Increased antimicrobial resistance of isolates obtained from children in Beijing, China, in 2023.

Introduction: (), a common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in school-age children and adolescents, can cause epidemics worldwide. In late 2023, the incidence of infection among children reached a high level.

Methods: We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 62 isolates obtained from children with pneumonia in Beijing between 2021 and 2023, and analyzed the correlation of antimicrobial susceptibility with molecular characteristics of isolates and clinical manifestations of patients.

Effects of moderate intensity exercise on liver metabolism in mice based on multi-omics analysis.

Physical exercise is beneficial to keep physical and mental health. The molecular mechanisms underlying exercise are still worth exploring. The healthy adult mice after six weeks of moderate-intensity exercise (experimental group) and sedentary mice (control group) were used to perform transcriptomic, proteomic, lactylation modification, and metabolomics analysis.

Integrative single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis of the evolutionary trajectory features of adipose-derived stem cells induced into astrocytes.

This study employs single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing technologies (scATAC-seq) to perform joint sequencing on cells at various time points during the induction of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into astrocytes. We applied bioinformatics approaches to investigate the differentiation trajectories of ADSCs during their induced differentiation into astrocytes. Pseudotemporal analysis was used to infer differentiation trajectories.

Genetic Diagnosis and Clinical Features of Fetuses With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare abnormality with highly heterogeneous genetic causes. This study investigated chromosomal and monogenic abnormalities in fetal CDH patients and evaluated the efficacy of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) for genetic diagnosis. The clinical features of the patients were also evaluated.

Distinct phenotype and risk factor analysis of persistent airflow limitation among asthmatic children: a case-control study.

Background: Persistent airflow limitation (PAL) in childhood asthma is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to categorize asthmatic children with PAL into distinct phenotypes and investigate the risk factors associated with each phenotype.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study with a total of 119 PAL patients and 120 non-PAL (NPAL) individuals.

Reallocation of time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and estimated changes in physical fitness among preschoolers: a compositional data analysis.

Background: Previous research has examined the associations of preschoolers' 24-h movement behaviours, including light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA and MVPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep, with physical fitness in isolation, ignoring intrinsically compositional nature of movement data while increasing the risk of collinearity. Thus, this study investigated the associations of preschoolers' 24-h Movement behaviours composition with physical fitness, estimated changes in physical fitness when time was reallocated between movement behaviours composition, and determined whether associations differ between different genders, using compositional data analysis.

Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 275 preschoolers (3 ~ 6 y) from China were included.

Characterization of neuronal differentiation in human adipose-derived stromal cells: morphological, molecular, and ultrastructural insights.

Objective: Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have shown promise as a potential source of neural differentiation. In this study, we investigated the morphological, molecular and ultrastructural features of ADSCs during neuronal differentiation.

Methods: ADSCs were induced in vitro and their differentiation was examined at different time points.

Single-Incision Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Resection of Adrenal Tumors in Children.

Background: We describe our experience with single-incision retroperitoneal laparoscopic (SIRL) for resection of adrenal tumors in pediatric patients and discuss the technique's clinical value.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 27 pediatric patients who underwent SIRL between January 2020 and September 2023. Patients with tumors >5 cm in size and those requiring vascular skeletonization surgery or extensive lymph node dissection were excluded.

Overexpanded CAG repeats in ATN1 cause an Early-Onset Case of Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian atrophy with novel phenotypes and a literature Review of Chinese patients.

Objective: Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG overexpansion (≥48 tandem copies) in ATN1. The aim of this research was to explore the genetic cause of a large Chinese DRPLA pedigree and to review the characteristics of Chinese DRPLA patients.

Methods: Suspected variants were screened by high-throughput sequencing.

The novel HLA-A*24:617 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-A*24:617 differs from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4.

A novel compound heterozygous mutation of UFC1 in a patient with neurodevelopmental disorder.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a diverse group of disorders characterized by impaired cognition, behavior, and motor skills. Genetic factor is the leading cause in about 35% of NDDs patients. Mutations of UFC1, an E2 enzyme participating in the post-translational modification of proteins through attachment of ubiquitin-like proteins, were recently reported to be associated with NDDs.

Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and pubertal timing: 6-14-year-old children and adolescents in the NHANES 2015-2016.

Background: The association between 25(OH)D and pubertal timing has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and pubertal timing in children.

Methods: Participants aged 6-14 years who had available nutritional and serum sex hormone (total testosterone (TT) and estradiol (E2)) information (n =1318) were included.

Epidemiologic features and therapeutic strategies of kerion: A nationwide multicentre study.

Background: Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem.

Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real-world experience.

Methods: From 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation with multiorgan disruption and immune dysregulation caused by compound heterozygous variants in MAN2B2.

Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a type of inborn error of metabolism (IEM) resulting from defects in glycan synthesis or failed attachment of glycans to proteins or lipids. One rare type of CDG is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in mannosidase alpha class 2B member 2 (MAN2B2). To date, only two cases of MAN2B2-CDG have been reported worldwide.

Transcriptional Expression of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases During the Recovery of Acute Exercise in Mouse Hippocampus.

Protein acetylation, which is dynamically maintained by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), might play essential roles in hippocampal exercise physiology. However, whether HATs/HDACs are imbalanced during the recovery phase following acute exercise has not been determined. Groups of exercised mice with different recovery periods after acute exercise (0 h, 0.

Novel homozygous ADK out-of-frame deletion causes adenosine kinase deficiency with rare phenotypes of sepsis, metabolites disruption and neutrophil dysfunction.

Adenosine kinase deficiency (OMIM #614300) is a type of inborn errors of metabolism with multiorgan symptoms primarily neurological disorders, hepatic impairment, global developmental delay, and mild dysmorphism. The genetic causes of adenosine kinase deficiency are homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants of ADK. To date, fewer than 25 cases of adenosine kinase deficiency have been reported worldwide and none have been reported in China.

Retracted: Rehmannia Radix Extract Relieves Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice via Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1).

The authors have requested retraction due to the identification of errors in the data. Reference: Xiaoming Hu, Dongzhe Zhu. Rehmannia Radix Extract Relieves Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice via Transforming Growth Factor ß1 (TGF-ß1).

Retracted: Alleviation of Inflammatory Response of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Puerarin via Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-β1).

The authors have requested retraction due to the identification of errors in the data. Reference: Xiaoming Hu, Xiaolan Huang. Alleviation of Inflammatory Response of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Puerarin via Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-ß1).

[The cutoff value of small airway dysfunction in children with bronchial asthma].

To explore the cutoff value for assessing small airway dysfunction in children with asthma. A total of 364 asthmatic children aged 5 to 14 years, with normal ventilatory function, followed up at the Asthma Clinic of the Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2017 to January 2018, were selected as the case group. Concurrently, 403 healthy children of the same age range and without any symptoms in the community were chosen as the control group, and pulmonary function tests were conducted.

Effect of cognitive-behavior therapy for children with functional abdominal pain: a meta-analysis.

Background: Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) is the validated non-pharmacological treatment for chronic pain in pediatric patients. While some suggested CBT were comparable to the usual care in reducing children's functional abdominal pain. This meta-analysis was designed to systematically review the literature for RCTs that investigated the efficacy of CBT in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP).