Usefulness of ultrasound for treatment and follow-up of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Purpose: Local therapy is the preferred option of treatment for most cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL); however, local therapy could be challenging, depth and size of the skin lesions are not always clinically evident and treatment response evaluation could occasionally be misleading. High frequency ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging tool which allows initial depth assessment ultrasound-guided infiltrations and ultrasound monitoring until resolution.

Methods: We present two cases of CL treated with ultrasound-guided infiltrations and ultrasound monitoring until resolution.

Association between telomere length, frailty and death in older adults.

Frailty is considered a clinical marker of functional ageing. Telomere length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age but its role in human ageing is controversial. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the longitudinal association of TL with incident frailty and mortality in two cohorts of Spanish community-dwelling older adults.

Low relative mechanical power in older adults: An operational definition and algorithm for its application in the clinical setting.

Introduction: The assessment and treatment of low relative muscle power in older people has received little attention in the clinical setting when compared to sarcopenia. Our main goal was to assess the associations of low relative power and sarcopenia with other negative outcomes in older people.

Methods: The participants were 1189 subjects (54% women; 65-101 years old) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.

Intradermal Phleum pratense allergoid immunotherapy. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: In allergology, the intradermal approach is generally used to establish an aetiological diagnosis, with limited experience in specific allergen immunotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy with an allergen extract of glutaraldehyde-polymerized Phleum pratense, administered intradermally, in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to grass pollen.

Methods: Multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients from 12 to 65 years of age with rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, with or without asthma, due to grass pollen allergy.

Urinary metabolic signatures reflect cardiovascular risk in the young, middle-aged, and elderly populations.

The predictive value of traditional cardiovascular risk estimators is limited, and young and elderly populations are particularly underrepresented. We aimed to investigate the urine metabolome and its association with cardiovascular risk to identify novel markers that might complement current estimators based on age. Urine samples were collected from 234 subjects categorized into three age-grouped cohorts: 30-50 years (cohort I, young), 50-70 years (cohort II, middle-aged), and > 70 years (cohort III, elderly).

Impact of nutritional status according to GLIM criteria on the risk of incident frailty and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

Background & Aims: Poor nutritional status leads to multiple adverse outcomes, but few studies have assessed its role as a risk factor for incident frailty and death in community-dwelling older adults. Hence, the aim of this paper is to assess the role of nutritional status using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in the risk of frailty and mortality in Spanish community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: We used data from two waves (waves 2 (2011-2013) and 3 (2015-2017)) from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing, which is an observational, prospective cohort (average follow-up = 3.

Identification and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Normal and Pathological Mast Cells.

Mast cells (MCs) are secretory cells that are central players in human allergic disease and immune responses. With the exception of a few pathological situations, MCs are usually present at relatively low frequencies in most tissues. Since their first description, MCs in tissues were identified mostly using their morphological characteristics and their typical coloration when stained with aniline dyes.

Real-life study of the effectiveness of a high calorie and high protein formula in the maintenance and improvement of nutritional state in patients with an indication of long-term enteral nutrition.

Unlabelled: The selection of the most appropriate formula in long-term home enteral nutrition is a controversial issue. Our objective was to study a high protein hypercaloric enteral nutrition formula in patients with long-term feeding (180 days).

Methods: Prospective observational multicenter real-life study with high-protein hypercaloric formula (2kcal/ml and 20% protein).

Breaking Sedentary Time Predicts Future Frailty in Inactive Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model.

Background: Cross-sectional evidence exists on the beneficial effects of breaks in sedentary time (BST) on frailty in older adults. Nonetheless, the longitudinal nature of these associations is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the direction and temporal order of the association between accelerometer-derived BST and frailty over time in older adults.

Risk and management of patients with mastocytosis and MCAS in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic: Expert opinions.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic has massively distorted our health care systems and caused catastrophic consequences in our affected communities. The number of victims continues to increase, and patients at risk can only be protected to a degree, because the virulent state may be asymptomatic. Risk factors concerning COVID-19-induced morbidity and mortality include advanced age, an impaired immune system, cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cancer treated with chemotherapy.

Novel molecular plasma signatures on cardiovascular disease can stratify patients throughout life.

Several models are available to calculate the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in mid-life. The estimation of lifetime risk in the long-term remains an unmet clinical need. We previously identified new molecular plasma signatures for cardiovascular risk stratification in a young population (30-50-years old).

Systemic Mastocytosis: Following the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Roadmap.

Systemic mastocytosis is a rare and heterogeneous disease characterized by mast cell proliferation and activation. KIT is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase which plays a key role in mast cell growth, differentiation and survival. After interaction with its ligand, the stem cell factor, KIT dimerizes activating downstream pathways involving multiple tyrosine kinases (PI3K, JAK/STAT, RAS/ERK).

Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels.

Frailty is associated with poor bone health and osteoporosis, and physical activity (PA) is one of the best treatments for both pathologies in older adults. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, how the time is distributed during the waking hours is critical. The waking hours are spent according to different movement behaviors: sedentary behaviors (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Frailty Trait Scale-Short Form: A Frailty Instrument for Clinical Practice.

Objectives: To develop short versions of the Frailty Trait Scale (FTS) for use in clinical settings.

Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.

Setting And Participants: Data from 1634 participants from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.

Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross-lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.

Background: There has been limited longitudinal assessment of the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with frailty, and no studies have explored the possibility of reverse causality. This study aimed to determine the potential bidirectionality of the relationship between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, SB, and frailty over time in older adults.

Methods: Participants were from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.

International prognostic scoring system for mastocytosis (IPSM): a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The WHO classification separates mastocytosis into distinct variants, but prognostication remains a clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to improve prognostication for patients with mastocytosis.

Methods: We analysed data of the registry of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis including 1639 patients (age 17-90 years) diagnosed with mastocytosis according to WHO criteria between Jan 12, 1978, and March 16, 2017.

Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers.

Background: Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been suggested to independently affect a number of health outcomes. To what extent different combinations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour may influence physical function and frailty outcomes in older adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the combination of mutually exclusive categories of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time on physical function and frailty in older adults.

Associations of fat-soluble micronutrients and redox biomarkers with frailty status in the FRAILOMIC initiative.

Background: A poor fat-soluble micronutrient (FMN) and a high oxidative stress status are associated with frailty. Our aim was to determine the cross-sectional association of FMNs and oxidative stress biomarkers [protein carbonyls (PrCarb) and 3-nitrotyrosine] with the frailty status in participants older than 65 years.

Methods: Plasma levels of vitamins A (retinol), D , E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) and carotenoids (α-carotene and β-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin), PrCarb, and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured in 1450 individuals of the FRAILOMIC initiative.

[Cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent elderly patient].

Gastrointestinal tract involvement due to cytomegalovirus infection is a condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, but is uncommon in immunocompetent patients. In a review of 33 cases, the median age was 68 years, and the accompanying symptoms were diarrhoea (76%), abdominal pain (52%), and haematochezia, or melena (27%) The case is presented of ctyomegalovirus colitis in an 85 year-old man with no previously identified immunocompromised states.

Homocysteine and C-Reactive Protein Levels Are Associated With Frailty in Older Spaniards: The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) are inflammation markers but are also related to cardiovascular diseases, disability, or higher risk of death. Although inflammation is considered to be associated with frailty, data regarding the association between hsCRP or Hcy and frailty are controversial or scarce, especially with respect to their association with prefrailty. Thus, our objective was to study the association of hsCRP and Hcy with prefrailty and frailty in 1,211 Spanish men and women aged 65-98 years from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (TSHA) cohort, classified according to Fried's criteria.