Isolated microhematuria in potential kidney donors: evaluating kidney biopsy findings with dipstick urinalysis and urine microscopy results.

Background: Isolated microhematuria (IMH) can signal hidden glomerular disease, necessitating detailed evaluations for potential kidney donors, including kidney biopsies. The optimal strategy for deciding on kidney biopsies remains unclear. While the British Transplant Society supports dipstick analysis, KDIGO focuses solely on urine microscopy.

Post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) outcomes in pediatric intensive care unit, experience from a referral center for cellular therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are considered at high risk for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Therefore, this study aimed to assess outcomes and mortality-related risk factors among pediatric HSCT recipients admitted to the PICU.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a Saudi Arabian tertiary care center and involved pediatric patients (aged 4 weeks to 14 years) who underwent HSCTs between January 2015 and December 2019 and were admitted to the PICU.

From Pixels to Prognosis: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Models in Brain Tumour Mutation Prediction.

Brain tumours are a leading cause of death and disability, impacting individuals across all ages, genders, and ethnicities. They are primarily diagnosed using MRI but a precise diagnosis is dependent on the molecular biology of the tumour studied on the pathological specimen. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are forging new paths through diagnostic obstacles, offering the intriguing benefits of non-invasive diagnosis, pattern recognition, and outcome prediction from imaging data.

Insulinoma; a diagnostic challenge: a case report.

Insulinoma is a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour that primarily leads to episodes of hypoglycaemia due to inappropriate and excessive secretion of insulin. It classically presents with neuroglycopenic and autonomic sympathetic symptoms, which resolve promptly with glucose administration. Elevated level of insulin and Cpeptide in the presence of low plasma glucose level and absence of plasma sulfonylurea are diagnostic features.

Adaptive insights: dynamic assessment for speech sound intervention in a child with cleft lip and palate.

Dynamic assessment (DA) is a new approach to evaluating speech and language disorders, focusing on the learning process over static abilities. It involves a test-teach-retest format and uses the mediated learning experience (MLE) to measure a child's modifiability through intervention efforts. This method is especially relevant for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

An Interventional Health Education Study to Transition the General Population's Opinion on Organ Donation From Reluctance to Acceptance.

Introduction: Organ donation refers to the collection of a human organ from a living or deceased donor and its transplantation into a recipient. An organ transplant recipient is a patient with organ failure who will not survive unless he receives a new organ. Although the benefits of organ transplantation are undeniable, there is a significant gap between the number of donors and recipients, as the demand for organs greatly surpasses the available supply.

Pathological Spectrum of Melanoma: A Nine-Year Retrospective Analysis of Tumor Characteristics Across Diverse Anatomic Sites.

Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignancy originating from melanocytes, characterized by its potential to arise in various anatomic locations, both common and rare. The incidence of melanoma has been steadily increasing globally, with variations in clinical presentation, tumor behavior, and prognosis depending on the anatomical site involved. Understanding the diverse pathological spectrum of melanoma is critical for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Unveiling the Malignancy Risk of Surgically Treated Bethesda III Thyroid Nodules: A 10-Year Retrospective Study Comparing Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Histopathology.

Introduction Thyroid malignancy remains a significant global health concern, making the accurate differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules crucial for optimal patient management. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the gold-standard preoperative diagnostic tool, and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology provides a standardized framework for interpretation. This 10-year retrospective study evaluated the malignancy risk in surgically treated patients with thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda Category III by comparing FNAC findings with histopathological outcomes.

Clinico-Dermoscopic Report of Molluscum Dermatitis: A Pearly Puzzle in Focus.

We report an 18-year-old male who presented with a two-month history of a lesion over his right forearm with a one-week history of sudden increase in size associated with pain. General and systemic examinations were normal. Dermatological examination revealed a single tender, well-defined, pearly white to erythematous, dome-shaped nodule of approximately 6mm x 5mm x 5mm with central umbilication and surrounding erythema.

Identifying Drug Prescription in Newly Diagnosed Hypertension Patients in India.

This study evaluated initial antihypertensive drug prescription patterns in Indian healthcare settings. An observational, cross-sectional, prospective prescription registry analyzed prescriptions for 4723 newly diagnosed hypertension patients. Additionally, it investigated the extent to which physicians adhered to either European or Indian hypertension guidelines.

A next-generation sequencing-based universal target panel and algorithm for one-stop detection of copy number alterations and single-nucleotide variations in the HBB gene cluster for rapid diagnosis of β-thalassemia.

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel along with a data analysis algorithm capable of detecting single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) within the beta-globin gene cluster. The aim was to reduce the turnaround time in conventional genotyping methods and provide a rapid and comprehensive solution for prenatal diagnosis, carrier screening, and genotyping of β-thalassemia patients.

Methods And Results: We devised a targeted NGS panel spanning an 80.

Clinician's guide to the management of azoospermia induced by exogenous testosterone or anabolic-androgenic steroids.

Azoospermia, defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate, is a well-documented consequence of exogenous testosterone (ET) and anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use. These agents suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to reduced intratesticular testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis. This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying azoospermia and outlines therapeutic strategies for recovery.

Patterns and trends in burden of asthma and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021 among south Asian countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Objective: Asthma poses a significant health burden in South Asia, with increasing incidence and mortality despite a global decline in age-standardized prevalence rates. This study aims to analyze asthma trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across South Asia. The study also assesses the impact of risk factors like high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and occupational exposures on asthma outcomes.

Unravelling Eribulin's role in metastatic breast cancer: evaluating benefits for both triple negative and non-triple negative patients in real-world scenarios in resource-constrained settings.

Background: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients have numerous options for treatment. However, it is essential to consider treatments with favorable toxicity profiles and convenient modes of administration. Eribulin has shown effectiveness in aggressive MBC, but there is a lack of sufficient real-world data specific to Indian patients.

Assessing Avascular Necrosis Risk and Outcomes After Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Children.

Background Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a serious complication after surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The main objective of this study is to identify the incidence of AVN and to define AVN risk factors. The study also aims to identify the effects of AVN and other factors on final clinical and radiological outcomes.

Burden of rheumatic diseases among people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a prevalent metabolic condition affecting over 500 million people globally and associated with serious comorbidities, including various rheumatologic conditions. Some studies have reported a significant association between rheumatological conditions and DM2. However, the global burden of rheumatological conditions among people with DM2 remains unknown.

Exploring Perceptions and Treatment-Seeking Behaviors for Viral Hepatitis Among the Ethnic Irula Tribe in Tamil Nadu, India: A Qualitative Study on Health Disparities.

Objectives: Qualitative research was undertaken to determine the perceptions and treatment-seeking behaviors of the Irula tribal populations in Tamil Nadu, India, and to explore the depth, diversity, and complexity of viral hepatitis.

Methods: An in-depth interview (IDI) was conducted among the eligible respondents. A purposive sampling technique was used to obtain the study subjects.

Call to action for clinicians in the South-East Asian regions on primary prevention of diabetes in people with prediabetes- A consensus statement.

Primary prevention of diabetes still remains as an unmet challenge in a real world setting. While, translational programmes have been successful in the developed nations, the prevailing social and economic inequities in the low and middle income countries, fail to integrate diabetes prevention into their public health systems. The resulting exponential increase in the prevalence of diabetes and the cost of treatment has put primary prevention in the back seat.

Dosimetric impact of arc simulation angular resolution in single-isocentre multi-target stereotactic radiosurgery.

This study evaluates the dosimetric impact of arc simulation angular resolution in VMAT-based Single Isocentre Multiple Target (SIMT) SRS, focusing on their dependence on target size, isocentre distance, number of arcs, and arc type. A phantom study analysed angular resolution (0.5°, 1°, 2°) effects on dosimetric accuracy for PTVs of 0.