Discordant Information on Blinding in Trial Registries and Published Research: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Blinding of individuals involved in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) can be used to protect against performance and biases, but discrepancies in the reporting of methodological features between registered protocols and subsequent trial publications may lead to inconsistencies, thereby reintroducing bias.

Objective: To investigate inconsistency in blinding as reported in trial registries and publications.

Data Sources: An exploratory dataset and a validation dataset were created.

A diffusion tensor imaging-based multidimensional study of brain structural changes after long-term high-altitude exposure and their relationships with cognitive function.

Background: Brain structure changes after long-term adaptation to the high-altitude environment; however, related studies are few, results are in consistent, and long-term effects on cognitive function and pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to investigate the damage to white matter fiber tracts and correlations between brain structural abnormalities and cognitive function.

Methods: Forty healthy Han people living on the high-altitude and 40 healthy Han people living on the plains were enrolled in this study and underwent magnetic resonance imaging, emotional state assessment, and cognitive function tests.

Cognitive Impairment Mechanisms in High-Altitude Exposure: Proteomic and Metabolomic Insights.

High-altitude exposure can adversely affect neurocognitive functions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Why and how does high-altitude exposure impair neurocognitive functions, particularly sleep? This study seeks to identify the molecular markers and mechanisms involved, with the goal of forming prevention and mitigation strategies for altitude sickness. Using serum proteomics and metabolomics, we analyzed blood samples from 23 Han Chinese plain dwellers before and after six months of high-altitude work in Tibet.

Axis screw parallel to the sagittal plane versus traditional pedicle screw in the treatment of atlantoaxial fixation: a finite element study.

Background: This study aims to conduct a finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the bio-mechanical properties of C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw (PPS) in fixation for atlantoaxial instability, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its clinical application.

Methods: A total of 5 intact C1-2 finite element models were established. Based on this, instability models were developed and two different fixation methods were applied for each model: C1 lateral mass screw (LMS) combined with C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw (C1LMS + C2PPS), and C1 lateral mass screw combined with C2 traditional pedicle screw (C1LMS + C2PS).

An internet-based platform with a low-calorie dietary intervention improves cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese people in China: Half-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To explore the effectiveness of the Metawell programme on cardiometabolic risk factors in China, which combines meal replacement biscuits, a wireless scale, and a mobile phone application.

Methods: In this two-arm, parallel-design randomized study, 220 participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 110) and a control (n = 110) group. Participants in the intervention group were instructed to use meal replacement products and scales for weight loss and monitoring, whereas participants in the control group received printed materials containing a sample diet and face-to-face weight loss education at enrolment.

A disproportionality analysis of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Objective: The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was used to mine and evaluate adverse events (AEs) associated with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, thereby providing a reference for clinical rational drug use.

Methods: AE data related to CDK4/6 inhibitors from the first quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2023 were acquired from FAERS, while the signal mining was processed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) method.

Results: The number of AE reports for CDK4/6 inhibitors was, respectively, 132,494 for palbociclib, 56,151 for ribociclib, and 7,014 for abemaciclib.

Arthroscopic Capsular Release Versus Manipulation under Anesthesia for Refractory Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Frozen shoulder (FS) is a painful and debilitating condition affecting the shoulder joint. When patients fail to improve after conservative treatments, operative treatments including arthroscopic capsular release (ACR) and manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) are recommended. However, the comparison between these two interventions remains controversial.

Age and sex estimation in cephalometric radiographs based on multitask convolutional neural networks.

Objectives: Age and sex characteristics are evident in cephalometric radiographs (CRs), yet their accurate estimation remains challenging due to the complexity of these images. This study aimed to harness deep learning to automate age and sex estimation from CRs, potentially simplifying their interpretation.

Study Design: We compared the performance of 4 deep learning models (SVM, R-net, VGG16-SingleTask, and our proposed VGG16-MultiTask) in estimating age and sex from the testing dataset, utilizing a VGG16-based multitask deep learning model on 4,557 CRs.

Risk stratification of LA-NPC during chemoradiotherapy based on clinical classification and TVRR.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between tumor volume reduction rate (TVRR) and prognosis in patients with diverse clinical types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy, thereby aptly categorizing risks and directing the personalized treatment of NPC.

Materials And Methods: A total of 605 NPC patients with varying clinical types were enrolled in this study and subsequently segregated into six subgroups based on their clinical types and TVRR. To accentuate the efficacy of grouping, Groups 1-6 underwent clustered analysis of hazard atio (HR) values pertaining to progression-free survival (PFS), forming three risk clusters denoted as low, intermediate, and high.

DLP Fabrication of Multiple Hierarchical Biomimetic GelMA/SilMA/HAp Scaffolds for Enhancing Bone Regeneration.

Severe bone defects resulting from trauma and diseases remain a persistent clinical challenge. In this study, a hierarchical biomimetic microporous hydrogel composite scaffold was constructed by mimicking the hierarchical structure of bone. Initially, gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) and methacrylic anhydride silk fibroin (SilMA) were synthesized, and GelMA/SilMA inks with suitable rheological and mechanical properties were prepared.

Pure testicular choriocarcinoma, a rare and highly malignant subtype with challenging treatment: A case report and review of the literature.

Testicular choriocarcinoma (CC) is the rarest subtype of germ cell tumours (GCTs) of the testis, with a high malignant potential and early haematogenous metastasis. Radical surgical resection should be performed primarily for histological diagnosis, while chemotherapy remains the mainstay of therapy for advanced disease. In the present study, the case of a 65-year-old male patient diagnosed with metastatic testicular CC, who did not fully respond to chemotherapy is reported.

Differentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma through MRI Radiomics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The clinical and MRI data of 129 pathologically confirmed HCC patients and 48 ICC patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between April 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3 into a training group of 124 patients (90 with HCC and 34 with ICC) and a validation group of 53 patients (39 with HCC and 14 with ICC).

Rational Design of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Accurately Tracking Lysosomal Viscosity with Allyl Snchoring Si-Rhodamine.

The abnormal microenvironment parameter, viscosity, is closely connected with various diffusion processes, signal transduction, molecule interactions, and various diseases. It is greatly significant to design viscosity-dependent near-infrared (NIR) small molecule fluorescence probes for visualizing biological processes or diagnosing diseases. Herein, through the stepwise modulating structure of the silicon-rhodamine fluorophore (SR), we report three viscosity probes with allyl or methyl group as rotors, named , , and .

Integrated biomarker profiling of the metabolome associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among Tibetan in China.

Introduction: Metabolomic signatures of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Tibetan Chinese population, a group with high diabetes burden, remain largely unclear. Identifying the serum metabolite profile of Tibetan T2DM (T-T2DM) individuals may provide novel insights into early T2DM diagnosis and intervention.

Methods: Hence, we conducted untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma samples from a retrospective cohort study with 100 healthy controls and 100 T-T2DM patients by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

New insights into the role of long non-coding RNAs in osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a common disease in elderly individuals, and osteoporosis can easily lead to bone and hip fractures that seriously endanger the health of elderly individuals. At present, the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly anti-osteoporosis drugs, but there are side effects associated with anti-osteoporosis drugs. Therefore, it is very important to develop early diagnostic indicators and new therapeutic drugs for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Antibiotic-laden bone cement for diabetic foot infected wounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: A large body of literature has demonstrated the significant efficacy of antibiotic bone cement in treating infected diabetic foot wounds, but there is less corresponding evidence-based medical evidence. Therefore, this article provides a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of antibiotic bone cement in treating infected diabetic foot wounds to provide a reference basis for clinical treatment.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Scoup, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang database, and the ClinicalTrials.

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of port wine stains: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Port wine stains (PWS) often cause cosmetic effects and psychological distress. Pulsed dye lasers (PDL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are the most commonly used treatments. PDL is still the "gold standard" of therapy to date.

Clinicopathological characteristics and features of molecular subtypes of breast cancer at high altitudes.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the major malignancies threatening women's health worldwide. The incidence of breast cancer at high altitudes increased over the years. But few studies focused on the characteristics of clinicopathology and molecular subtypes among breast cancer at high altitudes, which are still unknown.

The Possible Role of Electrical Stimulation in Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review.

Osteoporosis is mainly a geriatric disease with a high incidence, and the resulting spinal fractures and hip fractures cause great harm to patients. Anti-osteoporosis drugs are the main treatment for osteoporosis currently, but these drugs have potential clinical limitations and side effects, so the development of new therapies is of great significance to patients with osteoporosis. Electrical stimulation therapy mainly includes pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), direct current (DC), and capacitive coupling (CC).

The Role of Sympathetic Nerves in Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review.

Osteoporosis, a systemic bone disease, is characterized by decreased bone density due to various reasons, destructed bone microstructure, and increased bone fragility. The incidence of osteoporosis is very high among the elderly, and patients with osteoporosis are prone to suffer from spine fractures and hip fractures, which cause great harm to patients. Meanwhile, osteoporosis is mainly treated with anti-osteoporosis drugs that have side effects.

Hippocampal adaptation to high altitude: a neuroanatomic profile of hippocampal subfields in Tibetans and acclimatized Han Chinese residents.

The hippocampus is highly plastic and vulnerable to hypoxia. However, it is unknown whether and how it adapts to chronic hypobaric hypoxia in humans. With a unique sample of Tibetans and acclimatized Han Chinese individuals residing on the Tibetan plateau, we aimed to build a neuroanatomic profile of the altitude-adapted hippocampus by measuring the volumetric differences in the whole hippocampus and its subfields.

Discovery of the novel Benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide derivatives as a potent STAT3 inhibitor against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease of unknown aetiology with limited treatment options. Currently, only two drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, are approved for the clinical treatment of IPF, but their efficacies are not satisfactory. Previous studies have shown that STAT3 might be a promising therapeutic target for IPF.