Neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV in our area.

Introduction: Although infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is mainly considered a sexually transmitted disease, newborns exposed to the virus in the perinatal period can also be infected through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. The aim of our study was to increase our understanding of neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV, trying to establish its frequency, mechanisms of infection and persistence through age 2 years.

Material And Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational and descriptive study in a cohort of neonates born vaginally whose mothers carried HPV in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery.

Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and cancer.

Introduction: Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in defense against tumor cells. The development and function of NK cells is governed by a dynamic balance between inhibition and activation of cell surface receptors, including KIR receptors.

Patients And Method: A case-control study is carried out that compares a group of 46 children diagnosed with malignant diseases, the control group is made up of 82 healthy children.

Management of neonates with 35 weeks of gestational age or more with infectious risk factors at birth: opportunities for improvement.

Objectives: The Northern California Kaiser-Permanente Neonatal Sepsis Risk Calculator (SRC) has proved to be safe and effective in reducing laboratory tests, hospital admissions, and administration of antibiotics to patients at risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Many studies have focused on maternal chorioamnionitis as the principal risk factor for EONS. We wanted to know if the use of the SRC could be equally efficient in the context of several other infectious risk factors (IRF), in addition to chorioamnionitis, such as intrapartum maternal fever, GBS colonization and/or prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM).

Incidence and Prevalence of Children's Diffuse Lung Disease in Spain.

Background: Children's diffuse lung disease, also known as children's Interstitial Lung Diseases (chILD), are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases with relevant morbidity and mortality, which diagnosis and classification are very complex. Epidemiological data are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse incidence and prevalence of chILD in Spain.

Effects of public health measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the winter respiratory syncytial virus epidemic: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background: Public health measures (PHM) designed to contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic have influenced the epidemiological characteristics of other viral infections. Its impact on acute RSV bronchiolitis in infants of ≤24 months old has not been systematically studied in our setting.

Objectives: To describe the monthly pattern of visits to the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) of patients 0 to 14 years of age, the rate of patients diagnosed with RSV acute bronchiolitis per thousand inhabitants of 0 to 24 months, and the rate of them requiring hospital admission during the winter 2020-2021, in the context of local and national COVID-19 restrictions and compare them to the four previous seasons.

The role of dendritic cells in endometriosis: A systematic review.

Endometriosis (EDT), a common estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder, is characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. While its pathogenesis is poorly understood, it is supposed that the immune system plays a role in its pathophysiology, and increased number of immune cells and changes in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity have been described. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APC) of the immune system that recognize, capture, and process complex antigens and present them to T cells, conferring them a unique ability as mediators between the innate and adaptive immune systems.

Growth hormone treatment does not to lead to insulin resistance nor excessive rise in IGF-1 levels, while improving height in patients small for gestational age A long-term observational study.

Objective: In children born small for gestational age (SGA), the relationship between growth hormone (GH) treatment and insulin resistance (IR) has only been investigated for a short period, necessitating a longer observation period. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (10 years) effect of GH to SGA-children on IR and safety during treatment.

Design: This was a multicenter observational study.

Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Children at the Start of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Nationwide Experience.

Study Design: This is a prospective, multicenter, and observational study with the aim of describing physiological characteristics, respiratory management, and outcomes of children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) from different etiologies receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) compared with those affected by SARS-CoV-2.

Methods And Main Results: Twenty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria: 9 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 19 patients without COVID-19. Non-COVID-19 patients had more pre-existing comorbidities (78.

Does the maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occur during pregnancy?

Background And Objetive: On January 7th, 2020, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified, as responsible for a new human disease: COVID-19. Given its recent appearance, our current knowledge about the possible influence that this disease can exert on pregnancy is very limited. One of the unknowns to be solved is whether there is a vertical transmission of the infection during pregnancy.

Gestational Age-Specific Reference Ranges for the sFlt-1/PlGF Immunoassay Ratio in Twin Pregnancies.

Objective: Establish reference ranges for the Elecsys® soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) immunoassay ratio in twin pregnancies.

Methods: Data analyzed were from 3 prospective studies: Prediction of Short-Term Outcome in Pregnant Women with Suspected Preeclampsia (PE) (PROGNOSIS), Study of Early-onset PE in Spain (STEPS), and a multicenter case-control study. Median, 5th, and 95th percentiles for sFlt-1, PlGF, and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratios were determined for normal twin pregnancies for 7 gestational windows and compared with the previous data for singleton pregnancies.

Survey about the current use of fetal MRI in Spain.

In June 2019 in Seville, at the first course in fetal MRI, endorsed by the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM) and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Radiology (SERPE), the Spanish fetal MRI group was founded. To establish this group, a questionnaire was designed for radiologists dedicated to prenatal imaging in Spain and disseminated to the SERAM's members. The questions were related to the type of hospital, to MRI studies (magnetic field, gestational age, use of sedation, number of studies per year, proportion of fetal neuroimaging studies), and to teaching and research about fetal MRI.

[Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and cancer].

Introduction: Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in defense against tumor cells. The development and function of NK cells is governed by a dynamic balance between inhibition and activation of cell surface receptors, including KIR receptors.

Patients And Method: A case-control study is carried out that compares a group of 46 children diagnosed with malignant diseases, the control group is made up of 82 healthy children.

Feasibility and Accuracy of Early Fetal Echocardiography Performed at 13-13 Weeks in a Population with Low and High Body Mass Index: a Prospective Study.

Purpose: The earlier the detection and diagnosis of congenital heart diseases (CHD), the greater the clinical benefit; however, early fetal cardiac examination can be a challenge. The aim of our study is to demonstrate that the fetal cardiac examination at 13-13 weeks can be as adequately assessed as the examination performed at 16 weeks in patients with low and high body mass index (BMI).

Methods: The study was a prospective observational cohort study.

Predictive and prognostic value of total tumor load in sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant treatment using one-step nucleic acid amplification: the NEOVATTL study.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of total tumor load (TTL) in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with infiltrating breast cancer after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST).

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study used data from a Spanish Sentinel Lymph Node database. Patients underwent intraoperative SLN biopsy after NST.

[Comparative assessment of off-label and unlicensed drug prescription in neonatal intensive care: FDA versus Brazilian guidelines].

Introduction: Regulatory agencies are responsible for defining the use of off-label (OL) and unlicensed (UL) drug prescription in neonatal intensive care. However, these regulatory criteria may differ between agencies in different countries. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of OL and UL drug prescription in a sample of patients in a neonatal intensive care unit applying the criteria of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States and the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) of Brazil, analysing the differences observed in the results based on the applied criteria.

[Thyroid function in < 32 weeks gestation preterm infants].

Introduction: Preterm newborns (PN) have a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction than term newborns (TN). This condition may go unnoticed in neonatal screening due to a late elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) in these patients.

Objective: Evaluate thyroid function in the second week of life in PN of < 32 weeks gestation (WG), and to identify factors associated to its alteration.

Respiratory outcomes of "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia in adolescents: A multicenter study.

Objective: Long-term respiratory consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants born in the post-surfactant era ("new" BPD) remain partially unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the respiratory outcomes of "new" BPD in adolescents who were born preterm.

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 286 adolescents born between 2003 and 2005 (mean age: 14.

Febrile young infants with abnormal urine dipstick at low risk of invasive bacterial infection.

Objectives: To develop and validate a prediction rule to identify well-appearing febrile infants aged ≤90 days with an abnormal urine dipstick at low risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs, bacteraemia or bacterial meningitis).

Design: Ambispective, multicentre study.

Setting: The derivation set in a single paediatric emergency department (ED) between 2003 and 2017.

Epidemiologic trend of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Latin America: The Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN) Working Group.

Introduction And Objectives: The primary aim was to explore the epidemiologic trend of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Latin America, and the secondary aims were to obtain an overview of the diagnostic/therapeutic focus of the members of the LASPGHAN and examine the relation of case frequency to year, during the study period.

Materials And Methods: Latin American pediatric gastroenterologists participated in an online survey, conducted through the SurveyMonkey platform, that investigated the yearly frequency of new inflammatory bowel disease patients within the time frame of 2005 to 2016, their disease variety, the gastrointestinal segments affected, and the diagnostic and treatment methods utilized. The correlation of new case frequency with each study year was evaluated.

Spanish Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnostic Delay Registry: SPIDER Study From Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica.

Diagnostic delay (DD) is especially relevant in children with inflammatory bowel disease, leading to potential complications. We examined the intervals and factors for DD in the pediatric population of Spain. We conducted a multicentric prospective study, including 149 pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients, obtaining clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data.