Structural and functional alterations in the brains of patients with anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia: a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children and can persist into adulthood in the absence of effective intervention. Previous clinical and neuroimaging studies have suggested that the neural mechanisms underlying strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia may be different. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating brain alterations in patients with these two subtypes of amblyopia; this study is registered with PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42022349191).

Postoperative pulmonary complications in older patients undergoing elective surgery with a supraglottic airway device or tracheal intubation.

The two most commonly used airway management techniques during general anaesthesia are supraglottic airway devices and tracheal tubes. In older patients undergoing elective non-cardiothoracic surgery under general anaesthesia with positive pressure ventilation, we hypothesised that a composite measure of in-hospital postoperative pulmonary complications would be less frequent when a supraglottic airway device was used compared with a tracheal tube. We studied patients aged ≥ 70 years in 17 clinical centres.

Lifestyle patterns, genetic susceptibility, and risk of valvular heart disease: a prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank.

Aims: Genetic and lifestyle factors are both major contributors to valvular heart disease (VHD). However, it is still uncertain whether genetic susceptibility alters the association between lifestyle and VHD. We aimed to investigate the association between lifestyle and VHD in different genetic risk backgrounds.

Detecting delirium: a systematic review of ultrabrief identification instruments for hospital patients.

Objective: Early identification of delirium, which often occurs in older patients, can effectively reduce adverse prognoses. One way to increase the detection rate of delirium is to use an effective ultrabrief instrument for higher-frequency screening. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrabrief screening tools for delirium.

A review of numerical simulation in transcatheter aortic valve replacement decision optimization.

Background: Recent trials indicated a further expansion of clinical indication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement to younger and low-risk patients. Factors related to longer-term complications are becoming more important for use in these patients. Accumulating evidence indicates that numerical simulation plays a significant role in improving the outcome of transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Phase II trial of delta-tocotrienol in neoadjuvant breast cancer with evaluation of treatment response using ctDNA.

Neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer is applied to an increasing extent, but treatment response varies and side effects pose a challenge. The vitamin E isoform delta-tocotrienol might enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce the risk of side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of delta-tocotrienol combined with standard neoadjuvant treatment and the possible association between detectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) during and after neoadjuvant treatment with pathological treatment response.

Development and validation of a risk assessment scale for pathological scarring.

To develop a risk assessment scale for pathological scarring and validate its psychometric properties. This was a methodological study. Researchers developed the scale based on a literature review, qualitative study and Delphi expert consultation.

Case Report: Pancreatic and hepatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma presenting as consumptive coagulopathy and right hepatic atrophy.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor that causes progressive angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which often occurs in the skin or soft tissue, with an acute onset and rapid progression. A 4-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a 2-year history of thrombocytopenia, combined with right hepatic atrophy and pancreatic lesion for 3 months. At the age of two, she developed purpura and thrombocytopenia was detected, after treatment with gamma globulin and corticosteroids, the platelet count normalized, but it dropped immediately at lower doses.

Novel Isotope-Labeled Derivatization Strategy for the Simultaneous Analysis of Fatty Acids and Fatty Alcohols and Its Application in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies and Pancreatic Cancer.

Fatty acids (FAs) and fatty alcohols (FOHs) are essential compounds for maintaining life. Due to the inherent poor ionization efficiency, low abundance, and complex matrix effect, such metabolites are challenging to precisely quantify and explore deeply. In this study, a pair of novel isotope derivatization reagents known as d0/d5-1-(2-oxo-2-(piperazin-1-yl) ethyl) pyridine-1-ium (d0/d5-OPEPI) were designed and synthesized, and an in-depth screening strategy for FAs and FOHs was established based on d0/d5-OPEPI coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS).

Testicular torsion diagnosis and injury assessment using photoacoustic oxygenation imaging.

Testicular torsion (TT) is a medical emergency that requires immediate diagnostic evaluation. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has the potential to provide spatially resolved oxygen saturation (sO), which can serve as a valuable marker in TT diagnosis. We investigated the potential of PAI as an alternative method for TT diagnosis and testicular injury assessment.

Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Optimizable Risk Factor for Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Elective Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Whether symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (sBPH), which is common among middle-aged and older men, affects the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains controversial. The present study explored this question among men undergoing total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical data from 948 men who underwent primary TKA or THA at our institution between 2010 and 2021.

Relationship between self-management of patients with anxiety disorders and their anxiety level and quality of life: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between self-management and anxiety and quality of life in patients with anxiety disorders and to understand whether self-management can influence the relationship between anxiety and quality of life and provide a basis for improving their anxiety and quality of life.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 245 patients with anxiety disorders in West China Hospital of Sichuan University was conducted using the Self-Management of Anxiety Disorders Scale, Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BBREF. The data were then analyzed using descriptive tests and Pearson correlation in SPSS 25.

FAM46C-mediated tumor heterogeneity predicts extramedullary metastasis and poorer survival in multiple myeloma.

Cancers originate from a single cell according to Nowell's theory of clonal evolution. The enrichment of the most aggressive clones has been developed and the heterogeneity arises for genomic instability and environmental selection. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a multiple relapse plasma cell cancer generated from bone marrow.

The relationship between physical activity in early pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a cohort study in Chinese women.

Background: We aimed to examine prospective associations between different intensities and different types of physical activity (PA) in early pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) among Chinese women.

Methods: A total of 6,820 pregnant women from the Tongji-Shuangliu Birth Cohort were included in this study. The pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) was used to assess PA, including household/caregiving, occupational, sports/exercise, and transportation activities in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Trifluridine-Tipiracil and Bevacizumab in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: In a previous phase 3 trial, treatment with trifluridine-tipiracil (FTD-TPI) prolonged overall survival among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Preliminary data from single-group and randomized phase 2 trials suggest that treatment with FTD-TPI in addition to bevacizumab has the potential to extend survival.

Methods: We randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, adult patients who had received no more than two previous chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer to receive FTD-TPI plus bevacizumab (combination group) or FTD-TPI alone (FTD-TPI group).

Efficacy of laser interstitial thermal therapy for biopsy-proven radiation necrosis in radiographically recurrent brain metastases.

Background: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in the setting of post-SRS radiation necrosis (RN) for patients with brain metastases has growing evidence for efficacy. However, questions remain regarding hospitalization, local control, symptom control, and concurrent use of therapies.

Methods: Demographics, intraprocedural data, safety, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and survival data were prospectively collected and then analyzed on patients who consented between 2016-2020 and who were undergoing LITT for biopsy-proven RN at one of 14 US centers.

Integrated analysis of multi-omics data reveals T cell exhaustion in sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a heterogeneous disease, therefore the single-gene-based biomarker is not sufficient to fully understand the disease. Higher-level biomarkers need to be explored to identify important pathways related to sepsis and evaluate their clinical significance.

Methods: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze the sepsis transcriptome to obtain the pathway-level expression.

Enhanced nuclear translation is associated with proliferation and progression across multiple cancers.

Recent technological advances have re-invigorated the interest in nuclear translation (NT), but the underlying mechanisms and functional implications of NT remain unknown. Here we show that NT is enhanced in malignant cancer cells and is associated with rapid cell growth. Nuclear ribopuromycylation analyses in a panel of diverse cell lines revealed that NT is scarce in normal immortalized cells, but is ubiquitous and robust in malignant cancer cells.

Effect of glenohumeral ligaments on posterior shoulder stabilization: a biomechanical study.

Objectives: To theoretically confirm that the glenohumeral ligament (GHL), specifically the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL), plays an important role in posterior shoulder stability in different postures, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder instability (PSI).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, bone-ligament-bone models were established in 15 fresh adult shoulder joint specimens and selective cutting was performed for analysis. The humeral head was loaded posteriorly at a central pressure of 22N using the INSTRON8874 biomechanical testing system and the load-displacement curve was plotted.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for COPD in an Urbanizing Rural Area in Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a rural area in western China with severe air pollution.

Patients And Methods: 10% of local residents aged 40 years and above were included using a convenience sampling method. This was a cross-sectional study.

Liraglutide combined with metformin treatment for obese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To assess clinical efficacy and safety of liraglutide combined with metformin (LMT) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (ODP) by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CNKI, and VIP databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through January 1, 2015 to investigate the effectiveness of liraglutide combined with metformin treatment (LMT) in obesity patients with type 2 diabetes (ODP). Meta-analysis (using generic inverse variance random effects model) was performed when there were two or more studies reporting on the same evaluation indicators.

Temporal Proteomic and Lipidomic Profiles of Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis Reveal Novel Insights for Metabolic Alterations in the Disease Pathogenesis.

The pathophysiological mechanisms of acute pancreatitis (AP) are complex and have remained a mystery to date, but metabolism is gradually recognized as an important driver of AP onset and development. We used a cerulein-induced AP mouse model to conduct liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based time-course proteomics and lipidomics in order to better understand the underlying metabolic alterations linked with AP. Results showed that a series of significant changes in proteins over time with a boost in expression were enriched in lipase activity, lipoprotein, and lipids absorption and transport regulation.

Predictors of Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Older Adults With Apnea and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Almost 60% of adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may delay cognitive decline, but CPAP adherence is often suboptimal. In this study, we report predictors of CPAP adherence in older adults with aMCI who have increased odds of progressing to dementia, particularly due to Alzheimer's disease.

Identifying and mapping individual medicinal plant Lamiophlomis rotata at high elevations by using unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning.

Background: The identification and enumeration of medicinal plants at high elevations is an important part of accurate yield calculations. However, the current assessment of medicinal plant reserves continues to rely on field sampling surveys, which are cumbersome and time-consuming. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and deep learning (DL) have provided ultrahigh-resolution imagery and high-accuracy object recognition techniques, respectively, providing an excellent opportunity to improve the current manual surveying of plants.