Microbiome-derived cobalamin and succinyl-CoA as biomarkers for improved screening of anal cancer.

Human papillomavirus can cause preinvasive, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) as precursors to cancer in the anogenital area, and the microbiome is suggested to be a contributing factor. Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a high risk of anal cancer, but current screening strategies for HSIL detection lack specificity. Here, we investigated the anal microbiome to improve HSIL screening.

Updated Review and Clinical Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Retroperitoneal Sarcoma by the Spanish Sarcoma Research Group (GEIS).

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are an uncommon and biologically heterogeneous group of tumors arising from mesenchymal cells. The incidence is estimated at five cases per 100,000 people per year. Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) account for 10-15% of all STS, and their management depends on their anatomical characteristics and histotype.

Antibiotic resistance in bloodstream isolates from high-complexity paediatric units in Madrid, Spain: 2013-2021.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant challenge in high-complexity healthcare settings.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of AMR in bloodstream isolates from high-complexity paediatric units in Spain over a nine-year period.

Methods: A retrospective observational multicentre study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals, analysing bloodstream isolates from patients aged <18 years admitted to the paediatric intensive care, neonatology, and oncology-haematology units between 2013 and 2021.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Induces AD-like Neurodegeneration Markers in Human Progenitor and Differentiated ReNcell VM Cells.

An increasing body of evidence strongly suggests that infections or reactivations of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may be closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Promising results have been obtained using cell and animal models of HSV-1 infection, contributing to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking HSV-1 infection and AD neurodegeneration. ReNcell VM is a human neural stem cell line that has been used as a model system to study the impact of various infectious agents on the central nervous system.

New Functions of Intracellular LOXL2: Modulation of RNA-Binding Proteins.

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) was initially described as an extracellular enzyme involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Nevertheless, numerous recent reports have implicated intracellular LOXL2 in a wide variety of processes that impact on gene transcription, development, differentiation, proliferation, migration, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, suggesting multiple different functions for this protein. In addition, increasing knowledge about LOXL2 points to a role in several types of human cancer.

Spatiotemporal and meteorological relationships in dengue transmission in the Dominican Republic, 2015-2019.

Dengue has broadened its global distribution substantially in the past two decades, and many endemic areas are experiencing increases in incidence. The Dominican Republic recently experienced its two largest outbreaks to date with 16,836 reported cases in 2015 and 20,123 reported cases in 2019. With continued increases in dengue transmission, developing tools to better prepare healthcare systems and mosquito control agencies is of critical importance.

Management of eosinophil-associated inflammatory diseases: the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.

Elevated eosinophil counts in blood and tissue are a feature of many pathological processes. Eosinophils can migrate and accumulate in a wide variety of tissues and, by infiltrating a target organ, can mediate the development of several inflammatory diseases. The normalization of eosinophilia is a common biomarker of a treatable trait and can also be used as a prognostic and predictive biomarker since it implies a reduction in type 2 inflammation that contributes to disease pathogenesis.

Effectiveness of a mental health stepped-care programme for healthcare workers with psychological distress in crisis settings: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Evidence-based mental health interventions to support healthcare workers (HCWs) in crisis settings are scarce.

Objective: To evaluate the capacity of a mental health intervention in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in HCWs, relative to enhanced care as usual (eCAU), amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted an analyst-blind, parallel, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Nutrition and Intestinal Rehabilitation of Children With Short Bowel Syndrome: A Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Part 1: From Intestinal Resection to Home Discharge.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of intestinal failure (IF) in children. The mainstay of treatment for IF is parenteral nutrition (PN). The aim of this position paper is to review the available evidence on managing SBS and to provide practical guidance to clinicians dealing with this condition.

Nutrition and Intestinal Rehabilitation of Children With Short Bowel Syndrome: A Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Part 2: Long-Term Follow-Up on Home Parenteral Nutrition.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of intestinal failure (IF) in children. The preferred treatment for IF is parenteral nutrition which may be required until adulthood. The aim of this position paper is to review the available evidence on managing SBS and to provide practical guidance to clinicians dealing with this condition.

Identification of fatty acid amide hydrolase as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer.

Clinical management of breast cancer (BC) metastasis remains an unmet need as it accounts for 90% of BC-associated mortality. Although the luminal subtype, which represents >70% of BC cases, is generally associated with a favorable outcome, it is susceptible to metastatic relapse as late as 15 years after treatment discontinuation. Seeking therapeutic approaches as well as screening tools to properly identify those patients with a higher risk of recurrence is therefore essential.

Large goiters and postoperative complications: does it really matter?

Introduction: Thyroidectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Although the mortality rate is currently approaching 0%, the incidence of complications in such a frequent surgery is not insignificant. The most frequent are postoperative hypoparathyroidism, recurrent injury, and asphyxial hematoma.

Coronary Obstruction After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From the Spanish TAVI Registry.

Background: Coronary obstruction (CO) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a life-threatening complication, scarcely studied.

Objectives: The authors analyzed the incidence of CO after TAVR, presentation, management, and in-hospital and 1-year clinical outcomes in a large series of patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods: Patients from the Spanish TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) registry who presented with CO in the procedure, during hospitalization or at follow-up were included.

Intestinal loads of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and Carbapenemase genes in critically ill pediatric patients.

Introduction: Intestinal colonization by Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms (MDROs) can pose a threat on the health of critically ill patients. The extent of colonization by these organisms is related to previous antibiotic treatments and their ability to cause infections among adult patients. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the intestinal Relative Loads (RLs) of selected antibiotic resistance genes, antibiotic consumption and extra-intestinal spread among critically ill pediatric patients.

Real-world safety and effectiveness of cenobamate in patients with focal onset seizures: Outcomes from an Expanded Access Program.

Objective: This study investigated early, real-world outcomes with cenobamate (CNB) in a large series of patients with highly drug-resistant epilepsy within a Spanish Expanded Access Program (EAP).

Method: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study in 14 hospitals. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, focal seizures, and EAP authorization.

Effect of indexed glomerular filtration rate according to age.

Background: To find out up to what age there is dispersion in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values when normalised by body surface area (BSA) and extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), based on the hypothesis that these values differ in childhood age.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients aged 0-85 years, with renal pathology, who were administered i.v.

Controversies in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in the PARP inhibitors era: a Delphi consensus.

Objective: Our aim was to reach a consensus on the management of the most controversial issues of advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods: Nominal group and Delphi techniques were used. A steering committee of 5 experts analyzed current management of advanced ovarian cancer, identified controversies, critically analyzed the evidence, and formulated guiding statements for clinicians.