Contraceptive Counseling Strategies for Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Role of Integrating Reproductive Health and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Services to Prevent Perinatal Transmission in Colombia.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 2 contraceptive counseling strategies in Colombia for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first integrates (1) reproductive health and HIV services (integrated model [IM]), and the second (2) offers these services separately (non-IM).

Methods: Cost-effectiveness analysis from the third-party payer perspective (Colombian healthcare system).

Hypophosphatemic Rickets in Colombia: A Prevalence-Estimation Model in Rare Diseases. 2018.

Background: Hypophosphatemic rickets is a rare, genetic syndrome with multisystem involvement. It causes skeletal abnormalities, painful enthesopathies, increased risk of fracture, and short stature; leading to a substantial burden of disease, disability, and worsening of quality of life. To improve health conditions of people living with this disease, it is essential to know its prevalence which is currently unknown in Colombia.

The impact of civil conflict on child health: Evidence from Colombia.

Internal armed conflicts have become more common and more physically destructive since the mid-20th century, with devastating consequences for health and development in low- and middle-income countries. This paper investigates the causal impacts of the long-term internal conflict on child health in Colombia, following an identification strategy based on the temporal and geographic variation of conflict intensity. We estimate the effect of different levels of conflict intensity on height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height z-scores among children under five years old, and explore the underlying potential mechanisms, through maternal health behavior and health care utilization.

Mental health consequences of armed conflicts in children and adolescents: An overview of literature reviews.

Introduction: Armed conflicts affect the mental health of children and adolescents. Their outcomes in these populations have been documented identifying vulnerability and significant biopsychosocial damage as the most common factors. Objective: To identify and synthesize the mental health consequences of armed conflicts in children and adolescents.

COVID-19 spread, detection, and dynamics in Bogota, Colombia.

Latin America has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic but estimations of rates of infections are very limited and lack the level of detail required to guide policy decisions. We implemented a COVID-19 sentinel surveillance study with 59,770 RT-PCR tests on mostly asymptomatic individuals and combine this data with administrative records on all detected cases to capture the spread and dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bogota from June 2020 to early March 2021. We describe various features of the pandemic that appear to be specific to a middle income countries.

Socioeconomic inequalities in birth outcomes: An 11-year analysis in Colombia.

Objective: To examine socioeconomic inequalities in birth outcomes among infants born between 2008 and 2018 and assessed trends in inequalities during that period in Colombia, a middle-income country with high levels of inequality emerging from a long internal armed conflict.

Methods: Using birth certificate data in Colombia, we analysed the outcomes of low birth weight, an Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes after birth and the number of prenatal visits among full-term pregnancies. Maternal education and health insurance schemes were used as socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators.

Application of a Diagnostic Methodology of Cardiac Systems Based on the Proportions of Entropy in Normal Patients and with Different Pathologies.

Introduction: Dynamical systems theory, probability, and entropy were the substrate for the development of the diagnostic and predictive methodology of adult heart dynamics.

Objective: To apply a previously developed methodology from dynamical systems, probability, and entropy in both normal and pathological subjects.

Methods: Electrocardiographic records were selected from 30 healthy subjects and 200 with different pathologies, with a length of least 18 h.

Multiple sclerosis is associated with higher comorbidity and health care resource use: A population-based, case-control study in a western Mediterranean region.

Background And Purpose: Comorbidities are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and have been associated with worse outcomes and increased health care resource usage. We studied the frequency of comorbidities and adverse health behaviors (AHBs) in MS patients in the Mediterranean region of Catalonia.

Methods: This population-based, case-control study used primary health care information covering 80% of Catalonia's population.

Conflict violence reduction and pregnancy outcomes: A regression discontinuity design in Colombia.

Background: The relationship between exposure to conflict violence during pregnancy and the risks of miscarriage, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality has not been studied empirically using rigorous methods and appropriate data. We investigated the association between reduced exposure to conflict violence during pregnancy and the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Colombia.

Methods And Findings: We adopted a regression discontinuity (RD) design using the July 20, 2015 cease-fire declared during the Colombian peace process as an exogenous discontinuous change in exposure to conflict events during pregnancy, comparing women with conception dates before and after the cease-fire date.

Organizing pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Organizing pneumonia is a nonspecific pulmonary response pattern associated with a variety of clinical contexts including viral infections. The classic radiological manifestations are peribronchovascular/peripheral ground glass opacities or consolidations and may be accompanied by nodules, masses, and interstitial opacities. We describe the case of a 62-year-old male patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and torpid clinical and radiological evolution in whom organizing pneumonia was documented through transbronchial biopsy and imaging findings, with a good response to corticosteroids.

Self-recognition of mental disorders and mental problems in the adult population from the Colombian National Mental Health Survey.

Introduction And Objectives: Mental disorders are very prevalent in the general population. Despite this, it is estimated that only about a third of the people affected is able to recognise problems on their own and to access health services. The aim was to determine the factors associated with the lack of self-recognition of mental problems and disorders in the Colombian population.

Neuronorma Colombia: Contributions and methodological characteristics.

Introduction: Availability of adequate normative data is essential when performing neuropsychological evaluation; good methodological quality of the studies that propose these data ensures that their conclusions are reliable and valid. We present the methodological characteristics of the Neuronorma Colombia Project in order to analyse its contributions and limitations.

Method: We present the characteristics of the normative sample, inclusion and exclusion criteria, statistical analysis, the procedure for obtaining normative data, and the instruments used.

Imaging manifestations of pulmonary melioidosis: a case series.

Melioidosis is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and Oceania caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. We studied 15 adult patients from Colombia with microbiologically diagnosed pulmonary melioidosis. We reviewed 15 chest X-rays and 10 chest computed tomography (CT) studies.

COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients in Latin America: COVID-19 in MS and NMOSD patients in LATAM.

Background: There is no data regarding COVID-19 in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients in Latin America.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients included in RELACOEM, a LATAM registry of MS and NMOSD patients infected with COVID-19.

Methods: RELACOEM is a longitudinal, strictly observational registry of MS and NMOSD patients who suffer COVID-19 and Dengue in LATAM.

Self-recognition of mental disorders and mental problems in the adult population from the Colombian National Mental Health Survey.

Introduction And Objectives: Mental disorders are very prevalent in the general population. Despite this, it is estimated that only about a third of the people affected is able to recognise problems on their own and to access health services. The aim was to determine the factors associated with the lack of self-recognition of mental problems and disorders in the Colombian population.

Chagas disease-related mortality in Colombia from 1979 to 2018: temporal and spatial trends.

Introduction: Studies on Chagas disease-related mortality assist in decision-making in health policies. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics, temporal trends, and regional differences in Chagas disease-related mortality in Colombia from 1979 to 2018.

Methods: A time-series study was conducted using death records and population data from the National Administrative Department of Statistics, using categorizations from the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 systems.

Experience of South American MS and/or NMOSD experts in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: Focus on Telemedicine.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way to manage MS and NMOSD, not only concerning treatment, but also regarding social distance and the increasing use of telemedicine (TM) to minimize the risk of infection. Currently, there is no data regarding TM among MS and NMOSD South American experts.

Objective: To investigate TM experiences from South American MS and/or NMOSD experts in the follow-up of their patients focusing on TM.

Citywide preparedness for a pandemic: A crosssectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices about respiratory infection prevention in Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: Healthcare personnel plays an important role in the prevention of acute respiratory infections in hospital settings.

Objective: Our aim was to establish the level of knowledge about respiratory virus infections and the attitudes and practices among healthcare workers, leaders of infection control committees in hospitals of Bogotá, Colombia.

Materials And Methods: We used a self-administered questionnaire of 28 items during the monthly meeting sponsored by the local health authority.

An overview of reviews on strategies to reduce health inequalities.

Background: Governments are incentivized to develop and implement health action programs focused on equity to ensure progress with effective strategies or interventions.

Objective: Identify and synthesize strategies or interventions that facilitate the reduction of health inequalities.

Methods: A systematic search strategy was carried out up until August 2019 in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, Scopus, Scielo and Epistemonikos.

Reconstruction with Free Flaps of Head and Neck Cancer Defects: A National Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to determine the perioperative mortality rate, reintervention rate, and total healthcare costs for head and neck cancer patients who underwent free tissue transfer (FTT) in Colombia. The prognostic factors associated with those results were estimated.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using administrative data from patients of all ages diagnosed with head and neck cancer who underwent FTT between 2013 and 2016 in Colombia's contributory health system.

Carfilzomib induced cardiotoxicity in a multiple myeloma patient.

Proteasome inhibitors such as carfilzomib are indicated in multiple myeloma patients showing relapse and/or refractoriness of clonal activity. However, this therapy has been associated with a significant incidence of cardiotoxicity, especially in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors. Here we report a case of a 60-year-old woman with multiple myeloma, who developed severe congestive heart failure with positive myocardial injury biomarkers together with impaired LVEF and GLS, after treatment with carfilzomib.