Understanding the Mechanism of Ferroptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative disorders are typified by the progressive degeneration and subsequent apoptosis of neuronal cells. They encompass a spectrum of conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), epilepsy, brian ischemia, brian injury, and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Despite the considerable heterogeneity in their clinical presentation, pathophysiological underpinning and disease trajectory, a universal feature of these disorders is the functional deterioration of the nervous system concomitant with neuronal apoptosis.

Case Report: Thoracoscopic treatment of infradiaphragmatic pulmonary sequestration and intrathoracic kidney associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: Congenital pulmonary sequestration is a rare lung anomaly that can be classified as intralobar pulmonary sequestration or extralobar lung sequestration (ELS). Infradiaphragmatic pulmonary sequestration is a rare type of ELS. Furthermore, intrathoracic kidney (ITK) is a rare disease that can be associated with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CHD) in 0.

Association of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) respiration chain genes with hyper-transmission.

Background: The respiratory chain plays a key role in the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). However, the exact regulatory mechanisms of this system still need to be elucidated, and only a few studies have investigated the impact of genetic mutations within the respiratory chain on MTBC transmission. This study aims to explore the impact of respiratory chain gene mutations on the global spread of MTBC.

New insights into the function and mechanisms of piRNA PMLCPIR in promoting PM-induced lung cancer.

Introduction: Extensive studies have established the correlation between long-term PM exposure and lung cancer, yet the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a novel category of small non-coding RNAs, serve important roles in various diseases. However, their biological function and mechanism in PM-induced lung cancer have not been thoroughly investigated.

Targeted agents plus CHOP compared with CHOP as the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (GUIDANCE-03): an open-label, multicentre phase 2 clinical trial.

Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous disease with dismal outcomes. We conducted an open-label, phase 2 nonrandomised, externally controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of targeted agents plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) (CHOPX) for PTCL in the front-line setting.

Methods: Eligible patients were ≥18 years of age and newly diagnosed PTCL.

A unique technique for thoracoabdominal aortic repair for 10 years: Normothermic iliac perfusion.

Background: The modality of thoracoabdominal aortic repair (TAAR) is mainly based on left heart bypass (LHB) in western countries, while in our team, it is mainly based on a unique technique, normothermic iliac perfusion, and there is a lack of systematic reports and long-term results. To describe the operative technique and summarize the patient characteristics and outcomes of TAAR with normothermic iliac perfusion in our team in the last decade. Meanwhile, to explore the influence of different previous surgical history on prognosis.

Circulating Exosomal Transfer RNA-Related Fragments as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments [exo-tRF] possess the capacity to be employed as biomarkers for several types of cancer. We aim to ascertain the diagnostic significance of exosomal 5'tRF-TyrGTA and 5'tRF-ValTAC in non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC].

Methods: Ultracentrifugation was deployed to obtain serum exosomes from NSCLC patients and healthy donors.

Radiomics analysis in predicting vascular invasion in gastric cancer based on enhanced CT: a preliminary study.

Background: Vascular invasion (VI) is closely related to the metastasis, recurrence, prognosis, and treatment of gastric cancer. Currently, predicting VI preoperatively using traditional clinical examinations alone remains challenging. This study aims to explore the value of radiomics analysis based on preoperative enhanced CT images in predicting VI in gastric cancer.

Toxin-antitoxin system gene mutations driving transmission revealed by whole genome sequencing.

Background: The toxin-antitoxin (TA) system plays a vital role in the virulence and pathogenicity of (). However, the regulatory mechanisms and the impact of gene mutations on transmission remain poorly understood.

Objective: To investigate the influence of gene mutations in the toxin-antitoxin system on transmission dynamics.

Effect of abdominal adipose tissue glucose uptake on brain aging.

Introduction: Abdominal adipose tissue (AT) mass has adverse effects on the brain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of glucose uptake by abdominal AT on brain aging.

Methods: Three-hundred twenty-five participants underwent total-body positron emission tomography scan.

Efficacy and safety of autologous platelet-rich plasma in anal fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of autologous PRP in anal fistula.

Methods: The search was done in electronic databases such as; PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The outcomes investigated in this study were the rate of improvement, the rate of recurrence, and the rate of fecal incontinence.

Retrospective, observational study of different medication regimens and outcome in children with cough variant asthma.

Objective: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study aimed to explore the best therapeutic regimen and treatment duration of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children.

Methods: A total of 314 children with CVA were divided into receive inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) group, ICS combined with leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) group, ICS monotherapy group and LTRA monotherapy group. All clinical data were statistically analyzed.

[Analysis of clinical characteristics and variant of NKX2-1 gene in a Chinese boy with Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome].

Objective: To carry out clinical and genetic analysis for a child featuring Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome (BLTS).

Methods: A child who had presented at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University on May 27, 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data was collected.

Emphasis on the importance of comprehensive clinical and genetic analysis - spinal muscular atrophy combined with phenylketonuria: A case report.

Rationale: Both spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Phenylketonuria (PKU) are caused by biallelic pathogenic mutations. However, there has been no report on case who suffering from both diseases simultaneously. SMA mainly affects the motor function while PKU may have an impact on both the intelligence and motor function.

Diagnostic significance of serum levels of serum amyloid A, procalcitonin, and high-mobility group box 1 in identifying necrotising enterocolitis in newborns.

Background: Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a critical gastrointestinal emergency affecting premature and low-birth-weight neonates. Serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT), and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) have emerged as potential biomarkers for NEC due to their roles in inflammatory response, tissue damage, and immune regulation.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic value of SAA, PCT, and HMGB1 in the context of NEC in newborns.

Establishment of a transgene-free iPS cell line (SDCHi008-A) from a young patient bearing a KCNQ2 mutation and suffering from Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease which has affected ∼ 65 million people worldwide. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from a young patient patient bearing a KCNQ2 gene mutation and suffering from Epilepsy verified by clinical and genetic diagnosis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were established by a non-integrative method, using plasmids carrying OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, BCL-XL and C-MYC.

Efficacy and safety of an oral combination therapy of niraparib and etoposide in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer: a single arm, prospective, phase II study.

Objective: Non-platinum chemotherapy is used in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients but offers limited efficacy, especially in those who develop platinum resistance after ≤2 lines of platinum based chemotherapy. This phase II study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral niraparib plus etoposide in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer.

Methods: Platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients after ≤2 lines of platinum based chemotherapy, histologically confirmed as non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer, regardless of biomarker status, were eligible.

Rare primary squamous cell carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile duct: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tree and has a poor prognosis. Adenocarcinoma is the most common pathological type of cholangiocarcinomas, but rare squamous, adenosquamous, and mucinous variants have been reported without adequate clinical data.

Case Summary: This report describes a rare case of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the intrahepatic bile duct.