanged. A total of 70 aspirations performed during this period yielded mean volumes of 0.