The State of Pediatric Kidney Transplantation in India: A Survey-based Analysis of Practices, Challenges, and Educational Needs.

Background: Technical and immunological advancements have improved patient and graft survival rates in pediatric kidney transplantation (PKT). However, the landscape of PKT in India remains underexplored. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among Indian pediatric surgeons to delineate contemporary trends in PKT.

Double Trouble: A Rare Case of Dual Esophageal Stenosis in a 4-month-old.

Esophageal stenosis is an uncommon clinical condition defined as a fixed narrowing of the esophagus. It can be congenital or acquired. The incidence of congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is 1 in 25,000-50,000 live births.

Chylous Leak after Cystic Hygroma Excision in an Infant: A Rare Postoperative Complication.

Postoperative chylous leak is a rare but serious complication of any head-and-neck surgery. It can lead to metabolic imbalance, prolonged wound healing, wound dehiscence, and hospitalization. We present the case of a 9-month-old girl operated for a left cervical cystic hygroma who had a chylous leak requiring surgical management.

Preoperative Prediction of the Scaphoid Screw Length for the Fixation of Fractures Using MRI Measurements of Finger Phalanges.

Introduction: Scaphoid fractures are one of the most common carpal bone fractures, with most fractures involving the waist. When surgery is indicated, internal fixation with screws is the standard method for the fixation of these fractures. Accurate length and trajectory of the screw are two crucial parameters essential for optimal internal fixation.

Reflect, Revise, Respond and Remember: Recollections of Lessons from My Mentors Based on 17th Dr. K. C. Chaudhuri and Dr. Amala Chaudhuri Oration, on 6th October 2024.

The 48 y as a pediatrician, serving children and families was beyond attending to their presenting complaints. The combined roles as a child health doctor, medical teacher, researcher and administrator were interesting, nevertheless a tightrope walk. The lessons and wisdom that emerged from my learning journey, guided by my esteemed mentors, made me realise that the history and physical examination remain as the foundation of clinical assessment of a well or an ill child, even when we rely on technology to make a diagnosis.

Targeting H3N2 influenza: advancements in treatment and vaccine strategies.

Introduction: The emergence of the H3N2 influenza virus in 1968 marked a significant event as it crossed the species barrier. This shift led to a pandemic, resulting in the deaths of one million people globally and highlighting the virus's severe impact on older individuals due to antigenic drift.

Area Covered: This review comprehensively examines the virological characteristics, evolutionary trends, and global epidemiology of the Influenza A (H3N2) virus.

Abiotrophia defectiva: A Rare Causative Agent of Infective Endocarditis With Severe Complications.

Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium of the heart valves. One of the common neurological complications of IE is the embolization of endocardial vegetation, which can obstruct the cerebral arteries. We describe the case of a 47-year-old male patient who developed neurological symptoms as a complication of IE.

Methylene Blue Spray as a Tool for Safe Thyroidectomy.

Background The complex surgical anatomy and intricate structural arrangement of the thyroid region pose significant challenges for surgeons in identifying the parathyroids and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgeries. Therefore, it is crucial to develop techniques that enhance the identification of these structures and reduce complications during thyroidectomies. Objective This study intends to assess the efficacy and diagnostic value of Methylene Blue dye and its usefulness in identifying, conserving and minimizing injury to parathyroid glands and recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomies.

Identification of Diagnostic and Prognostic Subnetwork Biomarkers for Women with Breast Cancer Using Integrative Genomic and Network-Based Analysis.

Breast cancer remains a major global health concern and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Early detection and effective treatment are essential in improving patient survival. Advances in omics technologies have provided deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer.

Incorporating computer vision on smart phone photographs into screening for inflammatory arthritis: results from an Indian patient cohort.

Background: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly used to classify medical images, few studies utilize smartphone photographs. We assessed CNNs for differentiating patients from controls and detecting joint inflammation.

Methods: We included consecutive patients with early inflammatory arthritis and healthy controls, all examined by a rheumatologist (15% by two).

Beyond the Marrow: Unveiling Uncommon Sites of ALL Relapse with F-FDG PET/CT.

Extramedullary infiltration of acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) to genital organs is extremely rare. Here, we present a case report of an asymptomatic 49-year-old female, known case of precursor B-cell ALL, who was incidentally detected with thickened and heterogeneously hyperechoic endometrium on sonography. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging detected large polypoidal enhancing lesions showing intense diffusion restriction occupying the endometrial cavity and similar lesions in the left adnexa, left ovary, and fallopian tube which were suspicious for leukemic infiltration because of the clinical history and atypical appearance of the lesions.

Trifecta of Tumors: Simultaneous Detection of Three Primary Malignancies by Different Radiotracers of Nuclear Medicine.

Malignancies are increasing worldwide with changing lifestyle, pollution, increasing life expectancy, and diagnostic advancements. However, multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) detected simultaneously are very rare. Here, we present a rare case of three primary malignancies (sigmoid colon, prostate, and thyroid) detected simultaneously in a 77-year-old male patient, who initially presented with bleeding per rectum and was then found to have a large pedunculated mass in the sigmoid colon on colonoscopy, which further turned out to be adenocarcinoma.

Transdermal Ketoprofen Versus Fentanyl Patches for Pain Management Post-cesarean Section: A Comparative, Randomized, Double-Blind Study.

Introduction: Postoperative pain management after a cesarean section is essential to promote mother-infant bonding and ease of breastfeeding. Transdermal patches present a viable alternative to oral medications, offering controlled drug delivery and better bioavailability while avoiding first-pass metabolism, all of which can facilitate smoother recovery and rehabilitation.

Methods: This comparative, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 70 parturients scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, classified as ASA II.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Spectral Doppler Indices and Sonoelastography in Predicting Malignancy in Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System 3 Breast Lesions With Histopathology as the Reference Standard.

Introduction Breast cancer is a significant health concern in India, representing a large portion of all cancers affecting women and ranking as one of the most common cancers overall. Reliable diagnostic tools are essential for accurately predicting malignancy and reducing the need for unnecessary biopsies. A Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System (BI-RADS) 3 designation suggests a low likelihood of cancer, indicating that findings are likely benign.

Radiation Oncology Residency Training in Saudi Arabia: Direction in Attaining Competencies.

Introduction Radiotherapy is a cornerstone in cancer treatment as a part of multidisciplinary team management. The field has evolved significantly over the past two decades due to technological advancement. To meet the increased need for manpower in the field, the radiation oncology residency program was first established in Saudi Arabia back in 2019.

Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting As Isolated Malignant Pleural Effusion: A Case Report.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the clear cell type is the most common form of renal malignancy. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) as the initial presentation of RCC is very rare. This case report presents a case of RCC that initially manifested as a pleural effusion, without the typical symptoms of flank pain, hematuria, or a palpable abdominal mass.

Olmesartan: 360-degree Perspectives Befitting an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker.

India has a high burden of hypertension (HTN), which is often poorly controlled, leading to hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). In the management of HTN, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) assume prime importance, being first-line agents for most patient subgroups. Olmesartan is a highly efficacious ARB that demonstrates sustained blood pressure (BP) reduction over 24 hours.

TERT promoter mutations in gliomas: Molecular roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic targeting, and drug resistance.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a critical player in cellular immortalization, has emerged as a focal point of investigation due to its frequent promoter mutations in various human malignancies. TERT promoter mutations exhibit a significant role in tumorigenesis, fostering unbridled cellular proliferation and survival. This comprehensive review delves into the landscape of TERT promoter mutations and their profound implications in cancer, particularly within the context of gliomas.