New Antimicrobials for Gram-Positive Sustained Infections: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians.

Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem with increasingly alarming data being reported. Gram-positive bacteria are among the protagonists of severe nosocomial and community infections. The objective of this review is to conduct an extensive examination of emerging treatments for Gram-positive infections including ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, oritavancin, omadacycline, tedizolid, and delafloxacin.

Cardiac and Cerebral Arterial Complications of Lemierre Syndrome: Results from a Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis.

Background:  Lemierre syndrome is a potentially life-threatening disease, which affects otherwise healthy young adults and adolescents. It is characterized by acute neck vein thrombosis and septic embolism, usually complicating a bacterial infection. Data on the syndrome are sparse, particularly concerning arterial complications.

Association between Ideal Cardiovascular Health and aortic stiffness in Italian adolescents. The MACISTE study.

Background And Aims: Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH), defined as optimal levels of cardiovascular (CV) health factors and behaviors, has been reported to be very low in adults and children, with consequent several negative health outcomes and higher CV risk. The present study investigated the burden of ICH among Italian adolescents and its association with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV).

Methods And Results: 387 healthy adolescents (mean age 17.

Ophthalmic complications of Lemierre syndrome.

Purpose: Lemierre syndrome is a life-threatening condition characterized by head/neck bacterial infection, local suppurative thrombophlebitis and septic embolic complications in a range of sites of distant organs. No prior study focused on the course and characteristics of ophthalmic complications of Lemierre syndrome.

Methods: We analysed data of 27 patients with ophthalmic complications from a large cohort of 712 cases with Lemierre syndrome reported globally between 2000 and 2017.

Relationship between serum myostatin levels and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in healthy young male adolescents: the MACISTE study.

Serum myostatin (sMSTN) is a proteic compound that regulates skeletal muscle growth, adipogenesis, and production of extracellular matrix. Its relationship with functional and structural properties of the arterial wall is still understudied. We aimed at evaluating the association between sMSTN and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), a measure of aortic stiffness, in a cohort of healthy male adolescents.

Assessment of nocturnal hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at the forearm in people with morbid obesity.

Blood pressure (BP) measurement at the forearm (FA) has been proposed as alternative site to upper arm (UA) in people with morbid obesity (MO). We compared nocturnal BP readings simultaneously taken at FA and UA by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Fourteen individuals with MO and seven normal-weight controls underwent nocturnal ABPM with two devices placed at the UA and contralateral FA, respectively.

Age-Specific Acute Changes in Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity With Head-up Tilt.

Background: Aortic stiffness as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is known to depend on blood pressure (BP), and this dependency may change with age. Therefore, the hydrostatic BP gradient resulting from a change in body posture may elicit a cfPWV change that is age-dependent. We aimed to analyze the relationship between BP gradient-induced by head-up body tilting-and related changes in cfPWV in individuals of varying age.

Patients with Lemierre syndrome have a high risk of new thromboembolic complications, clinical sequelae and death: an analysis of 712 cases.

Background: Lemierre syndrome is characterized by head/neck vein thrombosis and septic embolism usually complicating an acute oropharyngeal bacterial infection in adolescents and young adults. We described the course of Lemierre syndrome in the contemporary era.

Methods: In our individual-level analysis of 712 patients (2000-2017), we included cases described as Lemierre syndrome if these criteria were met: (i) primary site of bacterial infection in the head/neck; (ii) objectively confirmed local thrombotic complications or septic embolism.

CNS Response to Osimertinib Versus Standard Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose We report CNS efficacy of osimertinib versus standard epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer from the phase III FLAURA study. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 556) were randomly assigned to osimertinib or standard EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib or erlotinib); brain scans were not mandated unless clinically indicated. Patients with asymptomatic or stable CNS metastases were included.

EAGLES study: First-line Bevacizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Advanced, Metastatic, Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: The management of elderly patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC includes several strategies.

Patients And Methods: Patients (≥70 years) were randomly assigned to bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg i.

Histologic and metabolic assessment in a cohort of patients with genital prolapse: preoperative stage and recurrence investigations.

Background: Biological basis of prolapse development and recurrence are still unclear. Aim of this observational and prospective study is to correlate clinical stage of anterior vaginal wall prolapse and anatomical recurrence to histological and metabolic characteristics of vaginal tissue.

Methods: Patients undergoing surgery were divided into two groups according to anterior stage ≤II (group A) and ≥III (group B).

Modified McCall culdoplasty versus Shull suspension in pelvic prolapse primary repair: a retrospective study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Uterosacral ligament suspension at the time of primary prolapse repair represents a well-established surgical option. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness, complications rate, and functional results of modified McCall culdoplasty and Shull suspension.

Methods: Patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy and cuff suspension for pelvic organ prolapse were retrospectively analyzed.

Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) protein: Diagnostic utility in pediatric tumors.

Despite Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) protein was originally considered as a specific immunomarker of Wilms tumor, with the increasing use of immunohistochemistry, there is evidence that other tumors may share WT1 protein expression. This review focuses on the immunohistochemical profile of WT1 protein in the most common malignant tumors of children and adolescents. The variable expression and distribution patterns (nuclear vs cytoplasmic) in the different tumors, dependent on the antibodies used (anti-C or N-terminus WT1 protein), will be emphasized by providing explicative illustrations.

Management of hepatic rupture diagnosed after an emergency cesarean section.

A careful management of hepatic capsular rupture, with massive hemoperitoneum which occurred 14 hours after an emergency cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation, is meticulously reported. The grade of hepatic involvement varies from minor capsular laceration to extensive parenchymal rupture. Our management involved a combination of surgical interventions and aggressive supportive care.

Intermittent low-dose finasteride administration is effective for treatment of hirsutism in adolescent girls: a pilot study.

Study Objective: Hirsutism has negative impact on adolescent psychosocial development for both cosmetic and endocrine reasons. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new intermittent, low-dose finasteride regimen consisting of 2.5 mg of drug given every 3 days (1 day of treatment, 2 days of drug withdrawal) for 6 months in girls with hirsutism by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or idiopathic hirsutism (IH).

Uterine rupture in a nulliparous woman with septate uterus of the second trimester pregnancy and review in literature.

Introduction: Uterine rupture (UR) in early pregnancy in nulliparous women is a rare and unpredictable occurrence with high maternal morbidity and fatal fetal outcomes. Intrauterine anomalies could be the primum movens of this dangerous condition and underestimated in the literature.

Presentation Of Case: An uncommon case of uterine rupture at the 23rd week of gestation in a nulliparous woman, who became pregnant before the resection of an uterine septum.

Visceral leishmaniasis in children: a review.

Leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide and 13 million people are estimated to be infected, with about 1.8 million new cases each year. Approximately 50% of these patients are children.

Treatment strategies for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

Mucocutaneous is an infection caused by a single celled parasite transmitted by sand fly bites. There are about 20 species of Leishmania that may cause mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Some Leishmania species are closely linked to humans and are therefore found in cities (L.

PEG-interferon in acute and chronic hepatitis C: a review.

In patients affected by chronic hepatitis, prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection complications can be achieved by antiviral therapy based on the use of a combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alfa-2b and ribavirin, which yields a sustained eradication of infection in 40% to 50% of cases. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of PEG-IFN alpha in the treatment of acute and chronic HCV-related hepatitis. In patients affected by acute hepatitis C, the treatment is represented by PEG-IFN alpha-2b monotherapy, and combination therapy with ribavirin produces a similar response to that with interferon monotherapy.

Current treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis: a review.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is a skin infection caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by sand fly bites. There are about 20 species of Leishmania that may cause cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Treatment for chronic hepatitis C in children: a review.

The aim of this review was to evidence the actual treatment used for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in children. A review of the use of interferon (IFN) as monotherapy in children demonstrates a sustained virological response (SVR) of 33%-45%. This is significantly better than the SVR rate for IFN monotherapy observed for adults.

Diagnosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in a child presenting with bilateral acute scrotum.

Schonlein-Henoch syndrome (HSP) is one of the manifestations of acute systemic vasculitis related to circulating immune complexes including IgA. It usually involves the kidney, gastrointestinal tract, joints and skin. Except for rare cases that progress to renal failure, it is a disease which heals without complications.