Knowledge related to breast cancer screening programs by physicians in Brazil.

Background: Antonini et al. evaluated gynecologists', obstetricians', and family and community physicians knowledge of breast cancer screening and their adherence to recommendations defined by the BI-RADS™ system. The study demonstrated that inadequate training resulted in insufficient screening and failure to follow the protocols recommended by the BIRADS™ system.

PROMRIINE (PRe-operatory Magnetic Resonance Imaging is INEffective) Study: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Surgical Decisions and Clinical Outcomes in Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical outcomes in women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer from published randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Materials And Methods: Two independent researchers conducted a systematic review through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. If there was disagreement between the two reviewers, a third reviewer assessed the manuscript to determine whether it should be included for data extraction.

Analyzing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Effects in HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Real World Data.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can be used as upfront therapy in aggressive breast cancer (BC). human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low BC, defined as tumors scoring +1 or +2 on immunohistochemistry without HER2 gene amplification by in situ hybridization, lacks information on real-world data (RWD) outcomes, especially in the NAC setting. This subgroup, which does not reach the HER2 positive criteria due to its lower receptor expression, represents a distinct clinical category potentially requiring tailored therapeutic approaches.

Alcohol Sniff Test (AST): An Important Tool for Screening Post-Viral Olfactory Loss in Acute Flu-Like Dysfunction.

Olfactory disorders have a significant impact on patients' quality of life but are often underestimated in clinical practice. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are a common cause of olfactory loss. While most cases of olfactory loss due to URTIs are conductive and reversible, post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) persists despite symptom improvement.

Prenatal repair of gastroschisis using partial carbon dioxide insufflation fetoscopy: lessons learned.

We report the long-term outcomes of a case of prenatal gastroschisis repair using a fully percutaneous fetoscopic approach with partial carbon dioxide insufflation. Surgery was performed as an experimental procedure before the scheduled elective birth. The fetal intestines were successfully returned to the abdominal cavity without any fetal or maternal complications.

Vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in twin gestations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in twin gestations.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and CINAHL (from their inception to January 31, 2023), Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, bibliographies, and conference proceedings.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials that compared vaginal progesterone to placebo or no treatment in asymptomatic women with a twin gestation.

Comparative study of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system and laparoscopic hysterectomy for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in enlarged uteri.

Objective: The levonorgestrel intrauterine system treatment prevents 67.7% of surgeries in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding and enlarged uteri. To evaluate the effectiveness of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system in the treatment of patients with heavy menstrual bleeding and an enlarged uterus and to compare satisfaction and its complications with hysterectomy.

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score: has the time come for an update?

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was developed more than 25 years ago to provide a simple method of assessing and monitoring organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. Changes in clinical practice over the last few decades, with new interventions and a greater focus on non-invasive monitoring systems, mean it is time to update the SOFA score. As a first step in this process, we propose some possible new variables that could be included in a SOFA 2.

DFV890: a new oral NLRP3 inhibitor-tested in an early phase 2a randomised clinical trial in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and impaired respiratory function.

Background: Coronavirus-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) has limited effective therapy to date. NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 contributes to cytokine storm.

Methods: This randomised, multinational study enrolled hospitalised patients (18-80 years) with COVID-19-associated pneumonia and impaired respiratory function.

Influence of statins in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with new antiandrogen therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate whether the addition of statins to the new antiandrogens (enzalutamide or abiraterone) affects overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: We searched studies in English language including the keywords statins, overall survival, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, at PubMed® (MEDLINE®), Embase and Cochrane databases.

Results: A total of 195 articles were initially identified, but only four met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the meta-analysis.

Allergy to penicillin and betalactam antibiotics.

Betalactams are the most frequent cause of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs mediated by a specific immune mechanism. Immediate reactions occur within 1 to 6 hours after betalactam administration, and are generally IgE-mediated. They clinically translate into urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis.

Early postoperative serum albumin levels as predictors of surgical outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Malnutrition is a common issue in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and has a negative effect on surgical outcomes.

Objective: We attempted to determine which malnutrition diagnostic variables can be used as predictors of postoperative complications in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Forty-one patients undergoing surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were submitted to a prospective evaluation.

The effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the fetal compartment.

In indicated preterm births such a Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), little is known about the role of the amnion membranes. Investigating the role of amnion membrane inflammation in response GDM may suggest novel pathophysiologic mechanisms. We hypothesize that increased GDM inflammatory mediators may weaken the amnion membrane predisposing them to infection.

Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: a marker of good prognosis?

Introduction: In May 2020, the World Health Organization recognized olfactory dysfunction as a COVID-19 symptom. The presence of hyposmia/anosmia may be a marker of good prognosis in COVID-19.

Objective: To associate the presence of olfaction disorder to the clinical condition severity in patients with COVID-19.

During which period should we avoid cholecystectomy in patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?

Objective: To determine the period during which we should avoid cholecystectomy after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of electronic medical charts of 532 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, between March 2013 and December 2017.

Results: Approximately one-third of patients underwent the procedure between 4 and 30 days after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Challenges for the development of alternative low-cost ventilators during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought concerns to managers, healthcare professionals, and the general population related to the potential mechanical ventilators' shortage for severely ill patients. In Brazil, there are several initiatives aimed at producing alternative ventilators to cover this gap. To assist the teams that work in these initiatives, we provide a discussion of some basic concepts on physiology and respiratory mechanics, commonly used mechanical ventilation terms, the differences between triggering and cycling, the basic ventilation modes and other relevant aspects, such as mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury, respiratory drive, airway heating and humidification, cross-contamination risks, and aerosol dissemination.

Postoperative Chronic Osteomyelitis in the Long Bones - Current Knowledge and Management of the Problem.

Chronic postoperative osteomyelitis represents an important health problem due to its significant morbidity and low mortality rate. This pathology is challenging because of difficulties in understanding the pathogenesis and the decision-making involving the treatment. The present article had the goal of reviewing the definition, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic postoperative osteomyelitis, and of gathering this information in a single Brazilian updated publication.

Hepatitis B viremia in HIV-coinfected individuals under antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased AIDS incidence and mortality, rendering comorbidities, such as hepatitis B more relevant for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since antiretroviral drugs may also inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, analyzing the impact of ART on management of hepatitis B in this population is important.

Objective: To assess HBV viremia among HIV/HBV coinfected individuals on ART and its associated factors.