Treatment of Comorbid Alcohol Dependence and Anxiety Disorder: Review of the Scientific Evidence and Recommendations for Treatment.

Patients with alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders (AnxDs). "Co-occurring disorders" refers to the coexistence of an AUD and/or drug related disorders with another non-addictive psychiatric disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of psychopharmacological treatments and psychotherapy in patients with AUD and AnxD and to propose recommendations for the treatment of patients with comorbid AnxDs and AUDs.

Randomized prospective study evaluating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate prophylaxis against hepatitis B virus reactivation in anti-HBc-positive patients with rituximab-based regimens to treat hematologic malignancies: The Preblin study.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with resolved HBV infection (HBsAg negative, antiHBc positive) is uncommon, but potentially fatal. The role of HBV prophylaxis in this setting is uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) prophylaxis versus close monitoring in antiHBc-positive, HBsAg-negative patients under treatment with rituximab (RTX)-based regimens for hematologic malignancy.

Higher severity of cocaine addiction is associated with tactile and somatic hallucinations.

Background: The aim of this study is to describe the features of cocaine-dependent patients who have had cocaine-induced tactile/somatic hallucinations (CITSH), and to analyze the association with addiction-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity, comparing patients with CITSH, patients with cocaine psychotic symptoms (CIP) and no CITSH, and patients without any psychotic symptom.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 767 cocaine-dependent patients in an outpatient treatment center for addictions. The following data were obtained: sociodemographic characteristics, CIP information, addiction-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity.

Novel evidences of atypical manifestations in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes.

Objectives: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) usually start during infancy as an urticarial-like rash and a marked acute phase response, with additional manifestations appearing during its evolution. The aim of this study was to expand the clinical diversity of CAPS by the description of novel atypical features.

Methods: Clinical data were collected from patients' medical charts.

Effect of adjunctive perampanel on the quality of sleep and daytime somnolence in patients with epilepsy.

This prospective uncontrolled study evaluated the effect of low-dose adjunctive perampanel therapy (4 mg/day for 3 months) on the sleep-wake cycle and daytime somnolence in adult patients (n = 10) with focal seizures. A > 50% reduction in the number of seizures was reported in 80% of the study patients; treatment had no significant effect on any sleep parameters as evident by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. Two patients reported dizziness with treatment.

Prognosis of status epilepticus in patients requiring intravenous anesthetic drugs (a single center experience).

Purpose: There is concern about the safety of anesthetic drugs (IVADs) in the management of status epilepticus (SE). To clarify this aspect, we aimed to assess the factors associated with a poor prognosis in SE requiring anesthetics.

Method: We analyzed all SE requiring IVADs between October 2011 and December 2015.

SEOM Clinical Guideline for the treatment of pancreatic cancer (2016).

Pancreatic cancer remains an aggressive disease with a 5 year survival rate of 5%. Only 15% of patients with pancreatic cancer are eligible for radical surgery. Evidence suggests a benefit on survival with adjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine o fluourouracil) after R1/R0 resection.

Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. EAES consensus development conference 2015.

Unequivocal international guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management of patients with acute appendicitis are lacking. The aim of the consensus meeting 2015 of the EAES was to generate a European guideline based on best available evidence and expert opinions of a panel of EAES members. After a systematic review of the literature by an international group of surgical research fellows, an expert panel with extensive clinical experience in the management of appendicitis discussed statements and recommendations.

Controlled randomized study comparing the cardiovascular profile of everolimus with tacrolimus in renal transplantation.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) regression after kidney transplantation may be influenced by immunosuppression. In a 24-month open-label, multicenter, phase-IV study, 71 kidney allograft recipients without previous acute rejection, showing eGFR >40 ml/min and proteinuria <500 mg/day and between 6 months and 3 years post-transplantation, were randomized to receive everolimus (EVR) + mycophenolic acid (MPA) or were maintained on tacrolimus (TAC) + MPA. The aim was to assess whether the conversion to EVR could reduce left ventricular mass index (LVMi) at month-24.

Professionals' perception on the management of patients with dual disorders.

Background: There is a need to evaluate the professionals' perception about the consequences of the lack of therapeutic adherence in the evolution of patients with co-occurring disorders.

Methods: An online survey, released on the Socidrogalcohol [Spanish Scientific Society for Research on Alcohol, Alcoholism and other Drug Addictions] and Sociedad Española de Patología Dual [the Spanish Society of Dual Pathology] web pages, was answered by 250 professionals who work in different types of Spanish health centers where dual diagnosis patients are assisted.

Results: Most professionals perceived the existence of noncompliance among dual diagnosis patients.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and back pain.

This broad narrative review addresses the relationship between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and back pain. AIS can be responsible for low back pain, particularly major cases. However, a linear relationship between back pain and the magnitude of the deformity cannot be expected for any individual patient.

Age-related risk factors for bacterial aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia.

Background And Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and comorbidities, smoking and alcohol use on microorganisms in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: A prospective multicentre study was performed with 4304 patients. We compared microbiological results, bacterial aetiology, smoking, alcohol abuse and comorbidities in three age groups: young adults (<45 years), adults (45-64 years) and seniors (>65 years).

Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Balloon for Ostial Side Branch Lesions (001-Bifurcations): Mid-Term Clinical and Angiographic Results.

Background: In the drug-eluting stent era, the best strategy to treat Medina 001 lesion remains unestablished. This is the first prospective registry assessing the efficacy and safety of the second-generation drug-coated balloon in patients with side-branch ostial lesion.

Methods: Forty-nine patients with de novo Medina 001 lesion and associated myocardial ischemia were treated with second-generation drug-coated balloon-Dior balloon catheter (Eurocor GmbH, Bonn Germany), and prospectively included in this study.

The syndrome of polymicrogyria, thalamic hypoplasia, and epilepsy with CSWS.

Objective: We explored the long-term follow-up of continuous spike-and-wave complexes during sleep (CSWS) in polymicrogyria and the anatomic volumetric variables that influence the risk of developing this age-related epileptic encephalopathy.

Methods: We performed prospective follow-up of 27 patients with polymicrogyria/CSWS (mean follow-up 14.3 years; range 2-31 years) and comparative volumetric analysis of the polymicrogyric hemispheres and ipsilateral thalami vs 3 subgroups featuring polymicrogyria without CSWS, benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE), and headache.

Control and management of congenital Chagas disease in Europe and other non-endemic countries: current policies and practices.

Objectives: Identifying pregnant women infected with Trypanosoma cruzi is one of the major challenges for preventing and controlling Chagas disease (CD) in non-endemic countries. The aim of this paper was to perform a policy evaluation of the current practices of congenital Chagas disease (CCD) control in non-endemic countries and to propose specific targets for enhanced interventions to tackle this emerging health problem outside the endemic areas of Latin America.

Methods: We conducted a mixed method review of CCD policy strategies by searching the literature in the PubMed, Google Scholar and the World Health Organization (WHO) databases using the key terms 'CCD', 'paediatric Chagas disease' and 'non-endemic countries'; as free text and combined as one phrase to increase the search sensitivity.

Predictors of Severe Sepsis among Patients Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Background: Severe sepsis, may be present on hospital arrival in approximately one-third of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Objective: To determine the host characteristics and micro-organisms associated with severe sepsis in patients hospitalized with CAP.

Results: We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study in 13 Spanish hospital, on 4070 hospitalized CAP patients, 1529 of whom (37.

Baseline clinical status as a predictor of methylprednisolone response in multiple sclerosis relapses.

Background: To date, there are no available factors to predict the outcome after multiple sclerosis relapse.

Aim: To investigate factors that may be useful for predicting response to methylprednisolone treatment, following a relapse of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: The study included 48 MS patients enrolled in a double-blind multicenter trial to receive intravenous versus oral high-dose methylprednisolone treatment.

Daclatasvir plus simeprevir with or without ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.

Background & Aims: We evaluated the combination of daclatasvir (pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitor) and simeprevir (NS3/4A protease inhibitor), with or without ribavirin, in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients.

Methods: This phase II, open-label study enrolled treatment-naive patients or prior null responders with genotype 1b (n=147) or 1a (n=21) infection. Genotype 1b-infected patients were randomized 1:1 to receive daclatasvir 30mg plus simeprevir 150mg once daily with or without ribavirin; those who completed the initial 12-week treatment were re-randomized 1:1 to stop treatment or continue treatment through to week 24.

Treatment of Small Vessel Disease With the Paclitaxel Drug-Eluting Balloon: 6-Month Angiographic and 1-Year Clinical Outcomes of the Spanish Multicenter Registry.

Background: Small vessel disease (SMD) remains a major challenge because of the increased risk of restenosis. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of a paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PEB) in patients with SMD.

Methods And Results: One-hundred and four patients with native coronary lesions in small vessels treated by using a PEB were included in this prospective multicenter registry.

Mammographic density and breast cancer in women from high risk families.

Introduction: Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest determinants of sporadic breast cancer (BC). In this study, we compared MD in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers from BRCA1/2 mutation-positive families and investigated the association between MD and BC among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers per type of mutation and tumor subtype.

Methods: The study was carried out in 1039 female members of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-positive families followed at 16 Spanish Genetic Counseling Units.

Prognosis of status epilepticus (SE): Relationship between SE duration and subsequent development of epilepsy.

Unlabelled: In animal models, SE duration is related to epileptogenesis. Data in humans are scarce, mainly in NCSE; therefore, we aimed to study the prognosis of SE de novo and which factors may influence subsequent development of epilepsy.

Methods: We evaluated patients with SE without previous epilepsy at our hospital (February 2011-February 2014), including demographics, etiology, number of AEDs, duration of SE, mortality, and occurrence of seizures during follow-up.

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in hepatic encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain alteration associated to liver failure that produces cognitive impairments at long term. Neuroimaging are non-invasive methods for the study of the brain by means of spectroscopy and imaging techniques. These technologies give huge information about cerebral metabolism and water distribution to explore brain pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.