Evaluation of the Biases in the Studies that Assess the Effects of the Great Recession on Health. A Systematic Review.

Background: Our main objective was to evaluate the fundamental biases detected in studies assessing the effects the Great Recession had on health for the case of Spain. As secondary objectives we presented methods to control these biases and to discuss the results of the studies in question if they had controlled for them.

Methods: We carried out a systematic review of the literature published up to June 2018.

[Evaluation of competencies in urology. Esscolap® basic, as aproximation to urologists skills improvement.].

Unlabelled: Urology needs models of competencies assessment, although there is a wide range of tools not yet integrated into the official training programs.

Context: At present, there is no universal framework for measuring surgeons' level of competence. Urology training programs should provide and consider knowledge, pyschomotor/cognitive skills, and simulator, cadaver or animal models-based training.

[Comparability of the editions 2006/07 and 2011/12 of the Spanish Health Survey.].

Objective: The Spanish Health Survey (SHS) is one of the main sources on social determinants of health. The objectives were to describe the data merging process of the 2006/07 and 2011/12 SHS editions, as well as to provide the merged databases and the directory of the variables.

Methods: The comparable variables were identified from the questionnaires.

Liver Transplantation Results by Donor Age.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare liver transplantation outcomes as a function of donor age.

Material And Methods: We performed 212 liver transplantations between 2008 and 2014. We described a prospective cohort study and grouped the patients by liver donor age.

[Care costs and activity in the last three months of life of cancer patients who died in the Basque Country (Spain)].

Objective: To analyse the use of health resources and its budget in the last months of life of the population who died from malignant neoplasm in the Basque Autonomous Country (Spain).

Method: Retrospective observational study of a population with a diagnosis of malignancy deceased in the Basque Country (2010 and 2011).

Data Source: MDS and Mortality Register.

Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) estimated by two different dietary assessment methods and its relationship with NEAC plasma levels.

Purpose: We aimed to quantify and compare dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC), estimated using two dietary assessment methods, and to explore its relationship with plasma NEAC.

Methods: Fifty healthy subjects volunteer to participate in this study. Two dietary assessment methods [a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour recall (24-HR)] were used to collect dietary information.

Liver Transplantation Outcomes Using Grafts From Donors Older Than the Age of 80 Years.

We performed a retrospective cohort study between 2002 and 2014 to compare liver transplantation outcomes between recipients of grafts from donors older than and younger than the age of 80 years. Numerical variables were compared with the Student t test when their distribution was normal and the Mann-Whitney test when it was not, whereas categorical variables were compared with Pearson chi-squared test or Fisher test, as appropriate; P < .05 was considered significant.

Focal therapy for prostate cancer. Rationale, indications and selection.

Context: The great controversy surrounding the treatment of localized prostate cancer is related with its possibilities of radical treatment or active surveillance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the rationale selection among current focal therapy modalities regarding tumor and patient selection.

Evidence Acquisition: Current articles about advantages and disadvantages on the treatment of localized prostate cancer as well as information about focal therapy regarding tumour selection, characteristics and indications cited in MEDLINE search were reviewed.

[Metachronic testicular tumor secondary to invasive bladder carcinoma].

Objective: To report a rare case of testicular metastasis secondary to an infiltrative transitional cell carcinoma years after radical surgery.

Case Report: 71-year-old male patient with history of infiltrative bladder tumor, status post radical cystoprostatectomy with urethrectomy. Seven years after surgery he presents with pain and swelling in the right testicle.

[Recurrence of bacterial endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty].

Objective/methods: One month after penetrating keratoplasty, a male patient suffered recurrent abscess and endophthalmitis caused by mixed bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida Albicans).

Results: Two samples of vitreous and aqueous were taken, and a combination of systemic Vancomycin and Amphotericin B were injected intravitreally. The patient was asymptomatic for a month, but the abscess reactivated and was treated with Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin administered intravenously.

Scrotal cystic hygroma in a 13-year-old boy.

We describe a patient with cystic hygroma, in a rare location (scrotum). The hygroma was diagnosed incidentally after injury to the scrotum in a 13-year-old boy. The diagnostic methods used, the characteristics of this type of tumor, its treatment and its clinical course are described.

[Clinical value of urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in diabetic retinopathy].

Purpose: To test N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) urinary excretion, early renal damage biochemical marker, in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus grouped according to the degree of retinopathy, establishing its relationships to retinal involvement.

Methods: We make a prospective study of 144 type 2 diabetic patients and 94 healthy subjects. We realized an ocular exploration that included fluorescein angiography and a biochemical study that included the determination of NAG urinary excretion in all of them.

Effect of clonidine on plasma ACTH, cortisol and melatonin in children.

An interaction between melatonin and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) seems to occur in humans and both hormones respond to beta-adrenergic stimulation. As in lower animal species, human pineal gland also contains alpha2-adrenergic receptors as does the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. In this study the response of the pineal gland and of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to alpha2-adrenergic stimulation was assessed.

Intestinal leiomyosarcoma as the cause of severe hemoperitoneum.

Leiomyosarcomas represent 10-20% of malignant tumors in the small bowel and 1% of those located in the large bowel. These tumors have aspecific symptoms depending on their size, location and histology. Intestinal leiomyosarcomas may be the cause of numerous types of surgical emergency.

[Unusual variant of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: verrucous carcinoma].

Verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon but distinctive variety of squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 1 to 2% of all laryngeal neoplasms. It was first described as a distinct clinicopathological entity by Ackerman in 1948. It has been described most frequently in oral cavity and larynx, but other sites are possible.

[Emphysema in the tonsil surgery. A case report].

Subcutaneous peripharyngeal emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare complications in postoperative patients after several types of surgery (orthognathic, laryngeal, tracheotomy and oropharyngeal). We report a case of subcutaneous and peripharyngeal emphysema after bilateral tonsillectomy in a 43-year-old male. Air or anesthetic gases spread to the neck, mediastinum, abdomen, or pleural cavity.

[Teratomas of the nasopharynx. A report of three cases].

Teratomas are the most common congenital tumors, but neoplasms of the nasopharynx are rare in neonates. The exact origin of teratomas is unknown and debated. Several theories of embryogenesis are possible.

[Renal hematomas secondary to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy].

Objective: 0.6% of the patients submitted to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) present symptomatic renal hematoma that can permanently alter renal function and morphology. The present study analyzes the risk factors, types of renal hematoma secondary to shock waves and treatment.

[Relationship between female stress urinary incontinence intensity and the data of urethral pressure profile].

Objective: To determine the utility of the urethral pressure profile in the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence and its possible correlation with the degree of severity of incontinence.

Methods: 175 female patients with a clinical history of urinary incontinence were evaluated; of these, 50 cases with bladder instability demonstrated by the urodynamic studies were excluded. Patient evaluation included clinical history, physical examination, analytical studies, radiological evaluation and complete urodynamic assessment, including uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry, and static and dynamic urethral pressure profiles.

[Myasthenia gravis as paraneoplastic syndrome in small cell tumor of the bladder].

Only 0.48% of vesical tumours are of the small cells epithelial type with positive neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers, although the description of new cases is becoming increasingly common. These tumours may be associated to paraneoplastic syndromes of the endocrine and neurological types.

[Factors associated with the incidence of hospital readmission].

Background: To identify factors associated with hospital readmission, especially those potentially avoidable. This information could be useful to reduce the incidence of hospital readmissions.

Methods: A paired (1:1) case-control study nested into the cohort of first admissions at the Granada University Hospital, Spain, in 1990.

[Premalignant and benign lesions in nodules of adenomatous hyperplasia].

Objectives: Currently, two premalignant lesions have been recognized: prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Due to the possible clinical implications of these lesions, we attempted to determine their incidence in specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the most frequent pathology of the prostate.

Methods: A pathological and immunohistochemical study using several markers was performed to detect premalignant lesions in 156 specimens obtained by adenomectomy and TUR from 1990 to 1992.

Radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines of different hormonal responsiveness. Modulatory effects of oestradiol.

Treatments which inhibit or retard progression of the cell through the cell cycle have been reported to reduce the effectiveness of ionizing radiation by increasing cellular radioresistance. We studied cellular radiosensitivity and radiation-induced DNA damage (double-strand break, dsb) in both hormone-sensitive and non-sensitive human breast cancer cell lines. After 72h of culture in an oestradiol-deprived medium, MCF-7 BUS and T47D B8 breast cancer cells showed a significant delay in growth, whereas no effect was seen in EVSA-T cell line.