Colour perception develops throughout childhood with increased risk of deficiencies in children born prematurely.

Aim: To quantify the impact of prematurity on chromatic discrimination throughout childhood, from 2 to 15 years of age.

Methods: We recruited two cohorts of children, as part of the TrackAI Project, an international project with seven different study sites: a control group of full-term children with normal visual development and a group of children born prematurely. All children underwent a complete ophthalmological exam and an assessment of colour discrimination along the three colour axes: deutan, protan and trytan using a DIVE device with eye tracking technology.

Clinical presentation, microbiology, and prognostic factors of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Lessons learned from a large prospective registry.

Background: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious infection associated with high mortality that often requires surgical treatment.

Methods: Study on clinical characteristics and prognosis of a large contemporary prospective cohort of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) that included patients diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2020. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with in-hospital mortality was performed.

Application of IPSET-thrombosis in 1366 Patients Prospectively Followed From the Spanish Registry of Essential Thrombocythemia.

The International Prognostic Score of thrombosis in Essential Thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis) and its revised version have been proposed to guide thrombosis prevention strategies. We evaluated both classifications to prognosticate thrombosis in 1366 contemporary essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients prospectively followed from the Spanish Registry of ET. The cumulative incidence of thrombosis at 10 years, taking death as a competing risk, was 11.

Impact of Hospital Case Volume on Uterine Sarcoma Prognosis: SARCUT Study Subanalysis.

Background: High-complexity and low-prevalence procedures benefit from treatment by referral centers. The volume of cases necessary to maintain high training in the treatment of gynecologic sarcoma is currently unknown. This study aimed to determine differences in survival and recurrence as a function of the volume of patients treated per center.

The Spanish Scientific Societies before the ESC 2021 guidelines on vascular disease prevention: Generalizing the measurement of albuminuria to identify vascular risk and prevent vascular disease.

The 2021 guidelines on the prevention of vascular disease (VD) in clinical practice published by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and supported by 13 other European scientific societies recognize the key role of screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the prevention of VD. Vascular risk in CKD is categorized based on measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). Thus, moderate CKD is associated with a high vascular risk and severe CKD with a very high vascular risk requiring therapeutic action, and there is no need to apply other vascular risk scores when vascular risk is already very high due to CKD.

Feasibility of a screening algorithm for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: The OSIRIS study.

Introduction: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term sequel to pulmonary embolism (PE) whose incidence varies according to different published studies. We have carried out this study to determine its incidence within 2 years after index pulmonary embolism and to study limitations to an early diagnosis.

Material And Methods: OSIRIS is a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor therapy in kidney transplant patients with type 2 or post-transplant diabetes: an observational multicentre study.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. However, experience with SGLT2is in diabetic kidney transplant recipients (DKTRs) is limited.

Methods: This observational multicentre study was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of SGLT2is in DKTRs.

Clinical outcomes and quality of life after contemporary isolated coronary bypass grafting: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The objective of the European Multicenter Registry to Assess Outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients (DuraGraft Registry) was to determine clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) after contemporary CABG that included isolated CABG and combined CABG/valve procedures, using an endothelial damage inhibitor (DuraGraft) intraoperatively for conduit preservation. Here, we report outcomes in the patient cohort undergoing isolated CABG.

Methods: The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or repeat revascularization (RR) [major adverse cardiac events (MACE)] at 1 year.

What drives the decision to optimise biological treatment in children and youngsters with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? A discrete-choice experiment.

Objective: To analyse factors involved in the decision to optimise biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Methods: A "discrete-choice" methodology was used. In a nominal group meeting, factors which may influence physicians' decisions to optimise biological dose were identified, together with decision nodes.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with melanoma: results of the Spanish Melanoma Group registry.

Background: The Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM) developed a national registry of patients with melanoma infected by SARS-CoV-2 ("GRAVID").

Methods: The main objective was to describe the COVID-19 fatality rate in patients with melanoma throughout the pandemic, as well as to explore the effect of melanoma treatment and tumor stage on the risk of COVID-19 complications. These are the final data of the register, including cases from February 2020 to September 2021.

Discriminant Validity of a Single Clinical Question for the Screening of Inactivity in Individuals Living with COPD.

Introduction: Quantifying physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with questionnaires and activity monitors in clinical practice is challenging. The aim of the present study was to analyse the discriminant validity of a single clinical question for the screening of inactive individuals living with COPD.

Methods: A multicentre study was carried out in stable COPD individuals both in primary and tertiary care.

Retrograde Balloon-Assisted Approach to Prevent Distal Embolization During Complex Recanalization Procedures.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe a bailout technical strategy to prevent below-the-knee (BTK) distal embolization during procedures with increased inherent risk using universally-available "off-the-shelf" devices.

Technique: A conventional retrograde access is obtained of the BTK target vessel where embolization protection is sought. Before starting any potential proximal maneuver with an associated significant risk of distal embolization (eg, atherectomy and mechanical thrombectomy), a low-profile balloon is inserted and inflated through the distal retrograde access, so that any debris resulting from the recanalization procedure is blocked by the stagnant column of blood generated by the inflated balloon.

[Update of the recommendations on the management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in kidney transplant patients.].

SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on transplant activity in our country. Mortality and the risk of complications associated with COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KT) were expected to be higher due to their immunosuppressed condition and the frequent associated comorbidities. Since the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 we have rapidly improved our knowledge about the epidemiology, clinical features and management of COVID-19 post-transplant, resulting in a better prognosis for our patients.

Device Exposure and Patient Risk Factors' Impact on the Healthcare-Associated Infection Rates in PICUs.

Healthcare-associated infections related to device use (DA-HAIs) are a serious public health problem since they increase mortality, length of hospital stay and healthcare costs. We performed a multicenter, prospective study analyzing critically ill pediatric patients admitted to 26 Spanish pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) over a 3-month period each year from 2014 to 2019. To make comparisons and evaluate the influence of HAI Zero Bundles (care bundles that intend to reduce the DA-HAI rates to zero) on PICU HAI rates, the analysis was divided into two periods: 2014-2016 and 2017-2019 (once most of the units had incorporated all the Zero Bundles).

Population-based survey on menopausal symptoms and treatment use.

Objective: This article aimed to study the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) among Spanish perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, the presence of menopausal symptoms and the sources of information.

Methods: The epidemiological study using a survey included Spanish perimenopausal or postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 70 years in August 2021.

Results: A total of 1254 women were included.

Dual latent tuberculosis screening with tuberculin skin tests and QuantiFERON-TB assays before TNF-α inhibitor initiation in children in Spain.

Unlabelled: Tumor-necrosis-factor-α inhibitors (anti-TNF-α) are associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease, primarily due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). We assessed the performance of parallel LTBI screening with tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assays (QFT-GIT) before anti-TNF-α treatment in children with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders in a low TB-burden setting. We conducted a multicenter cohort study involving 17 pediatric tertiary centers in Spain.