Evaluation of the evidence-based practices for the management of PCOS in the Latin America context: the consensus of the Latin American Association of Gynecological Endocrinology (ALEG).

Objectives: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition affecting approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. However, limited data are available regarding the specific characteristics and needs of women with PCOS in Latin America. This consensus sought to evaluate the evidence-based practices for the management of PCOS for Latin American populations, consolidate regional insights, identify eventual gaps in implementation and identify key research opportunities.

Additional Cladribine tablets treatment courses in multiple sclerosis patients. A retrospective observational study in Latin American countries.

The use of additional cladribine tablets treatment courses is becoming an option in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) showing disease activity after treatment initiation. Despite the availability over the past year of several expert opinion guidance on the subject, there is a need for real-world assessment of the efficacy and safety of cladribine tablets in these patients. Thus, the aim of the present retrospective observational study is to describe the characteristics of patients that received additional treatment courses within the cohort of cladribine tablets-treated MS patients enrolled in the patient support program (PSP) Adveva® in Latin America countries.

[Not Available].

Objetivo: El acceso efectivo a servicios esenciales es crucial para algunas personas con autismo. En Argentina, el certificado único de discapacidad (CUD) asegura derechos y beneficios esenciales para las personas con autismo. Analizar la demanda de CUD relacionadas con el autismo puede ofrecer valiosos conocimientos sobre las necesidades de esta población.

Boosting porphyrin synthesis and ALA-mediated photoinactivation through near-infrared therapy.

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) combines the use of photosensitizers with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that effectively eliminate pathogens. To investigate the impact of near- infrared therapy (NIRT) on heme biosynthesis and permeability of the pro-photosensitizers 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and Hexyl-ALA (H-ALA) through biofilms, we applied sub-lethal conditions for both NIRT and PDI to maintain intact bacterial viability. During NIRT, the temperature remained below 37°C, permitting rapid heating (ΔT = 11°C) without causing thermal damage.

Update of diagnostic methods in tuberculosis (TB).

The WHO aims to reduce the number of deaths from TB by 95% and decrease its incidence rate by 90% between 2015 and 2035. The recommended rapid diagnostic tests are accurate and cost-effective, allow for a prompt start to treatment, and influence other outcomes that are important to the patient. To detect latent infection, the tuberculin skin test and interferon γ release (IGRA) tests are used.

Steroid hormone receptors, exome sequencing and treatment responsiveness of breast cancer patient-derived xenografts originated in a South American country.

Breast cancer (BC) patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are relevant models for precision medicine. However, there are no collections derived from South American BC patients. Since ethnicity significantly impacts clinical outcomes, it is necessary to develop PDX models from different lineages.

Risk of sarcopenia: A red flag for cognitive decline in postmenopause?

Objective: To determine if the SARC-F tool, used to screen for sarcopenia risk, can also predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool.

Methods: This is a sub-analysis of data from a cross-sectional study carried out in postmenopausal women from Latin America (nine countries) in which sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected, and the SARC-F and MoCA tools administered. From the original sample of 1185 women, analysis was performed only among the 772 with natural menopause.

Outcomes of liposuction techniques for management of lipedema: a case series and narrative review.

Background And Objective: Lipedema is a commonly underdiagnosed chronic condition. This study aimed to evaluate liposuction techniques for lipedema by conducting a systematic review and presenting our experience. A case series study and a comprehensive review were conducted.

A pilot study for continuous non-invasive intracranial pressure screening.

Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a common and critical condition in neurocritical care, often requiring immediate intervention. Current methods for continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring are invasive and costly, limiting their use in resource-limited settings. This study investigates the potential of the electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive alternative for ICP monitoring.

Insect-specific RNA viruses detection in Field-Caught Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Argentina using NGS technology.

Mosquitoes are the primary vectors of arthropod-borne pathogens. Aedes aegypti is one of the most widespread mosquito species worldwide, responsible for transmitting diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya, among other medically significant viruses. Characterizing the array of viruses circulating in mosquitoes, particularly in Aedes aegypti, is a crucial tool for detecting and developing novel strategies to prevent arbovirus outbreaks.

Ultrasound guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block resulting in reduction of dislocated prosthetic hip.

A 78-year-old woman with a prosthetic hip dislocation underwent a pericapsular nerve group block for regional anesthesia. The hip spontaneously reduced before manual intervention, likely due to the block's analgesic and muscle-relaxing effects. Compared to other techniques, this block effectively targets hip innervation while sparing motor function.

Biokinetic gait differences between Hallux valgus patients and asymptomatic subjects.

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is the most prevalent foot condition, associated with a decline in quality of life and a high rate of complications. Pedobarography can be a diagnostic tool, although controversies exist due to differences in measurement scales, type of capture, software, and hardware used. Deformity level differences have not been thoroughly explored.

A Self-supervised Deep Learning Model for Diagonal Sulcus Detection with Limited Labeled Data.

Sulci are a fundamental part of brain morphology, closely linked to brain function, cognition, and behavior. Tertiary sulci, characterized as the shallowest and smallest subtype, pose a challenging task for detection. The diagonal sulcus (ds), located in a crucial area in language processing, has a prevalence between 50% and 60%.

Distinct gut microbial signature and altered short chain fatty acid metabolism at disease onset in a rat preclinical model of superimposed preeclampsia.

Chronic hypertension is an increasingly prevalent condition that constitutes a risk factor for superimposed preeclampsia during pregnancy. In this study, we assessed the gut microbiome in a rat model of superimposed preeclampsia to characterize the microbial signature associated with defective placentation processes identified at the preclinical disease stage. The blood pressure profile, renal function parameters and fetal phenotype were evaluated in pregnant Stroke-prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) and their normotensive controls.

[Position statement on the use of amlodipine during pregnancy. Working Group on Hypertension in Women, Argentine Society of Hypertension].

Pharmacological management of HDP includes agents supported by extensive evidence ensuring their safety for use. Among those traditionally described in the literature are: alpha-methyldopa, labetalol, and sustained-release nifedipine (NIF-RETARD). These drugs, in addition to being compatible with pregnancy, present additional eligibility criteria.

[Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. in a University Hospital in the city of Buenos Aires].

Aeromonas spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause both intra- and extraintestinal infections. The objective of this work was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a collection of Aeromonas strains, in addition to determining their sensitivity to different antimicrobials.

Evidence-based clinical standard for the diagnosis and treatment of candidemia in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit.

Candidemia is the predominant form of invasive candidiasis and the most frequently occurring serious fungal infection in critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Studies carried out in Latin America reveal a higher incidence of candidemia and higher mortality rates when compared to North America or Europe. This highlights the need to develop guidelines for correctly diagnosing and treating candidemia in critically ill patients in the ICU.

[COVID-19 vaccine safety: results of active surveillance at a sentinel site in ArgentinaSegurança das vacinas contra COVID-19: resultados da vigilância ativa em uma unidade sentinela da Argentina].

Objective: To analyze the results of surveillance of adverse events of special interest (AESI) within the context of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign at a sentinel site in Argentina. The retrospective (pre-vaccination) period was compared with the prospective (vaccination) period to identify safety signals.

Methods: Retrospective and prospective search for AESI based on ICD-10 hospital discharge codes.

Therapeutic Efficacy of the Inositol D-Pinitol as a Multi-Faceted Disease Modifier in the 5×FAD Humanized Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Amyloidosis.

Background/objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, lacks effective long-term treatments. Current therapies offer temporary relief or fail to halt its progression and are often inaccessible due to cost. AD involves multiple pathological processes, including amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, insulin resistance, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and systemic inflammation accelerated by gut microbiota dysbiosis originating from a leaky gut.

[Blood pressure patterns in pressurometry and their ralationship with cardiovascular events in follow-up].

IntroducciÓn: Nuestro objetivo fue determinar en una cohorte de pacientes de un hospital de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, cómo fue la distribución de ritmo circadiano y el impacto según el tipo de comportamiento circadiano en la tasa de eventos cardiovasculares en el seguimiento. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó pacientes adultos que se realizaron una presurometría ambulatoria en un hospital de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, incorporados a un registro propio entre marzo de 2017 y julio de 2020, con seguimiento de hasta 36 meses de la presurometría índice.

Resultados: De 522 sujetos, se incluyeron 494 en el análisis final.

and analyses of a novel variant in 6 identified in a family with postlingual non-syndromic hearing loss from Argentina.

Hereditary hearing loss stands as the most prevalent sensory disorder, with over 124 non-syndromic genes and approximately 400 syndromic forms of deafness identified in humans. The clinical presentation of these conditions spans a spectrum, ranging from mild to profound hearing loss. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic cause of hearing loss in a family and functionally validate a novel variant identified in the 6 gene.

Prevalence of celiac disease-specific antibodies and their association with clinical status and environmental factors.

Background And Aims: Celiac disease (CeD) affects 1-2% of the world's population. The aim of this study was to relate the incidence of CeD-related serological markers to symptoms, pathologies, and environmental exposure to wheat flour, given the number of flour mills present in the region.

Materials & Methods: Serum samples were collected from 537 inhabitants from a rural city.