ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS : II. EFFECTS ON THE KIDNEYS.

1. When rats developed cardiac hypertrophy or elevation of blood pressure as a result of one of several methods designed to bring about arterial hypertension, renal vascular disease occurred frequently. 2.

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS : I. METHODS.

Normal standards for the blood pressure of rats under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia have been ascertained. Arterial hypertension did not consistently follow the injection of estradiol and pitressin in adult rats, and only transient hypertension occurred after the injection of dihydroxyphenylalanine. The injection of adrenalin in oil, however, was followed by cardiac hypertrophy, and it also resulted from (a) partial constriction of one renal artery, (b) the production of unilateral hydronephrosis, (c) traumatic injury to one kidney, (d) inducing unilateral perinephritis with a cellophane membrane.

THE LS-ANTIGEN OF VACCINIA : II. ISOLATION OF A SINGLE SUBSTANCE CONTAINING BOTH L- AND S-ACTIVITY.

Virus-free filtrate, obtained from suspensions of vaccine virus-infected dermal pulp of rabbits and rich in the soluble substances of vaccinia, was shown to contain four distinct components in electrophoresis experiments. Electrophoretic and serological observations served as a guide in developing a method for separating these components from one another. This method depended upon changes in the solubilities of the components with alterations of pH.

THE LS-ANTIGEN OF VACCINIA : I. INHIBITION OF L- AND S-ANTIBODIES BY SUBSTANCES IN TREATED VACCINE DERMAL FILTRATE.

Experimental data are presented which may be interpreted as follows. The heat-labile (L) and heat-stable (S) antigens of vaccinia occur in nature as a complex consisting of a single substance with two serologically active parts, each of which may be degraded independently of the other.

THE EFFECT OF SULFAPYRIDINE UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS IN RABBITS.

1. Sulfapyridine, administered to rabbits during the period of developing immunity after a single intravenous injection of heat-killed Pneumococcus Type I, exerted no influence upon the immune response. 2.

CAPACITY OF PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE MICROORGANISMS TO GROW ON CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANES.

1. Among eight strains or variants, included in four different immunological types of pleuropneumonia-like microorganisms, all grew on chorioallantoic membranes; those belonging to Klieneberger's Type L(5) (Sabin Type A) grew very poorly; and those included in three other types grew with varying degrees of vigor. 2.

EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTIKIDNEY SERUM : V. CHRONIC NEPHRITIS OF INSIDIOUS DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING APPARENT RECOVERY FROM ACUTE NEPHROTOXIC NEPHRITIS.

1. Three different inbred lines of rats were found to vary in their response to antikidney serum: rats of the Whelan strain were most susceptible to nephrotoxin and most prone to develop chronic glomerulonephritis immediately following the acute injury induced by this agent; animals of the Evans strain were almost as vulnerable to the acute effects of nephrotoxin; Wistar rats were the least affected. 2.

CONSTITUENTS OF ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA : V. A FLAVIN ASSOCIATED WITH THE PURIFIED VIRUS.

Suspensions of purified elementary bodies of vaccinia exhibit fluorescence in the presence of ultraviolet light. This fluorescent constituent can be separated by chromatographic methods provided the virus is first denatured by acid and heat. By means of the specific protein of d-amino acid oxidase it has been possible to identify the flavin constituent as flavin-adenine-dinucleotide and show that it can participate in the oxidative deamination of d-alanine.

SULFHYDRYL GROUPS IN FILMS OF EGG ALBUMIN.

1. The same number of SH groups reduces ferricyanide in surface films of egg albumin as in albumin denatured by urea, guanidine hydrochloride, Duponol, or heat, provided the ferricyanide reacts with films while they still are at the surface and with the denatured proteins while the denaturing agent (urea, heat, etc.) is present.

SULFHYDRYL GROUPS OF EGG ALBUMIN IN DIFFERENT DENATURING AGENTS.

1. The reaction between ferricyanide and egg albumin in solutions of urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and Duponol has been investigated. 2.

CONSTITUENTS OF ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA : IV. DEMONSTRATION OF COPPER IN THE PURIFIED VIRUS.

A search by means of spectroscopic and enzymatic techniques has failed to demonstrate either cytochrome or cytochrome oxidase in purified elementary bodies of vaccinia. A constituent of the virus which catalyzes the oxidation of cystein has been found and identified as copper in a concentration amounting to 0.05 per cent of the dry weight of the virus.

THE PRODUCTION OF BACTERICIDAL SUBSTANCES BY AEROBIC SPORULATING BACILLI.

Several species of aerobic sporulating bacilli recently isolated from soil, sewage, manure, and cheese, as well as authentic strains obtained from type culture collections, have been found to exhibit antagonistic activity against unrelated microorganisms. Cultures of these aerobic sporulating bacilli yield an alcohol-soluble, water-insoluble fraction,-tyrothricin,-which is bactericidal for most Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial species. Two different crystalline products have been separated from tyrothricin.

THE EFFECT OF TYROSINASE ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION.

1. The intravenous injection of tyrosinase, a phenolic oxidase obtained from mushrooms, consistently lowers the blood pressure of rats made hypertensive by three different methods, while on the average not affecting the blood pressure of normal animals. 2.

THE EFFECT OF A POLYSACCHARIDE-SPLITTING ENZYME ON STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION.

1. Confirming the observations of other experimenters, it has been found that group A hemolytic streptococci produce a capsule containing a polysaccharide which is similar to, if not identical with, certain high molecular weight sugars found in the mammalian body. 2.

THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD : III. IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND ITS DIFFERENTIATION FROM NORMAL BLOOD PROTEINS.

The C-reactive protein present in the albumin fraction of the serum of patients during certain acute bacterial infections is highly antigenic upon injection into rabbits. The antiserum thus prepared reacts specifically with this protein and does not react with the proteins of normal human serum. Immunological specificity has been demonstrated by both precipitin and complement-fixation tests.

THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD : II. ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE REACTIVE PROTEIN.

Methods are described for isolating a protein commonly present in the blood of patients during the acute phase of various infections which, unlike the normal serum proteins, is precipitable by the C polysaccharide of Pneumococcus. The reactive protein is present in the fraction of serum albumin precipitated by either ammonium or sodium sulfate between 50 and 75 per cent saturation. From this fraction the reactive protein separates out on dialysis against tap water.

THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD : I. DISTRIBUTION OF THE REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PATIENTS' SERA AND THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON THE FLOCCULATION REACTION WITH C POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS.

The serum obtained from human beings and monkeys during the acute phase of diverse infections contains a protein which is precipitable by the C polysaccharide of pneumococcus. The distribution of this protein in acute phase serum has been studied, and the effect of calcium on the precipitation reaction with the C polysaccharide is described. Other distinctive features of this reaction are discussed.