THE EFFECT OF DIET ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE CANINE HEMATOPOIETIC FUNCTION TO DAMAGE BY AMIDOPYRINE.

1. By feeding dogs a black tongue diet and at the same time administering amidopyrine, acute stomatitis and anemia may be produced. 2.

ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA FROM INFECTED CHORIO-ALLANTOIC MEMBRANES OF DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYOS.

By a method of differential centrifugation and tryptic digestion suspensions of elementary bodies have been prepared from chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos infected with vaccine virus. The infective titer of the final suspension of elementary bodies was usually the same as that of the original tissue emulsion. Elementary bodies from infected chick membranes were agglutinated as well by antivaccinal serum obtained from different mammalian species as were bodies prepared from inoculated rabbit skin.

CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS : XI. THE SPECIFICITY OF AZOPROTEIN ANTIGENS CONTAINING GLUCURONIC AND GALACTURONIC ACIDS.

1. Azoprotein antigens containing glucuronic and galacturonic acids give rise in rabbits to specific antibodies. The immune sera show no serological crossing with antigens containing glucose or galactose.

THE EFFECT OF THE BACTERIOLYTIC ENZYME OF PNEUMOCOCCUS UPON THE ANTIGENICITY OF ENCAPSULATED PNEUMOCOCCI.

1. Mice immunized with heat-killed cells of virulent pneumococci (Type I) which have been treated with active preparations of the bacteriolytic enzyme, develop a certain degree of type specific resistance to subsequent infection. This active immunity, however, appears to be due to the small amount of free acetyl polysaccharide present in the suspension of digested bacteria, and is always of a less pronounced degree than that obtained with intact heat-killed cells.

MECHANISM OF THE LYSIS OF PNEUMOCOCCI BY FREEZING AND THAWING, BILE, AND OTHER AGENTS.

PNEUMOCOCCI, LIVING OR DEAD, ARE SOLUBLE IN BILE WHEN: (a) the autolytic enzymes are still present in a potentially active form; (b) conditions are favorable for enzymatic action. Bile solubility of pneumococci involves as a necessary step one, or a few, of the many stages of the autolytic complex. These observations hold true for the disruption of pneumococci by freezing and thawing, by previous desiccation with cold acetone, and by dilute solutions of antiseptics.

INFECTIOUS MYXOMATOSIS OF RABBITS : PREPARATION OF ELEMENTARY BODIES AND STUDIES OF SEROLOGICALLY ACTIVE MATERIALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE.

From the results of the experiments described in this paper it is obvious that large amounts of elementary bodies of myxoma can be obtained in a relatively pure state by means of the methods used. Furthermore, it is evident that infectious myxomatosis is a viral disease in which elementary bodies of the same order of magnitude as vaccinal elementary bodies play a conspicuous rô1e in that they either represent the etiological agent or are intimately associated with it. The bodies are specifically agglutinated by antimyxoma serum and are agglutinated to a less extent by serum from rabbits convalescing from fibroma, a disease closely related to myxoma.

THE AUTOLYTIC SYSTEM OF PNEUMOCOCCI.

1. Living pneumococcus cells contain a group of enzymes, the bacteriolytic system, capable of causing the lysis of heat-killed pneumococci (R and S variants irrespective of type derivation). This lysis expresses itself by a loss of the Gram staining reaction, a disintegration of the cell body, and a clearing of the bacterial suspension.

EFFECT OF INTENSE SONIC VIBRATIONS ON ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA.

Thoroughly washed elementary bodies of vaccinia were inactivated by sonic vibrations with a frequency of about 8900 cycles per second; the inactivation was not accompanied by a disruption of the bodies. Adventitious substances, notably protein, prevented or hindered the inactivation. There is some evidence that oxidation might have played a rôle in the inactivation.

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY : IV. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF IMMUNE PLASMA AGAINST THE DELETERIOUS INFLUENCE OF STREPTOCOCCAL EXTRACT ON HYPERSENSITIVE CELLS.

1. Plasmas from guinea pigs, chronically infected with group C hemolytic streptococci, neutralize the components of bacterial extract which exert a marked toxic action on hypersensitive cells in vitro. 2.

EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTI-KIDNEY SERUM : IV. PREVENTION OF THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF NEPHROTOXIN IN VIVO BY KIDNEY EXTRACT.

A saline extract of perfused rat kidney administered intravenously to rats immediately before injecting an anti-rat-kidney serum, by the same route, prevents renal damage. A preliminary injection of physiological salt solution or of an extract of perfused rat liver has no preventive effect. These findings are a further indication that the nephrotoxic effect induced by anti-kidney serum is dependent upon a relatively organ specific antibody, nephrotoxin.

EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTI-KIDNEY SERUM : III. PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASE.

Administration of the relatively organ specific antibody, so called nephrotoxin, present in anti-kidney serum, is followed by a diffuse glomerulonephritis. This is characterized early by swelling of the intercapillary substance of the glomerular tuft and by tubular degeneration. Fibrin thrombi are only present in the glomerular capillaries when the injection of anti-kidney serum results in a severe anaphylactoid reaction, and are due to factors other than nephrotoxin.

EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTI-KIDNEY SERUM : II. CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES.

The glomerulonephritis induced in rats by nephrotoxin was characterized clinically during its initial phase by severe albuminuria, cylindruria, and anasarca, but not by hematuria. Rapidly fatal nephritis was produced by injecting relatively large amounts of anti-kidney serum at frequent intervals. In such cases the blood urea mounted rapidly; the urea clearance fell; and death occurred within about 2 weeks.

IMMUNOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF VACCINE VIRUS : VI. ISOLATION OF A HEAT-STABLE, SEROLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCE FROM TISSUES INFECTED WITH VACCINE VIRUS.

A method has been described by which a stable, serologically active substance has been isolated in a relatively pure state from tissues infected with vaccine virus. It has the characteristics of an alcohol-soluble protein which is not precipitated by boiling in a neutral aqueous solution. In a dilution of 1:640,000 it gives a precipitate when mixed with a serum containing antibodies against Craigie's S antigen of vaccine virus, but no visible reaction occurs when it is mixed with serum depleted of S antibodies by means of absorption.

THE COAGULATION OF MYOSIN IN MUSCLE.

1. Muscle can be prepared in the form of a dry powder in which myosin exists in a state similar to that in intact muscle. As in intact muscle, myosin in powdered muscle is soluble and can be caused to rapidly coagulate.

COAGULATION OF MYOSIN BY DEHYDRATION.

When myosin is dehydrated it becomes insoluble. The number of detectable SH groups in myosin coagulated by dehydration is the same as in native soluble myosin. In this respect coagulation by dehydration differs from coagulation brought about in any of the other ways now known, but resembles the coagulation that occurs in muscle during rigor and in the egg after fertilization.

STUDIES ON THE SOMATIC C POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS : II. THE PRECIPITATION REACTION IN ANIMALS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED PNEUMOCOCCIC INFECTION.

The capacity of the serum of rabbits following intradermal pneumococcus infections to precipitate in the presence of pneumococcus C polysaccharide has been studied during the resultant periods of active infection and during recovery. In rabbits infected with Type I, III, or VIII pneumococci, large hemorrhagic lesions are produced which frequently bring about death of the animals after a febrile illness of 3 to 4 days. Repeated precipitation tests with the sera of these animals have been uniformly and consistently negative, not only during the acute illness but in the recovery period as well.

STUDIES ON THE SOMATIC C POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS : I. CUTANEOUS AND SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS IN PNEUMONIA.

A study of 46 cases of pneumococcus pneumonia has shown that a characteristic response may be elicited by the intracutaneous injection of 0.1 mg. of the somatic C polysaccharide of pneumococcus.

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY : III. THE PERSISTENCE IN VITRO OF THE INHERENT SENSITIVITY TO TUBERCULIN OF CELLS FROM TUBERCULOUS ANIMALS.

1. Mononuclear exudative cells, obtained from tuberculous guinea pigs by the intrapleural injection of parowax, exhibited characteristic sensitivity to the toxic action of tuberculin when tested in tissue culture. 2.

EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTI-KIDNEY SERUM : I. PREPARATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF NEPHROTOXIN.

Nephritis can be induced in rats by the injection of anti-kidney sera obtained from rabbits immunized with suspensions of perfused rat kidney. Anti-kidney sera, thus prepared, contain a number of antibodies capable, on injection into rats, of inducing a severe anaphylactoid reaction with general vascular manifestations that involve the kidney as well as other organs. These sera also contain a nephrotoxic agent that affects the kidney primarily.

LIPIDS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS : IV. THE LIPID PATTERNS OF SPECIFIC PRECIPITATES FROM TYPE I ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA.

1. Complete lipid patterns of specific precipitates from horse and rabbit Type I antipneumococcus sera, as well as of the sera themselves, have been determined by gasometric micro methods. 2.

THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SWINE TO THE VIRUS OF HUMAN INFLUENZA.

Swine inoculated intranasally with human influenza virus alone develop an ill defined, mild, and usually afebrile illness of short duration. At postmortem the anterior lobes of the lungs of such animals contain scant, scattered areas of lobular atelectasis. Transmission of the virus for 5 serial passages through two groups of swine failed noticeably to enhance its pathogenicity for this species.