Adult epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a common medical condition that affects people of all ages, races, social classes, and geographical regions. Diagnosis of epilepsy remains clinical, and ancillary investigations (electroencephalography, imaging, etc) are of aid to determine the type, cause, and prognosis. Antiseizure medications represent the mainstay of epilepsy treatment: they aim to suppress seizures without adverse events, but they do not affect the underlying predisposition to generate seizures.

Impact of gender inequality on the educational and career development of young epileptologists in Italy: A survey of the Young Epilepsy Section - Italian chapter.

Objective: The Young Epilepsy Section-Italian chapter (YES-I) is the Italian section of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)-YES. It was founded in 2019 with the aim of increasing the involvement of young epileptologists within scientific associations and facilitating their educational training. The Education and Career Task Force designed a survey on the impact of gender inequality on the educational and professional growth of young epileptologists.

Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A multicenter retrospective observational comparative study.

Background: Several studies report the useful therapeutic results of regional hyperthermia in association with chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a new hyperthermia technique that induces immunogenic death or apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in laboratory experiments and increases tumor response rate and survival in pancreatic cancer patients, offering beneficial therapeutic effects against this severe type of cancer.

Aim: To assess survival, tumor response and toxicity of mEHT alone or combined with CHT compared with CHT for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Continuous vs Intermittent Meropenem Administration in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: The MERCY Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Meropenem is a widely prescribed β-lactam antibiotic. Meropenem exhibits maximum pharmacodynamic efficacy when given by continuous infusion to deliver constant drug levels above the minimal inhibitory concentration. Compared with intermittent administration, continuous administration of meropenem may improve clinical outcomes.

Critically buried avalanche victims can develop severe hypothermia in less than 60 min.

Background: A major challenge in the management of avalanche victims in cardiac arrest is differentiating hypothermic from non-hypothermic cardiac arrest, as management and prognosis differ. Duration of burial with a cutoff of 60 min is currently recommended by the resuscitation guidelines as a parameter to aid in this differentiation However, the fastest cooling rate under the snow reported so far is 9.4 °C per hour, suggesting that it would take 45 min to cool below 30 °C, which is the temperature threshold below which a hypothermic cardiac arrest can occur.

A global survey on the attitudes of neurologists and psychiatrists about functional/psychogenic/dissociative/nonepileptic-seizures/attacks, in the search of its name.

Purpose: We conducted an observational study to investigate the opinions of neurologists and psychiatrists all around the world who are taking care of patients with seizures [epilepsy and functional seizures (FS)].

Methods: Practicing neurologists and psychiatrists from around the world were invited to participate in an online survey. On 29th September 2022, an e-mail including a questionnaire was sent to the members of the International Research in Epilepsy (IR-Epil) Consortium.

Prognostic Role of Serum Albumin in Predicting 30-Day Mortality in Patients with Infections in Emergency Department: A Prospective Study.

Background: Infections in emergency departments (EDs) are insidious clinical conditions characterised by high rates of hospitalisation and mortality in the short-to-medium term. The serum albumin, recently demonstrated as a prognostic biomarker in septic patients in intensive care units, could be an early marker of severity upon arrival of infected patients in the ED.

Aim: To confirm the possible prognostic role of the albumin concentration recorded upon arrival of patients with infection.

Progesterone and its derivatives for the treatment of catamenial epilepsy: A systematic review.

Objective: Catamenial epilepsy (CE) is defined as an increase in seizure frequency during specific phases of the menstrual cycle in women with epilepsy. The treatment usually includes a combination of non-hormonal and hormonal therapies. This systematic review summarizes the available data on the efficacy of progesterone and its derivates to treat CE.

Association of Mortality and Risk of Epilepsy With Type of Acute Symptomatic Seizure After Ischemic Stroke and an Updated Prognostic Model.

Importance: Acute symptomatic seizures occurring within 7 days after ischemic stroke may be associated with an increased mortality and risk of epilepsy. It is unknown whether the type of acute symptomatic seizure influences this risk.

Objective: To compare mortality and risk of epilepsy following different types of acute symptomatic seizures.

The EEG pen-on-paper sound: History and recent advances.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most useful technologies for brain research and clinical neurology, characterized by non-invasiveness and high time resolution. The acquired traces are visibly displayed, but various studies investigate the translation of brain waves in sound (i.e.

Electrocardiogram interpretation during nurse triage improves the performance of the triage system in patients with cardiovascular symptoms - A prospective observational study.

Background: An immediate ECG on arrival of a patient with cardiovascular symptoms in the ED may anticipate the need for life-saving intervention. The aim was to evaluate whether ECG interpretation during nurse triage can improve triage system performance in patients with cardiovascular symptoms.

Methods: All patients who required an assessment for cardiovascular symptoms were considered for this observational study.

The Story of the plague in the Maritime Republic of Genoa (Italy) (1656-1657): An innovative public health system and an efficacious method of territorial health organization.

Introduction: With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the terms quarantine, contagion and infection have again become part of our everyday speech, prompting historians to reflect on the settings in which they were originally used and to make comparisons with the present time. How did people cope with epidemics in the past? What measures were taken?

Objectives: Here, we analyse the institutional response of the Republic of Genoa to a calamity that shook the city - the plague of 1656-1657. In doing so, we focus particularly on the public health measures implemented, as recorded also in unpublished and archival documents.

Surgical masks and filtering facepiece class 2 respirators (FFP2) have no major physiological effects at rest and during moderate exercise at 3000-m altitude: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks has been recommended or enforced in several situations; however, their effects on physiological parameters and cognitive performance at high altitude are unknown.

Methods: Eight healthy participants (four females) rested and exercised (cycling, 1 W/kg) while wearing no mask, a surgical mask or a filtering facepiece class 2 respirator (FFP2), both in normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 3000 m. Arterialised oxygen saturation (SaO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2), heart and respiratory rate, pulse oximetry (SpO2), cerebral oxygenation, visual analogue scales for dyspnoea and mask's discomfort were systematically investigated.

Minimal is not minor also in patients with mild traumatic brain injury on oral direct anticoagulant therapy.

Currently, all patients, regardless of the type of head injury, should undergo a head computerized tomography (CT) if on oral anticoagulant therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the different incidences of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) between patients with minor head injury (mHI) and patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and whether there were differences in the risk of death at 30 days as a result of trauma or neurosurgery. A retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted from January 1, 2016, to February 1, 2020.

Can triage nurses accurately interpret the electrocardiogram in the emergency department to predict acute cardiovascular events? A prospective observational study.

Aims: The prompt recording of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and its correct interpretation is crucial to the management of patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with cardiovascular symptoms. Since triage nurses represent the first healthcare professionals evaluating the patient, improving their ability in interpreting the ECG could have a positive impact on clinical management. This real-world study investigates whether triage nurses can accurately interpret the ECG in patients presenting with cardiovascular symptoms.

Increased choroidal thickness in a patient with acquired hyperopia and choroidal folds syndrome.

Purpose: syndrome of acquired hyperopia with choroidal folds is a rare syndrome characterized by flattening of the posterior pole with subsequent hyperopization of the eye and a creation of a space between the optic nerve and its sheath. Though uncommon and more often benign, it represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Correct diagnosis is helpful to exclude other possible causes of choroidal folds.

The triage Nurse's ability in electrocardiogram interpretation in real clinical practice.

Aims And Objective: The study aimed to assess the triage nurse's skill in the recognition of abnormal electrocardiogram during actual clinical practice and to identify nurse- and patient-related factors associated with errors in electrocardiogram interpretation.

Background: The nurse's ability to interpret the electrocardiogram has only been evaluated in simulation settings and has reported conflicting results.

Design: A prospective single-centre observational study.