[Sirenomelia: a case report].

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by fusion of the lower extremities and multiple visceral abnormalities. It usually has a lethal prognosis due to the severity of the associated abnormalities. We present the case of a 26-year-old female patient, in her second pregnancy without associated comorbidities, who was admitted to the Emergency department due to a 26-week pregnancy and anhydramnios.

Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome and Gonadectomy.

Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) refers to the development of peripheral precocious puberty, long-standing hypothyroidism, and gonadal masses; when not diagnosed, an unnecessary gonadectomy may be performed. Herein, we present a case of a 10-year-old girl with Down's syndrome, short stature, and vitiligo who presented to our hospital with vaginal bleeding and a palpable pelvic mass. Upon ultrasound and topographical examination, bilateral ovarian masses with negative tumor markers were detected.

The "Little-Old-Lady's Hernia", Obturator Hernia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Obturator hernias, though rare, are clinically significant abdominal hernias, predominantly affecting elderly, thin women, with an estimated prevalence of less than 1%. The primary treatment involves surgical intervention to reduce and repair the defect, either through laparotomy or laparoscopy, with bowel resection needed in up to 75% of patients. Here, we present the case of an 83-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and a history of constipation.

Prevalence of sexually risky behaviors among Mexican medical students.

University students are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections due to the lack of adequate sexual education, as well as multiple associated factors, which lead to risky sexual practices. It is important to update data about sexual behaviors to identify the main factors associated with sexually risky behaviors. The present study aimed to evaluate the current prevalence of sexually risky practices in medical students.

The prognostic value of neutrophile/lymphocyte ratio and serum chemerin to predict maternal-fetal complications in pregnant systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Background: Pregnancy in SLE continues to be a challenge. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and chemerin are predictors of preeclampsia in the general population; however, their role as predictors of maternal-fetal complications in pregnant SLE patients has not been analyzed.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of NLR and serum chemerin, to predict maternal-fetal complications in pregnant SLE patients, and compare both biomarkers among three study groups.

Combined Nutrition in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background Adequate nutritional support is crucial for achieving optimal growth and development in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants. This study evaluated the efficacy of combined nutrition (CN) (parenteral plus enteral nutrition (EN)) as an alternative nutrition protocol for VLBW infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods This retrospective cohort study collected clinical and growth data from the medical records of VLBW infants weighing between 1,000 and 1,500 grams in the NICU of the Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology "Dr.

Prevalence, causes, and clinical course of patients with surgical reintervention due to complications during cesarean section.

Objective: The objective of the study is to identify the prevalence, causes, and clinical evolution of patients with surgical reintervention due to complications during cesarean section.

Materials And Methods: The file of the Toco-Surgical Unit of the Gynecological Obstetrics Hospital No. 3 of the National Medical Center "La Raza" Mexican Institute of Social Security was reviewed to know the total number of patients undergoing cesarean section from January to December 2019 and cases with reintervention due to complications during cesarean section were selected.

[Comment on article: "Risk factors associated with lateonset neonatal sepsis"].

We have read with great interest the article published by Arias-Arellano Santiago et al on the risk factors associated with late neonatal sepsis. This study aims to determine the neonatal risk factors for the use of invasive and maternal methods associated with neonatal sepsis (early and late) in a neonatology unit during 2016 in a hospital in Ecuador.

NOTCH expression variability and relapse of breast cancer in high-risk groups.

Background: In regards to breast cancer (BC), survival or disease-free periods are still compromised mainly in Triple Negative (TN) and HER2 tumors. The participation of estrogen receptor (ER) has been reported as crucial in the signaling pathways, including the NOTCH pathway. The study was aimed to evaluate the expression of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 in BC and its relationship with the presence of ER, as well as with relapses.

Epigenetic Alterations Related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication in pregnancy, which affects the future health of both the mother and the newborn. Its pathophysiology involves nutritional, hormonal, immunological, genetic and epigenetic factors. Among the latter, it has been observed that alterations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation patterns and in the levels of certain micro RNAs, whether in placenta or adipose tissue, are related to well-known characteristics of the disease, such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, inflammation and excessive placental growth.

Endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background And Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (ED) are found in the majority of these patients and are factors associated to CVD. Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) is a surrogate marker validated for evaluating ED.

Complicaciones de la histerectomía total laparoscópica en pacientes de un hospital de alta especialidad.

Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones transoperatorias y posoperatorias en pacientes operadas de histerectomía total laparoscópica.

MÉtodo: Serie de casos del servicio de ginecología de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3 del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, de las pacientes sometidas a histerectomía total laparoscópica de diciembre de 2015 a diciembre de 2018.

BIK and GRP78 protein expression as possible markers of response to preoperative chemotherapy and survival in breast cancer.

Objective: BIK and GRP78 have shown differential expression profiles in breast cancer (BC) tissue, in addition to its important participation in the pathophysiology of cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of BIK and GRP78 protein expression with clinical and pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy, recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), in patients with BC.

Material And Methods: Fifty-three patients who received preoperative chemotherapy where included in an observational, analytical and retrospective study to assess the BIK and GRP78 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in microarrays of BC tissue obtained before treatment.

Efficacy of Docosahexaenoic Acid for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. In this study, a randomized double-blind parallel-group (1:1) trial was carried out in two neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary hospitals. Two hundred and twenty-five preterm newborns with an expected functional gastrointestinal tract were recruited and received an enteral dose of 75 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/kg body weight or high-oleic sunflower oil daily for 14 days from the first enteral feed after birth.

Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Pregnancy: Analysis of a Large 10-Year Longitudinal Mexican Cohort.

Background: Pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is considered a high risk one since it is associated with a higher rate of maternal-fetal complications compared with the pregnancies in healthy women.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the maternal-fetal outcomes in a cohort of Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and to identify risk factors associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

Patients And Methods: A cohort of pregnant lupus patients was analyzed.

Urological lesions in patients undergoing obstetric hysterectomy secondary due to abnormal placental insertion in a high specialty hospital.

Objective: To describe frequency and identify risk factors for urological lesions in patients undergoing obstetric hysterectomy secondary to abnormal placental insertion in a high specialty hospital.

Material And Methods: Transversal, retrospective study of patients underwent hysterectomy due to abnormal placental insertion, from 2017 to 2019; age, obstetric antecedents, comorbidities, type of abnormal placental insertion type of hysterectomy, site of urinary lesion, anesthesia, surgery time and bleeding were studied. Analyses were made with ji square and Kruskal Wallis tests with SPSS V20.

Immune tolerance at the maternal-placental interface in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.

Aim: The objective of this review is to describe the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance at the maternal-placental interface, and to discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in pre-eclampsia.

Methods: A literature review was performed based on the analysis of papers available on PubMed. The most important and relevant studies regarding the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia are presented in this article.

Use of antimalarial drugs is associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia in lupus pregnancy: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Several factors have been associated with the development of preeclampsia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with preeclampsia in patients with SLE and its impact on fetal outcomes.

Patients And Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of pregnancies in women with SLE from January 2009 to December 2018.

Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells, CD8/Treg ratio, and cancer stem cells are correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with early breast cancer.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer. They have been linked with tumor pathogenesis in advanced stages. However, little is known about their contribution in early phases.

[Coronavirus disease 2019 and pregnancy].

Historically, viral respiratory infections in pregnant women have shown an increase in the risk of morbidity and mortality. With regards to COVID-19, information is limited and a greater risk of severe morbidity or mortality has not been shown, when compared to general population; however, pregnant women with comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension have shown a greater severity of the disease, consistent with the general population with these comorbidities. The risk of vertical transmission appears to be low: it has not been demonstrated in any case during the current outbreak of COVID-19 in China, nor in previous epidemics of similar coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV).

[Molecular diagnosis of breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications].

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women in the world. In Mexico, since 2006, this disease has become the leading cancer-related cause of death in women. It is estimated that incidence and mortality will continue to rise due to population aging, to changes in reproductive patterns, to a higher prevalence of risk factors and to limited access to medical care, resulting in delayed early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways decreases progranulin expression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) cell line: a potential biomarker for therapy response to signaling pathway inhibitors.

Patients with advanced stage ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) have a poor prognosis due to resistance to conventional platinum chemotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated that PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways are involved in this chemoresistance. Progranulin (PGRN) overexpression contributes to cisplatin resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines.

Enteral Docosahexaenoic Acid and Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the retina of low-birth-weight preterm infants that potentially leads to blindness. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is protective in experimental models, but its administration as part of parenteral nutrition has shown inconsistent results. We test the effect of enteral DHA to prevent ROP and/or severity and to reduce hospital stay.