Prediction of normal values for central apnea-hypopnea index at different ages and altitudes above sea level in healthy children.

Background: There is a critical need for studies aimed to help clinicians to establish the normal/expected central apnea-hypopnea index (CAHI) at altitudes above sea level and ages other than those reported in the current available studies. The aim of the present study was to develop predictive models useful for determining the normal/expected CAHI in children of different ages born and living at various altitudes above sea level.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed in order to identify all available studies that reported on CAHI values measured in healthy children of different ages and living at various levels above sea level.

Validation of a Spanish version of the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire in children living in a high-altitude city.

Objectives: We aimed to validate a Spanish version of the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (SRBD-PSQ) in children living in a high-altitude Colombian city.

Methods: In a prospective cohort validation study, patients aged between 2 and 17 years who attended the Ear, Nose, and Throat pediatric department of our institution for symptoms related to sleep-related breathing disorders had a baseline visit at enrollment, a second visit the day scheduled for the surgical intervention, and a follow-up visit at least 3 months after the surgical intervention. In these three visits, we gathered the necessary data for assessing the criterion validity, construct validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and sensitivity to change of the Spanish version of the SRBD-PSQ.

Pediatric Ischemic Stroke: An Infrequent Complication of SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: Severe complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) include arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in adults and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Whether stroke is a frequent complication of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. This study aimed to determine the proportion of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases with ischemic stroke and the proportion of incident pediatric strokes with SARS-CoV-2 in the first 3 months of the pandemic in an international cohort.

Reparación de hernias paraesofágicas gigantes asistida por robot en un hospital de cuarto nivel en Bogotá, Colombia, Clínica Shaio: serie de casos y revisión de la literatura.

Background: Giant paraesophageal hernias have a surgical indication in case of symptoms. Since twenty years ago robot-assisted repair was incorporated to overcome the limitations of the laparoscopic surgery, and to offer new advantages.

Objective: To report the experience on repairing giant paraesophageal hernias assisted by robot in a fourth level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, Shaio Clinic.

Retención de videocápsula endoscópica, una nueva enfermedad médico-quirúrgica: serie de casos.

Background: The endoscopic video capsule (EVC), a minimally invasive method of study of the gastrointestinal system indicated in occult gastrointestinal bleeding, has as main complication the retention of endoscopic capsule (CR), currently it is managed with direct extraction using double-balloon enteroscopy; however, when it fails due to its location or associated pathologies, the surgical intervention results in the most successful approach.

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and management of patients with video capsule endoscopy retention.

Method: From January 2001 to December 2018, a retrospective search was carried out in three centers, of patients with CR diagnosis, clinical variables and approach were evaluated, in addition to a critical review of the literature.

Childhood cancer in Latin America: from detection to palliative care and survivorship.

Background: Treatment options for childhood cancer have improved substantially, although in many low- and middle-income countries survival is lagging behind. Integral childhood cancer care involves the whole spectrum from detection and diagnosis to palliative and survivorship care.

Methods: Based on a literature review and expert opinions, we summarized current practice and recommendations on the following aspects of childhood cancer in Latin America: diagnostic processes and time to diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, treatments and complications, survivorship programs and palliative care and end-of-life services.

Clinical and Epidemiologic Analysis of COVID-19 Children Cases in Colombia PEDIACOVID.

Objective: The COVID pandemic has affected Colombia with a high number of cases and deceases; however, no studies have been published regarding pediatric population. An epidemiologic analysis of the nationwide COVID register, therefore, is necessary to outline and describe the impact in such population.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the characteristics of a cohort of 5062 patients <18 years of age, until June 16, 2020, reported at the National Institute of Health-INS (https://www.

Reconstruction with Free Flaps of Head and Neck Cancer Defects: A National Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to determine the perioperative mortality rate, reintervention rate, and total healthcare costs for head and neck cancer patients who underwent free tissue transfer (FTT) in Colombia. The prognostic factors associated with those results were estimated.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using administrative data from patients of all ages diagnosed with head and neck cancer who underwent FTT between 2013 and 2016 in Colombia's contributory health system.

Primary prophylaxis was associated with lower arthropathy in Colombian men with haemophilia B: A longitudinal analysis (2015-2019).

Introduction: The risk of chronic haemophilic arthropathy (CHA) is related to severity. Evidence suggests that primary prophylaxis (PPr) could reduce CHA incidence and its impact on quality of life.

Aim: To evaluate the association between PPr and CHA in Colombian males with haemophilia B (HB) during 2015 to 2019.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with Inborn Errors of Immunity: a Multi-center Experience in Colombia.

Purpose: To characterize the pediatric population with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) that was treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in three reference centers in Colombia. What have been the characteristics and outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity in three reference care centers in Colombia between 2007 and 2018?

Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study in children with a diagnosis of IEI who underwent HSCT between 2007 and 2018.

Results: Forty-seven patients were identified, and 5 were re-transplanted.

Presentation and Outcomes of Kawasaki Disease in Latin American Infants Younger Than 6 Months of Age: A Multinational Multicenter Study of the REKAMLATINA Network.

To characterize the clinical presentation and outcomes of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants <6 months of age as compared to those ≥6 months in Latin America. We evaluated 36 infants <6 months old and 940 infants ≥6 months old diagnosed with KD in Latin America. We compared differences in laboratory data, clinical presentation, treatment response, and coronary artery outcomes between the two cohorts.

A comparative analysis of the bronchodilatador response measured by impulse oscillometry and spirometry in asthmatic children living at high altitude.

Objective: Although the assessment of a bronchodilator response (BDR) is a routine and important procedure when performing lung function tests, comparisons between spirometric and oscillometric BDRs in asthmatic children living at high altitude have not been previously reported. The aim of the present study was to compare spirometric and oscillometric BDRs in children living at high altitude, and to identify independent predictors of spirometric and oscillometric BDRs.

Methods: Between January and December, 2015, asthmatic children aged between 5 and 17 years old performed impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry during the same visit before and after albuterol administration.

Dual Targeting of Stromal Cell Support and Leukemic Cell Growth by a Peptidic PKC Inhibitor Shows Effectiveness against B-ALL.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) favour a scenario where leukemic cells survive. The protein kinase C (PKC) is essential to confer MSC support to leukemic cells and may be responsible for the intrinsic leukemic cell growth. Here we have evaluated the capacity of a chimeric peptide (HKPS), directed against classical PKC isoforms, to inhibit leukemic cell growth.

Difference in the duration of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: Comparison of new-onset to known type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To compare the duration (hours until  ≥ 15 mmol/L) of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) episodes that are the first manifestation of new type 1 diabetes (NT1D) and those that are a complication in patients with previously diagnosed type 1 diabetes (PT1D).

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was designed. The duration of DKA was measured from the start of the treatment.

[Values of cerebrospinal fluid cytochemistry in pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt].

Background: The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) is the treatment for hydrocephalus, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is evaluated for the management of its complications; however, information on the values of the cytochemistry in this population is insufficient.

Aim: To describe the characteristics of the CSF cytochemistry of children in VPS management.

Methods: Descriptive observational study, developed in Bogotá (Colombia), from 2008 to 2016.

HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN PEDIATRICS: A CASE SERIES.

Objective: To describe a case series of four (4) patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in a level four complexity institution in the city of Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis: Diagnosis, management and technical considerations.

Background: Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of nasal obstruction in neonates with respiratory distress manifestations. Diagnosis is made with craniofacial computed tomography, prompt and precise treatment creates good outcomes in these patients.

Aim: To present our experience in diagnosis and management considerations with this rare pathology and a case series of our surgically managed patients.

Intubation Using C-MAC Video Laryngoscope During Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Featuring Upper Airway Neck Mass: A Case Report.

Ex utero intrapartum treatment procedures are mainly indicated to secure the airways of fetuses featuring a risk of obstruction at birth while ensuring uteroplacental circulation. This report documents a successful intubation case with a C-MAC video laryngoscope during an ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure in a newborn featuring an infiltrative neck mass. Despite technical challenges faced in this procedure, the C-MAC video laryngoscope allowed an optimal view of airway structures.

Systematic molecular analysis of hemophilia A patients from Colombia.

Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked recessive disorder and the second most common coagulation disorder with an incidence of 1 in 5,000 live born males. Worldwide, there are 178,500 affected individuals, 60% with the severe form of the disease. Intron 22 and 1 inversions (Inv22 and Inv1) are the most frequent molecular alterations found in severe HA patients with a frequency of 45-50% and 0.

Respiratory Complications of Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Pediatric Population.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of respiratory complications in the early postoperative period of children with sleep apnea who required adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary pediatric hospital and to establish recommendations for postoperative monitoring.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosed by polysomnogram (PSG), who underwent adenotonsillectomy for treatment of OSA. The prevalence of respiratory complications in the first 24 postoperative hours was measured.

Acute pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis: an exploration of clinical and etiologic factors and outcomes.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and clinical features of acute pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis in children.

Methods: Observational and retrospective study with an analytical component. Patients were classified into two groups: Acute pancreatitis and recurrent pancreatitis.

The Visible and Less Visible in the Suffering of a Conversion Disorder in Children and Adolescents. A Qualitative Study of Illness Explanatory Models Presented to Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Conversion Disorder.

Background: Conversion disorder is a challenge for clinicians due to the conceptual gaps as regards its pathogenesis, the way in which it converges with other psychiatric disorders, and the lack of approaches to the experiences of both patients and family members with the disease.

Objective: To describe Explanatory Models (EM) offered to caregivers of paediatric patients with conversion disorder who attended the Hospital de la Misericordia.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of 10 patients who attended the Hospital de La Misericordia, ¿Bogota? between May 2014 and April 2015.

Vomer Flap: A Golden Tool for the Treatment of Cleft Palate.

Despite the lack of consensus regarding the treatment of labio-palatal clefts, each treatment protocol is the expression of an individual perspective that accumulates the experience of each multidisciplinary group, which all pursue the same goal: to achieve adequate language development with the lowest possible impact on facial growth. To achieve this, a management scheme has been developed, this exploits vomer flaps for the closure of palatal clefts and limits dissections in the palatine segments. Modifications are presented in the design and dissection of vomer flaps, so as to use the largest amount of mucosal tissue available, thus facilitating closure of the different clefts, particularly in Veau Group III clefts.

Normal values of 3 methods to determine patellar height in children from 6 to 12 years.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to compare three methods for high-score measurement in children, Caton-Deschamps, Blackburne-Peel and Koshino-Sugimoto, to determine the normal value of each method in a group of normal children.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study on knee x-rays of normal children. Three orthopaedic surgeons measured the Caton-Deschamps, Blackburne-Peel and Koshino-Sugimoto indices.