Novel allelic variants of bla carried on IncN and IncC plasmids isolated from clinical cases in Argentina. In vivo emergence of bla.

Background: The OXA-48-like enzymes are members of the class D β-lactamases, primarily detected in Enterobacterales, with the capacity to hydrolyze carbapenems. The allelic variant bla, which has low hydrolytic activity towards carbapenemes, was detected in Argentina in 2011 and spread successfully since then, giving sporadic origin to novel local variants.

Aim: To study the phenotypic profile and the dissemination strategies of two novel OXA enzymes, bla and bla, harbored in Escherichia coli M17224 and Klebsiella pneumoniae M21014, isolated from two pediatric patients.

Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Safety of a Pentavalent Meningococcal ABCWY Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults who had Previously Received a Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine: Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study.

Background: A MenABCWY vaccine containing 4CMenB and MenACWY-CRM vaccine components has been developed to protect against the five meningococcal serogroups that cause most invasive disease cases.

Methods: In this phase 3 study (NCT04707391), healthy participants aged 15-25 years, who had received MenACWY vaccination ≥4 years previously, were randomized (1:1) to receive two MenABCWY doses six months apart or one MenACWY-CRM dose. Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of MenABCWY 1 month post-vaccination versus MenACWY-CRM, with a lower limit of 2-sided 95% confidence interval above -10% for group differences in 4-fold rise in human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) titers against serogroups ACWY, and to evaluate reactogenicity and safety.

Impact on meningococcal disease of different vaccination strategies with 4CMenB and MenACWY-CRM197 in infants and adolescents in Argentina.

Background: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a life-threatening disease, primarily affecting infants and children. Argentina introduced routine meningococcal vaccination in infants and adolescents in 2017, with MenACWY vaccination targeting serogroups A, C, W, and Y (current National Immunization Program [cNIP]). Serogroup B, more prevalent since 2015, became predominant in children.

Global perspective of psychosocial care of patients with differences of sex development from low-income countries.

Objective: Management of Differences of Sex Development (DSD) is complex and in resource limited settings the psychosexual and psychosocial aspects of DSD care have received limited attention. This review aims to explore recent literature on psychosocial care of DSD in low and upper middle-income countries (L/UMIC).

Materials And Methods: Scientific databases were searched and papers on management of DSD were reviewed according to predefined inclusion criteria.

Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and cytokine levels in hypothyroidism: a series of meta-analyses.

Background: Hypothyroidism (HT) is associated with different comorbidities comprising increased arterial stiffness and decreased flow-mediated dilatation. The exact pathological mechanism of endothelial activation and dysfunction (ED) in HT remains unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to provide an overview of the pathogenesis of ED in HT.

[Monogenic obesity: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment].

Obesity is a disorder of multifactorial origin in which both genetic and environmental factors intervene. Currently, numerous gene variants related to the control of intake and the mechanism of action of leptin in the central nervous system through the melanocortin pathway have been described. The accessibility to molecular studies through next-generation sequencing panels that include dozens of genes related to this condition shows that the incidence is much higher than previously reported.

The clinical and economic value of enhanced influenza vaccines for the elderly in Argentina.

Background: Enhanced influenza vaccines are the best option for the elderly. In 2021, Argentina introduced the MF59-adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV) for individuals aged 65 years. and above, in the national immunization program.

Systematic review and meta-analyses of adipokine levels in hypothyroidism: a role for retinol-binding protein 4.

Background: Hypothyroidism (HT) is associated with numerous well-characterized comorbidities and established biomarkers for subclinical atherosclerosis which may lead to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease; however, the precise molecular mechanism underlying these pathological features remains elusive. Increased levels of adipokines may have adverse effects on multiple atherosclerotic risk factors in HT. Different studies have evaluated the association between HT and adipokines with conflicting results.

Early assessment of antibodies decline in Chagas patients following treatment using a serological multiplex immunoassay.

Chagas disease following infection with Trypanosoma cruzi is a major public health issue, with the disease spreading beyond endemic regions and becoming more global due to the migration of infected individuals. The currently available anti-parasitic drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, remain insufficiently evaluated for their efficacy in adult patients. A key challenge is the lack of markers for parasitological cure, which also precludes the development of new treatments.

Inborn errors of immunity reveal molecular requirements for generation and maintenance of human CD4 IL-9-expressing cells.

Background: CD4 T cells play essential roles in adaptive immunity. Distinct CD4 T-cell subsets-T1, T2, T17, T22, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells-have been identified, and their contributions to host defense and immune regulation are increasingly well defined. IL-9-producing T9 cells were first described in 2008 and appear to play both protective and pathogenic roles in human immunity.

A novel pathogenic DICER1 gene variant is associated with hereditary multinodular goiter in an Argentine family as evidenced by clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic analysis.

DICER1 syndrome is an autosomal-dominant disorder that results in malignant or benign tumors. A number of distinct pathogenic germline and somatic variants have been identified as causing multinodular goiter (MNG). The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize the genetic cause underlying the familial form of MNG through a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis in an Argentine family with three affected siblings.

The Approach to Patients with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) in the Era of Precision Medicine: The Careful Use of Terminology.

The term "DSD" was coined for "disorders of sex development", referring to conditions where the chromosomal, gonadal and/or genital sex is discordant or ambiguous, to replace terms considered imprecise and stigmatizing. Recently, the term "disorder" has been questioned and the term "differences" has been proposed as not stigmatizing, reflecting that the term DSD should be depathologized. In this opinion article, I discuss the importance of using precise technical terminologies amongst healthcare professionals, in the era of "precision medicine", to avoid misleading diagnoses or classifications while being extremely careful to use sensitive terminologies when interacting with patients and their families.

Open-label, controlled, phase 2 clinical trial assessing the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of INM004 in pediatric patients with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a severe condition mainly affecting children. It is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury in the pediatric population. There is no established therapy for this disease.

Peripheral precocious puberty secondary to severe hypothyroidism.

Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome is a rare form of severe hypothyroidism. We present a 10.9-year-old girl who consulted for genital bleeding, Tanner stage 2, and clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism.

Clinical practices related to liberation from mechanical ventilation in Latin American pediatric intensive care units: survey of the Sociedad Latino-Americana de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos Mechanical Ventilation Liberation Group.

Objective: To address the current practice of liberating patients from invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units, with a focus on the use of standardized protocols, criteria, parameters, and indications for noninvasive respiratory support postextubation.

Methods: Electronic research was carried out from November 2021 to May 2022 in Ibero-American pediatric intensive care units. Physicians and respiratory therapists participated, with a single representative for each pediatric intensive care unit included.