Estimating Exposome Score for Schizophrenia Using Predictive Modeling Approach in Two Independent Samples: The Results From the EUGEI Study.

Exposures constitute a dense network of the environment: exposome. Here, we argue for embracing the exposome paradigm to investigate the sum of nongenetic "risk" and show how predictive modeling approaches can be used to construct an exposome score (ES; an aggregated score of exposures) for schizophrenia. The training dataset consisted of patients with schizophrenia and controls, whereas the independent validation dataset consisted of patients, their unaffected siblings, and controls.

Quality of life, coping, and psychological and physical symptoms after surgery for non-metastatic digestive tract cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of curative surgery for non-metastatic digestive tract cancers on quality of life (QoL), psychological status, and coping strategies.

Methods: A prospective, transversal, multicenter study was conducted in 404 patients: 361 with colorectal, 44 with gastroesophageal, and 35 with pancreaticobiliary cancer six months after surgery. Participants completed questionnaires evaluating QoL, including functioning (EORTC-QLC-C30), coping strategies (Mini-MAC), and psychological distress (BSI-18).

Capecitabine safety profile, innovative and generic adjuvant formulation of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer.

Objective: To analyze adverse reactions in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer due to treatment with either innovative  or generic capecitabine and/or to the chemotherapeutic regimen  employed, to the capecitabine alone, or in combination with oxaliplatin  (XELOX).

Method: Descriptive retrospective study carried out in a secondary level hospital in two study periods (November 2013-April 2014 and  August 2016-May 2017). The collected variables were: exposure  (chemotherapy scheme and/or received medication), control  (demographics, disease and treatment data), and response (adverse  reactions).

Progression of the functional deficit in a group of patients with bipolar disorder: a cluster analysis based on longitudinal data.

We aimed to examine the trajectory of psychosocial functioning in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) throughout a 5-year follow-up. Ninety-nine euthymic bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) were included. A neurocognitive assessment (17 neurocognitive measures grouped in 6 domains) was carried out at baseline.

Replicated evidence that endophenotypic expression of schizophrenia polygenic risk is greater in healthy siblings of patients compared to controls, suggesting gene-environment interaction. The EUGEI study.

Background: First-degree relatives of patients with psychotic disorder have higher levels of polygenic risk (PRS) for schizophrenia and higher levels of intermediate phenotypes.

Methods: We conducted, using two different samples for discovery (n = 336 controls and 649 siblings of patients with psychotic disorder) and replication (n = 1208 controls and 1106 siblings), an analysis of association between PRS on the one hand and psychopathological and cognitive intermediate phenotypes of schizophrenia on the other in a sample at average genetic risk (healthy controls) and a sample at higher than average risk (healthy siblings of patients). Two subthreshold psychosis phenotypes, as well as a standardised measure of cognitive ability, based on a short version of the WAIS-III short form, were used.

The complexity of classifying ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis in actual clinical practice: data from a multicenter retrospective survey.

The different sets of criteria for diagnosis or classification of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) lead to numerous overlapping and reclassified diagnoses in clinical practice. We designed this study to assess the difficulties in classifying patients with AAV. As a secondary objective, different variables were tested to predict prognosis.

[Adequacy and effect of preventive antiepileptic treatment after a first epileptic seizure 30 days after discharge from hospital emergency departments: the ACESUR registry].

Aim: To evaluate the adequacy and effect of preventive antiepileptic treatment in adult patients with the first epileptic seizure in adverse outcomes at 30 days after discharge from the hospital emergency department (HED).

Patients And Methods: ACESUR was an observational registry of multipurpose, prospective and multicentric cohorts with a systematic sampling. Phone follow-up was done at 30 days.

Premorbid Adjustment and IQ in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis: A Multisite Case-Control Study of Their Relationship With Cannabis Use.

Psychotic patients with a lifetime history of cannabis use generally show better cognitive functioning than other psychotic patients. Some authors suggest that cannabis-using patients may have been less cognitively impaired and less socially withdrawn in their premorbid life. Using a dataset comprising 948 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 1313 population controls across 6 countries, we examined the extent to which IQ and both early academic (Academic Factor [AF]) and social adjustment (Social Factor [SF]) are related to the lifetime frequency of cannabis use in both patients and controls.

Adults discharged after an epileptic seizure: a model of 30-day risk for adverse outcomes.

Objectives: To develop a risk model to predict adverse outcomes within 30 days of discharge in adults attended by hospital emergency departments for an epileptic seizure.

Methods: ACESUR (Acute Epileptic Seizures in the Emergency Department) is a prospective multicenter, multipurpose registry of cases obtained by systematic sampling. We made follow-up telephone calls to registered patients 30 days after discharge.

MCCB cognitive profile in Spanish first episode schizophrenia patients.

The objective of the study was to examine the cognitive profile of Spanish patients with a first episode of schizophrenia (FESz) and to compare that to the profile of patients with a chronic schizophrenia (CSz) and non-psychiatric (NP) control subjects. The study included 106 FESz, 293 CSz, and 210 NP, assessed with the Spanish version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The MCCB cognitive profile in a Spanish sample of FESz was similar to the cognitive profile of CSz with some discrepancies in select domains.

Comparative Effect of Low-Glycemic Index versus High-Glycemic Index Breakfasts on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effect of High-Glycemic Index (GI) versus Low-GI breakfasts on cognitive functions, including memory and attention, of children and adolescents. We systematically searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases, from their inception until June 2019. Articles comparing the effect of Low-GI versus High-GI breakfasts on the cognitive function (i.

Early Parental Death and Risk of Psychosis in Offspring: A Six-Country Case-Control Study.

Evidence for early parental death as a risk factor for psychosis in offspring is inconclusive. We analyzed data from a six-country, case-control study to examine the associations of early parental death, type of death (maternal, paternal, both), and child's age at death with psychosis, both overall and by ethnic group. In fully adjusted multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models, experiencing early parental death was associated with 1.

[Care of adult patients with epileptic seizure in emergency departments (ACESUR Registry). Differences according to age ≥75 years].

Objectives: To determine whether there are differences in the profile and in the care of adult patients with epileptic seizures in emergency department according to age ≥75 years, and if this is independently associated with results in the emergency department and 30 days after discharge.

Material And Methods: ACESUR is a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort multipurpose register that was carried out in 2017. The distribution of the variables corresponding to the clinical presentation and care according to age ≥75 years were compared.

[Cardiovascular safety of the recreational use of cannabis associated to sildenafil: Systematic review].

Objectives: The recreational use of drugs of abuse associated to therapeutically used drugs in sexual contexts forces the health care professional to know the possibility of drug-drug interactions among them. The aim of this review is updating the available information on cardiovascular safety of recreational use of sildenafil and cannabis.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search in databases PubMed, PreMedline, Medline, Embase, ChemID, HSRPROJ, POPLINE and TOXLINE, from the start of the databases until to March 1, 2018 was made.

Examining the independent and joint effects of molecular genetic liability and environmental exposures in schizophrenia: results from the EUGEI study.

Schizophrenia is a heritable complex phenotype associated with a background risk involving multiple common genetic variants of small effect and a multitude of environmental exposures. Early twin and family studies using proxy-genetic liability measures suggest gene-environment interaction in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the molecular evidence is scarce. Here, by analyzing the main and joint associations of polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) and environmental exposures in 1,699 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 1,542 unrelated controls with no lifetime history of a diagnosis of those disorders, we provide further evidence for gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia.

Digital Technology for Internet Access by Patients With Early-Stage Schizophrenia in Spain: Multicenter Research Study.

Background: Digital technology and social networks are part of everyday life in the current internet age, especially among young people. To date, few studies have been published worldwide on the pattern of use of digital technology devices and applications in patients with early-stage schizophrenia and even fewer comparing them with healthy participants (not using data from general population surveys) from the same demographic areas. In Spain, no such study has been carried out.

Differences in Chemosensitivity to Anthracyclines in First Line Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: Induction schedules in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are based on combinations of cytarabine and anthracyclines. The choice of the anthracycline employed has been widely studied in multiple clinical trials showing similar complete remission rates.

Materials And Methods: Using an test we have analyzed if a subset of AML patients may respond differently to cytarabine combined with idarubicin, daunorubicin or mitoxantrone.

HIV infection does not increase the risk of liver complications in hepatitis C virus-infected patient with advanced fibrosis, after sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals.

Objective: To assess the impact of HIV coinfection on the risk of developing liver-related complications in HCV-infected patients with advanced fibrosis treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) after sustained virological response (SVR).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Multicenter.

MOVI-daFIT! Intervention: Rationale and design of a cluster randomized controlled trial testing the effects on improving adiposity, cognition, and subclinical atherosclerosis by increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in children.

Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs have demonstrated positive effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic parameters, but their impact on other health parameters (such as body mass and fat) and cognition remains unclear. This paper presents the rationale and methods of a HIIT after-school physical activity (PA) intervention (MOVI-daFIT!) on reducing fat mass and cardiovascular risk, and improving physical fitness, executive function, and academic achievement among children aged 9 to 11 years old.

Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), including 10 schools from Cuenca province, Spain, was designed.

The best approach to treat concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones. Is ERCP still needed?

The authors analyze what should be the best approach to treat patients who had concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones (CBDS). Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) appears to be an atractive way to cure all kind of biliary stones in a single procedure. However, when scientific literature is reviewed most patients continue to need from ERCP for CBDS removal.

Emotional functioning to screen for psychological distress in breast and colorectal cancer patients prior to adjuvant treatment initiation.

Introduction: The objective was to analyze the usefulness of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) EF subscale to detect emotional problems in patients with breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and EORTC-QLQ-C30.

Real World Patient-reported Outcomes in HIV-infected Adults Switching to EVIPLERA®, Because of a Previous Intolerance to cART. PRO-STR Study.

Background: To investigate the impact of switching from stable Combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) to single-tablet regimen (RPV/FTC/TDF=EVIPLERA® /COMPLERA®) on patient- reported outcomes in HIV-infected adults who cannot tolerate previous cART, in a real-world setting.

Methods: PRO-STR is a 48-week observational, prospective, multicenter study. Presence and magnitude of symptoms (main endpoint), health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), adherence, satisfaction with treatment and patient preferences were assessed.