RENAL EFFECTS OF HEMOGLOBIN INFUSIONS IN DOGS IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.

The immediate effects of treating hemorrhagic shock in dogs by replacing lost blood with 7 per cent hemoglobin solution were favorable, both on renal function and on general condition. However, subsequent transitory depression of the urea clearance for several days, shown by some of the treated animals, but not by untreated bled controls, indicates sufficient possibility of renal damage by the hemoglobin solution to prevent its recommendation at present as a blood substitute.

STUDIES ON A LUNG TISSUE COMPONENT WHICH COMBINES WITH PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM).

Evidence has been obtained which indicates that the lung tissues of mammalian species susceptible to infection with PVM contain a specific component which combines with the virus. The concentration of this tissue component appears to be directly proportional to the suceptibility of the species; in its absence infection with PVM cannot be established. The available evidence suggests that the presence of the virus-combining component in lung tissue may play a decisive ro1e in the initiation of infection with this pneumotropic virus.

THE EFFECT OF SULFHYDRYL GROUPS ON PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM).

Evidence is presented which indicates that PVM is affected adversely in concentrated lung tissue suspensions or in the presence of glutathione. Because iodoacetamide inhibits or eliminates these effects in a similar manner, it is concluded that sulfhydryl groups are essential to their development.

PLASMA ESTERASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE AND THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.

By a study of plasma esterase in various hypoproteinemic states information was gained concerning the synthesis of a protein by the liver, which may be applicable to the problem of albumin synthesis. Patients with infectious hepatitis and cirrhosis showed defective formation of plasma esterase that paralleled the defect in albumin formation. The defect could only be altered in patients with cirrhosis by very prolonged therapy indicating that liver function itself had to improve before the proteins could be formed in a normal manner.

THE MODIFYING EFFECTS OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES OF BACTERIAL ORIGIN ON THE COURSE OF INFECTION WITH PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM).

Evidence is presented which indicates that certain polysaccharide preparations derived from various bacterial species, as well as similar materials not of bacterial origin, are capable of lessening the severity of infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) and inhibiting multiplication of the virus in mouse lungs infected with this agent. It seems probable that modification with respect to the virus is mediated by a substance which may be polysaccharide in nature.

A STUDY OF THE INHIBITION OF STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEINASE BY SERA OF NORMAL AND IMMUNE ANIMALS AND OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI.

Antiproteinase sera were prepared by immunizing horses with filtrates from a selected strain of group A streptococcus. This strain, which produced high titred proteinase but no erythrogenic toxin, was selected from forty-two strains of group A streptococci which produced varying amounts of proteinase. A few strains belonging to groups B, C, and G were also tested; they were all proteinase-negative.

THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD : IV. CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN.

A procedure is described for the isolation and crystallization from human serous fluids of the C-reactive protein, a substance which appears in the blood especially in the early phase of certain acute infectious diseases. Immunological studies confirm earlier work in showing that the protein is highly antigenic and serologically specific, and demonstrate that crystallization of the protein effectively separates it from normal serum proteins.

AN INACTIVE PRECURSOR OF STREPTOCOCCAL PROTEINASE.

1. Streptococcal proteinase is derived from an inactive precursor found in culture filtrates of proteinase-producing streptococci. 2.

PROPERTIES OF PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM) IN RELATION TO ITS STATE.

Additional evidence is presented that PVM is capable of combining firmly with lung tissue particles or erythrocytes from certain susceptible species. Release of the virus from such combination can be effected by treatment with alkali as well as by heating. Free virus expressed from infected lungs without grinding the tissues is infectious and causes hemagglutination when tested directly.

CENTRIFUGATION STUDIES ON PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM) : THE RELATIVE SIZES OF FREE AND COMBINED VIRUS.

A technique has been devised for obtaining free or uncombined pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). Free PVM, liberated from infected mouse lungs by means of this technique, is infectious and causes hemagglutination directly. The results of quantitative studies carried out in the high speed angle centrifuge indicate that the free virus is relatively small, with dimensions of the order of 40 millimicrons.

THE PROPERTIES OF T ANTIGENS EXTRACTED FROM GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI.

1. T antigens of group A hemolytic streptococci have been obtained in soluble form by digestion of the bacterial cells with pepsin or trypsin. Large quantities of this antigen were readily extracted from type 1 strains, whereas only small amounts could be obtained from strains of other types.

EXPERIMENTAL VIBRIO INFECTIONS OF DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYOS.

Developing chick embryos are highly susceptible to infection with strains on V. cholerae representing Gardner and Venkatraman's 6 groups and the types Inaba and Ogawa. There is a moderate decrease in susceptibility with advancing age of the embryo.

TYPE-SPECIFIC PROTECTION AND IMMUNITY FOLLOWING INTRANASAL INOCULATION OF MONKEYS WITH GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI.

1. Nasopharyngeal carrier states of several weeks to several months duration were induced in the Macaca mulatta by the intranasal inoculation with matt strains of group A streptococci. 2.

STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCE INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : III. AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION OF THE TRANSFORMING SUBSTANCE AND ITS APPLICATION TO PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPES II, III, AND VI.

1. An improved method is outlined for the isolation and purification of the pneumococcal transforming substance. This method makes use of the fact that citrate inhibits the destructive action of the enzyme, desoxyribonuclease, which is released together with the active material during lysis of the living bacterial cells.

STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCE INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES : II. EFFECT OF DESOXYRIBONUCLEASE ON THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE TRANSFORMING SUBSTANCE.

It has been shown that extremely minute amounts of purified preparations of desoxyribonuclease are capable of bringing about the complete and irreversible inactivation of the transforming substance of Pneumococcus Type III. The significance of the effect of the enzyme, and its bearing on the chemical nature of the transforming substance, together with certain considerations concerning the biological specificity of desoxyribonucleic acids in general, are discussed.