[Prophylaxis of chronic daily headache with a simplified regimen of subcutaneous administration of botulinum toxin type A].

Introduction: Primary headaches are one of the most prevalent conditions in neurology. Botulinum toxin type A (TBA) has been used for years as a prophylactic measure for chronic daily headache (CDH) with varying infiltration regimens and outcomes.

Aim: To demonstrate the speed, convenience and safety of a subcutaneous regimen of TBA as a prophylactic for CDH, and also to determine how effective it is as a preventive therapy.

[Economic class syndrome].

Comfort, safety and time saving makes air travel more and more popular and widely use by an increased number of people in a range of extended age frame. Recent concerns in the global news have again raised an issue about the association of thromboembolic disease and air travel. Although there are numerous studies in the literature examining venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), variability of population demographics makes difficult a right and prospective assessment in the context of the cabin environment and air travel.

[Pareidolia in Beato de Liébana's illuminated Visigothic codes].

The visual perception alterations constitute a characteristic etymological field in some neurological and psychiatric processes (such as hallucinations, hallucinosis, etc.) that can also appear in healthy people (metamorphosias, pareidolias). The pareidolia is a phenomenon characterized by the non auto-provoked visualization of a perception in which reality and daydream are combined.

[Synchronous primary urologic triple neoplasia. Report of a new case and review of the literature].

Herein we present the case of a patient who went to the emergency department complaining of haematuria. With a conservative management, the radiologic and endoscopic studies show a bladder tumour and an incidental left renal mass. After several radical procedures, the last a cystoprostatectomy, it was shown that the patient had a new tumour inside his prostate gland.

Prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating natural killer cells subset CD57 in patients with squamous cell lung cancer.

Natural killer (NK) cells have been implied in the resistance against certain tumors and virally-infected cells. The prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating NK cells in primary squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) has not been fully studied. Fifty patients with primary SqCLC were evaluated for the presence of tumor infiltrating natural killer cells subset CD57 (TINK) after surgery.

[Radiation-induced intracerebral sarcoma].

We report a case of radiation-induced sarcoma in a 50 year-old male patient who was treated with total resection and radiation for right temporal lobe PNET. He received a dose of 60-Gy. A sequential magnetic resonance image 32 months after the completion of radiation therapy and 34 months after surgery showed a mass in the right temporal cerebral convexity.

[Antoniana Margarita: Gómez Pereira, Francisco Lobato and the antecedents of cerebral mechanicism during the Spanish renaissance].

The year 2000 is the fifth century of the birth, in Medina del Campo (Vallodolid, Spain) of licenciado Perea (Gomez Perea or Pereira). A man of the Renaissance, he was an outstanding doctor, humanist, theologist, nominalist philosopher, naturalist and practical engineer. He developed the first modern theory of behavior, based purely on mechanicistic principles, describing his ideas in a text known by the curious title of Antoniana Margarita.

[The neuroanatomy of Juan Valverde de Amusco and medicine at the time of the Spanish renaissance].

Juan Valverde de Amusco (c. 1525-c. 1564) is considered to have been the most important Spanish anatomist of the XVI century.

Experimental model for local application of growth factors in skin re-epithelialisation.

We did an experimental study to assess the effects of different growth factors on re-epithelialisation of skin wounds by creating a partial-thickness defect in rats with a handle dermatome. Three different growth factors that are particularly involved in the re-epithelialisation phase of wound repair (epidermal growth factor (EGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-b) n = 10 in each group) were applied locally in a hydrocolloid dressing containing solutions of the different factors (EGF 10 micrograms/ml, KGF 3.3 ng/ml, bFGF 1 microgram/ml).

Peculiarities of osteo-articular infections in children.

Paediatric osteomyelitis is uncommon in the developed world, haematogenous spread of infection being the most prevalent cause in children. The metaphyses of the long bones are the sites involved in most cases, but in neonates the infection may spread to the contiguous epiphysis and joint. Staphylococcus aureus is the main causal organism in all groups.

[Cerebral ischemia in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease].

Neurologic manifestations occur in 8-12% of the patients with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease or hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), principally infectious and hemorrhagic and, less frequently, ischemic ones. More than a half of these neurologic complications are associated with pulmonary arterio-venous malformations (PAVM). The diagnosis of HHT is based on the presence of telangiectases, hemorrhagic events and a family history with an autosomal dominant pattern.

Local administration of neurotrophic growth factor in subcutaneous silicon chambers enhances the regeneration of the sensory component of the rat sciatic nerve.

An experimental model for local administration of neurotrophic growth factor (NGF) in peripheral nerve lesions is tested. The model consists of a subcutaneous reservoir connected to the sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy. The right sciatic nerves were exposed, severed, and repaired at a level 1.

[The double-J ureteral catheter: its historical development and current status].

Objective: To review the history of the development of the double-J ureteral catheter, a device that is necessary in current urological practice.

Methods/results: A review of the literature shows that although there are references on the use of the ureteral catheter before 1967, the history of its development began in that year, when Zimskind and co-workers designed and used the first self-retaining catheter that was inserted cystoscopically. However, it was not until 1978 when the double-J shape was adopted following the design of Finney.

[Localized tracheobronchial amyloidosis: a case report and review of the literature].

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is the most common form of localized bronchopulmonary amyloidoses, although its diagnosis is not very frequent in daily practice. We present a case of localized tracheobronchial amyloidosis presented as hemoptysis. The diagnosis and treatment were performed with rigid bronchoscopy and resection with an Nd-YAG laser.

Regeneration of the motor component of the rat sciatic nerve with local administration of neurotrophic growth factor in silicone chambers.

The experimental model reported consists of a subcutaneous reservoir connected to a rat sciatic nerve anastomosis. The right sciatic nerve was exposed, served, and repaired at a level 1.5 cm proximal to its trifurcation.

Evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration by nerve growth factor locally administered with a novel system.

An experimental model is presented for the local administration of neurotrophic substances at the site of peripheral nerve lesion. The model consists of a subcutaneously implanted silicone reservoir and a connecting tube with its distal end facing the severed and repaired nerve. Wistar rats (n = 180) were divided into two groups: a control group (saline-treated) (n = 90) and an NGF-treated group (n = 90).

[Double J ureteral catheter. Clinical complications].

Objective: To analyze the clinical complications of double-J ureteral catheters.

Methods: The most relevant studies published in the literature since the self-retaining indwelling catheter was first described in 1967 are reviewed.

Results: The experience and results reported in the most relevant studies are presented.

[Lafora and neuropathology].

This article wants to be a memory to the figure and neuro-pathologic work of D. Gonzalo Rodríguez-Lafora. The tediousness of its neurological work allows to divide it in its slopes neurophatologic, neurophysiologic, clinic and therapy.

[The double-J ureteral catheter. Clinical indications].

Objective: To analyze the clinical indications of double-J ureteral catheters.

Methods: The most relevant studies published in the literature since the self-retained indwelling catheter was first described in 1967 are reviewed.

Results: The experience and results reported in the most relevant studies are presented.

[The proximal migration of a double-J catheter. A review of the predisposing factors. Apropos a case].

Case report of a patient bearer of a double-J ureteral catheter due to ureteral lithiasis. After persistent renoureteral pain and fever, the proximal migration of the catheter is confirmed radiologically. The predisposing factors for this complication, described in the literature, are reviewed.

[Radiopacity of double-J ureteral catheters. Computed tomography quantification and clinical implications].

Objective: To determine whether knowledge about the degree of radiopacity of the double-J ureteral catheters utilized in Spanish hospitals suffices for correct radiologic control and subsequent follow-up.

Methods: The CT attenuation index was utilized to determine the degree of radiopacity of 23 double-J ureteral stents, comprised of different biomaterials and from different manufacturers, that are used in Spanish hospitals.

Results: The values ranged from 1,000-3,070 Hounsfield units.