Comprehensive Characterization of Innate and Adaptive Immune Profiles in the Pediatric COVID-19 Convalescent Phase.

Background: Knowledge of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the innate and adaptive immune responses of children is currently lacking. We investigated the immune profile of recovered pediatric patients 3 to 11 weeks after acute COVID-19.

Methods: Children who were previously healthy or had a preexisting chronic disease and had a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/serology were enrolled (n=23).

Association between the self-reported like engaging in physical activity and the physical activity level in patients with peripheral artery disease.

Background: Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) face numerous barriers to engaging in physical activity (PA), such as exercise-induced pain, so it is reasonable to hypothesize that these patients do not like engaging in PA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of self-reported like engaging in PA, as well as whether this factor is associated with higher levels of PA and lower sedentary behavior (SB) in patients with symptomatic PAD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 178 patients with symptomatic PAD who were submitted to a question related to self-reported like engaging in PA and a questionnaire related personal and environmental barriers to PA.

Diagnostic, research, and real-life effect of the 2023 EULAR-ACR classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome.

The role of classification criteria is particularly important in rheumatic diseases compared with other medical disorders, as the complexity and overlapping symptoms of these conditions make diagnosis challenging. Moreover, the absence of established diagnostic criteria further complicates diagnosing patients. Classification criteria can assist health-care professionals and patients as a diagnostic aid.

Incidence and Impact of Structural Valve Deterioration Following TAVI: a Multicenter Real-World Study.

Aims: Valve durability becomes a major issue as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is expanding to populations with longer life expectancy. We sought to i) determine the incidence of structural valve deterioration (SVD), ii) compare the incidence of SVD between balloon-expandable (BE) and self-expandable (SE) valves, and iii) analyze the impact of SVD.

Methods And Results: 2040 patients who underwent TAVI (2007-2020) from 9 centers were included.

Intrinsic capacity and loneliness, according to sex, in an upper-middle income country: insights from the ELSI-Brazil cohort.

Objectives: To investigate the association between loneliness and intrinsic capacity, a multidimensional indicator of healthy ageing, in Brazilians aged ≥50 years.

Method: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 7,123 participants of the nationally representative Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) (2015-2016). Intrinsic capacity (IC) (sensory, mobility, psychological, cognitive, and vitality), was determined using a validated composite z-score (higher scores = better capacity).

Association of obesity and LDL subfractions evaluated by body mass index, waist circumference, and diabetes status: the ELSA-Brasil study.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) comprise a pool of particles with different densities that may have variable impact on atherogenesis. Studies suggest that obese individuals with elevated body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have increased small and dense LDL subfractions (sdLDL-c). It is unclear if diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR) may modify this association.

Loneliness and susceptibility to social pain mediate the association between autistic traits and psychotic experiences in young non-clinical adults.

Understanding of the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in highly autistic individuals is crucial for identifying appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of susceptibility to social pain and loneliness in the relationship between autistic traits (ATs) and PEs in adults from the general population of 12 Arab countries. This cross-sectional study is part of a large-scale multi-country research project.

The Top 100 Most Cited Articles on Anterolateral Ligament: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review.

 To conduct a bibliometric analysis aimed at evaluating the 100 most frequently cited articles concerning the anterolateral ligament (ALL).  A thorough search was executed using the Scopus database with the keyword "Anterolateral Ligament." The analysis incorporated technical notes, systematic reviews focusing on clinical outcomes and/or complications, clinical studies, and foundational scientific articles (both cadaveric and biomechanical).

Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Anteromedial Oblique Ligament Reconstruction Using the Rectus Femoris Tendon: Description of Surgical Technique.

We present a technique for combined anterior cruciate ligament and anteromedial oblique ligament reconstruction using the rectus femoris tendon graft. Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and anteromedial reinforcement are performed with a single rectus femoris graft. The rectus femoris tendon graft is harvested in a reproducible and minimally invasive approach.

Differences of ventilatory muscle recruitment and work of breathing in COPD and interstitial lung disease: clarifications.

https://bit.ly/48k1Cws.

Identifying biomarkers and trajectories of executive functions and language development in the first 3 years of life: Design, methods, and findings of the Germina cohort study.

This paper reports the methods and preliminary findings of Germina, an ongoing cohort study to identify biomarkers and trajectories of executive functions and language development in the first 3 years of life. 557 mother-infant dyads (mean age of mothers 33.7 years, 65.

Efficacy of upadacitinib in subgroups of patients with axial spondyloarthritis with early versus established disease.

Objectives: Early disease activity control with targeted therapies may improve long-term outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Here, we evaluated the efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with axSpA with shorter versus longer symptom durations.

Methods: SELECT-AXIS 1 and 2 studies enrolled patients with radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) naïve to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD-naïve) and with an intolerance or inadequate response to bDMARD therapy.

Disease Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine (RZV or Shingrix) in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Launching a Randomized Phase 4 Study.

Background: Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) are at an increased risk for herpes zoster (HZ). Vaccination is recommended for this population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of vaccination with the recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) in ARD patients, humoral immunogenicity (HI), cellular immunogenicity (CI), and the incidence of HZ.

Coronary computed tomography angiography to predict myocardial injury in patients undergoing high-risk cancer surgery.

Background: Myocardial injury is one of the most common complications after surgery and is associated with increased mortality in high-risk patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative coronary computed tomography angiography can predict the occurrence of myocardial injury in cancer patients undergoing high-risk surgery.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with solid tumors who possessed at least two cardiovascular risk factors and were scheduled for high-risk surgeries between August 2017 and July 2021 were included.

Artificial Intelligence-driven and technological innovations in the diagnosis and management of substance use disorders.

Substance Use Disorders (SUD) lead to a collection of health challenges such as overdoses and clinical diseases. Populations that are vulnerable and lack straightforward treatment access are vulnerable to significant economic and social effects linked to SUD. The ongoing advances in technology, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), promise new ways to reduce the effects of SUD, refine treatment standards, and minimize the risk of relapse through tailored treatment plans.

Copy Number Variations in the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions.

Copy number variations (CNVs) are genetic variants with a known major impact on the development of mental health disorders (MHDs). Here, we aim to characterize CNVs in a Brazilian cohort regarding frequency and inheritance pattern and verify the impact of CNVs previously associated with MHDs on the risk of developing these disorders in the cohort. A total of 2,250 probands and 3,174 parents (897 trios) from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions (BHRCS) were genotyped and CNVs were detected using PennCNV software.

Endomyocardial fibrosis: recent advances and future therapeutic targets.

Endomyocardial fibrosis, first described >75 years ago, is a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy with an unclear aetiopathogenesis that is most commonly found in children and adolescents from tropical regions of Africa, Asia and South America. The epidemiological trends of this cardiomyopathy are difficult to ascertain. The characteristic hallmark of endomyocardial fibrosis is ventricular fibrosis that causes diastolic dysfunction and atrioventricular regurgitation.

Resveratrol Attenuates Fibrosis and Alters Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles and Adipose Tissue Without Reversing Structural Damage.

Resveratrol (RSV) improves metabolic functions, but its tissue-specific effects on diabetes remain unclear. This study investigated RSV's impact on molecular pathways in an experimental model of diabetes in cardiac and skeletal muscles and adipose tissue. Wistar rats were assigned to control (C), control treated with RSV (RC), diabetic (D), and diabetic treated with RSV (RD).

Exploring the Practice of Dual Vaping: Health Risks and Behavioral Patterns in Nicotine and Cannabis E-Cigarette Users.

Background: E-cigarettes, initially designed for nicotine consumption, are now increasingly being used to smoke cannabis, resulting in a growing trend known as "dual vaping". This term describes individuals, referred to as "dual users", who use e-cigarettes for both substances. This study aims to review and analyze existing research on dual vaping, with a focus on the associated health risks and behavioral patterns.

PON-1 and PON-2 Polymorphisms and PON-1 Paraoxonase Activity in People Living with HIV-1.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). However, prolonged ART use is linked to metabolic alterations and oxidative stress. The paraoxonase (PON) enzymes, especially PON-1 and PON-2, are critical in maintaining antioxidant balance.

Factors Associated with Mortality in Nosocomial Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: An ENIRRI Analysis.

: Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (nLRTIs) are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and significant healthcare costs. nLRTIs include hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and other ICU-acquired pneumonia phenotypes. While risk factors for mortality in these infections are critical to guide preventive strategies, it remains unclear whether they vary based on their requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) at any point during the hospitalization.

Neuroleptics used in critical COVID associated with moderate-severe dyspnea after hospital discharge.

Dyspnea is a prominent symptom in patients with long COVID due to its high prevalence and significant clinical impact. However, the influence of commonly used medications in critically ill patients on long-term dyspnea remains unclear. This study aimed to identify risk factors and assess the impacts associated with moderate to severe dyspnea in COVID-19 survivors.

Transcriptomic insights into early mechanisms underlying post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory joint disease.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection often results in a chronic joint condition known as Post-Chikungunya Chronic Inflammatory Joint Disease (pCHIKV-CIJD). This condition disrupts individuals' daily lives and contributes to increased healthcare expenditure. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying pCHIKV-CIJD development by analyzing RNA transcripts, including small RNAs, of whole blood from CHIKV-infected patients.

Distinctive cerebral small vessel disease patterns are associated with ischemic stroke in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increases the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) through a unique interplay of cardiovascular and immune-mediated mechanisms. There is an unmet need of predictors of IS risk and of characterization of the distinctive features of CSVD in patients with SLE.

Objectives: To assess if CSVD is more extensive in patients with SLE and ischemic stroke (IS+) than in those without (IS-); to identify distinctive neuroimaging features of CSVD in patients with SLE.