Artificial intelligence and capsule endoscopy: unravelling the future.

The applicability of artificial intelligence (AI) in gastroenterology is a hot topic because of its disruptive nature. Capsule endoscopy plays an important role in several areas of digestive pathology, namely in the investigation of obscure hemorrhagic lesions and the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, there is growing interest in the use of AI in capsule endoscopy.

Implementing ICHOM standard set for cataract surgery at IPO-Porto (Portugal): clinical outcomes, quality of life and costs.

Background: This paper fills a gap in the applied research field, for a local context, by addressing the topics of describing cataract surgery' clinical outcomes; quality of life (QoL); and costs of the patients treated after the implementation of the ICHOM standard set.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study using real-world data (RWD). We included all patients subjected to cataract surgery at the Portuguese Institute of oncology - Porto (IPO-Porto), Portugal, after 3 months follow up period completed between 5th June 2017 and 21st May 2018.

European guidelines on microscopic colitis: United European Gastroenterology and European Microscopic Colitis Group statements and recommendations.

Introduction: Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by normal or almost normal endoscopic appearance of the colon, chronic watery, nonbloody diarrhoea and distinct histological abnormalities, which identify three histological subtypes, the collagenous colitis, the lymphocytic colitis and the incomplete microscopic colitis. With ongoing uncertainties and new developments in the clinical management of microscopic colitis, there is a need for evidence-based guidelines to improve the medical care of patients suffering from this disorder.

Methods: Guidelines were developed by members from the European Microscopic Colitis Group and United European Gastroenterology in accordance with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument.

Sarcopenia as a Prognostic Factor in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Descriptive Review.

Background: Determine the influence of sarcopenia on the prognosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was performed with the keywords and medical subject heading (MesH): "muscle, skeletal", "sarcopenia", "prognosis", "duration of stay", "death", "mortality", "patient readmission", "length of stay", "peripheral arterial disease", "intermittent claudication" and "critical limb ischemia". Papers published from January 2010 to October 2020 in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese were eligible for inclusion.

Why are tapes better than wires in knotless rotator cuff repairs? An evaluation of force, pressure and contact area in a tendon bone unit mechanical model.

Purpose: Knotless repairs have demonstrated encouraging performance regarding retear rate reduction, but literature aiming at identifying the specific variables responsible for these results is scarce and conflictive. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the material (tape or wire suture) and medial tendon passage (single or double passage) on the contact force, pressure and area at the tendon bone interface in order to identify the key factors responsible for this repairs´ success.

Methods: A specific knotless transosseous equivalent cuff repair was simulated using 2 tape or suture wire loaded medial anchors and 2 lateral anchors, with controlled lateral suture limb tension.

The Benefits and Harms of Botulinum Toxin-A in the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes: A Systematic Review by the European Association of Urology Chronic Pelvic Pain Panel.

Context: Patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) may have pain refractory to conventional management strategies. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is a potential therapeutic option.

Objective: To evaluate the benefits and harms of BTX-A injections in the treatment of CPPS.

Epidemiologic trend of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Latin America: The Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) Working Group.

Introduction And Objectives: The primary aim was to explore the epidemiologic trend of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Latin America, and the secondary aims were to obtain an overview of the diagnostic/therapeutic focus of the members of the LASPGHAN and examine the relation of case frequency to year, during the study period.

Materials And Methods: Latin American pediatric gastroenterologists participated in an online survey, conducted through the SurveyMonkey platform, that investigated the yearly frequency of new inflammatory bowel disease patients within the time frame of 2005 to 2016, their disease variety, the gastrointestinal segments affected, and the diagnostic and treatment methods utilized. The correlation of new case frequency with each study year was evaluated.

Spondylectomy for Primary Ewing Lumbar Sarcoma in Children.

Primary Ewing sarcoma in the spine is very rare, and the treatment for it is multidisciplinary. There is no consensus regarding the optimal method of local control; however, en bloc resection is associated with an improvement in survival rates. The authors report a case of a 5-year-old girl who initially presented low back pain, and was diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma after being submitted to imaging studies by radiography, magnetic resonance and bone biopsy.

The impact of COVID-19 on children with autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience changing routines as a major challenge. For that reason, the need for adaptation during COVID-19 pandemic may have brought major problems to families with children with this pathology.

Aim: To explore how children with ASD and their parents experienced the social isolation during COVID-19 outbreak period.

Monochorionic Twin Discordance for Horseshoe Lung and Tricuspid Atresia.

The horseshoe lung is a congenital malformation in which the bases of the right and the left lung are fused. We describe a monochorionic twin gestation with malformation discordance. The abnormal twin had a horseshoe lung with hypoplasia of the right lung, tricuspid atresia, cleft lip, and a pelvic right kidney.

European Expert Opinion on ANT-DBS therapy for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (a Delphi consensus).

Introduction: Although deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) represents an established third-line therapy for patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, guiding reports on practical treatment principles remain scarce.

Methods: An Expert Panel (EP) of 10 European neurologists and 4 neurosurgeons was assembled to share their experience with ANT-DBS therapy. The process included a review of the current literature, which served as a basis for an online survey completed by the EP prior to and following a face-to-face meeting (Delphi method).

Array-CGH: importance in the study of developmental delays in pediatrics.

Introduction: Global developmental delay (GDD) is an intellectual and adaptive impairment in infants under 5 years of age who fail to meet expected developmental milestones. Intellectual disability is characterized by limitation in intellectual function and adaptive behavior, with onset in childhood. Frequent identifiable causes of GDD and intellectual disability are chromosomal imbalances.

Dysfunction of Empathy and Related Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review.

After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Assess differences between adult patients with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy control subjects in terms of empathy and related processes• Evaluate the effects of empathy or related processes as factors contributing to abnormal social functioning in BPD ABSTRACT: We reviewed 45 original research studies, published between 2000 and 2019, to assess differences between adult patients with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy control subjects in terms of empathy and related processes (i.e., theory of mind, mentalizing, social cognition, and emotional intelligence).

Natural Ergot Alkaloids in Ocular Pharmacotherapy: Known Molecules for Novel Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems.

Several pharmacological properties are attributed to ergot alkaloids as a result of their antibacterial, antiproliferative, and antioxidant effects. Although known for their biomedical applications (e.g.

Two cases of ADA2 deficiency presenting as childhood polyarteritis nodosa: novel ADA2 variant, atypical CNS manifestations, and literature review.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from loss-of-function pathogenic variants in ADA2 gene, which might resemble polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). The authors present two pediatric cases of ADA2 deficiency with phenotypic manifestations of PAN, including an unusual presentation with spinal cord ischemia. Also described is an assessment of ADA2 activity and gene expression profiling with description of a previously unreported homozygous variant, c.