Trained immunity induction by the inactivated mucosal vaccine MV130 protects against experimental viral respiratory infections.

MV130 is an inactivated polybacterial mucosal vaccine that confers protection to patients against recurrent respiratory infections, including those of viral etiology. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we find that intranasal prophylaxis with MV130 modulates the lung immune landscape and provides long-term heterologous protection against viral respiratory infections in mice.

Telomere Length Declines in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Before Antiretroviral Therapy Start but Not After Viral Suppression: A Longitudinal Study Over >17 Years.

Background: In people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), long-term telomere length (TL) change without/with suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the contribution of genetic background to TL are incompletely understood.

Methods: We measured TL change in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 107 Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants with longitudinal samples available both before and during suppressive ART. We applied mixed-effects multilevel regression to obtain uni-/multivariable estimates for longitudinal TL dynamics including age, sex, and CD4/CD8 ratio.

Microbial Identification in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Using MALDI-TOF-MS.

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has been applied with huge success to the identification of cultured microorganisms in clinical microbiology laboratories where it has become the reference method because it is simple, fast, and highly reproducible. We describe the different procedures used in the routine for pathogen identification using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper system.

Report on the 24th meeting of the ECCR 8th-9th October 2021.

The 24th meeting of the European Council for Cardiovascular Research (ECCR) was virtual and held online on October 8th and 9th, 2021. Over 130 participants including trainees, early career researchers (ECR) and established investigators from eleven European countries (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, U.K.

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is involved in the metabolic and cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity.

Background And Purpose: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible isomerase responsible for prostaglandin E production in inflammatory conditions. We evaluated the role of mPGES-1 in the development and the metabolic and cardiovascular alterations of obesity.

Experimental Approach: mPGES-1 and mPGES-1 mice were fed with normal or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat).

Effects of motor imagery on strength, range of motion, physical function, and pain intensity in patients with total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In the early stages of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) rehabilitation, in which physical function in general can be affected, motor imagery (MI) might play a relevant role.

Objective: To assess the impact of MI on strength, active range of motion (ROM), pain intensity, and physical function in patients with TKA.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

The Bacterial Mucosal Immunotherapy MV130 Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Improves COVID-19 Vaccines Immunogenicity.

COVID-19-specific vaccines are efficient prophylactic weapons against SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, boosting innate responses may represent an innovative way to immediately fight future emerging viral infections or boost vaccines. MV130 is a mucosal immunotherapy, based on a mixture of whole heat-inactivated bacteria, that has shown clinical efficacy against recurrent viral respiratory infections.

Eribulin activity in soft tissue sarcoma monolayer and three-dimensional cell line models: could the combination with other drugs improve its antitumoral effect?

Background: Eribulin has shown antitumour activity in some soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), but it has only been approved for advanced liposarcoma (LPS).

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of eribulin on proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities in LPS, leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and fibrosarcoma (FS) models, using both monolayer (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell cultures. Additionally, we explored combinations of eribulin with other drugs commonly used in the treatment of STS with the aim of increasing its antitumour activity.

Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Systemic Inflammation in Pregnancy.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in pregnancy and it is associated with adverse pregnancy-related outcomes such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and low birth weight. Maternal systemic inflammation is proposed to be one of the main intermediate mechanisms. However, the effects of OSA on systemic inflammation are unknown in normal pregnancy.

Early clinical outcomes after transaxillary versus transfemoral TAVI. Data from the Spanish TAVI registry.

Introduction And Objectives: Transaxillary access (TXA) has become the most widely used alternative to transfemoral access (TFA) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study was to compare total in-hospital and 30-day mortality in patients included in the Spanish TAVI registry who were treated by TXA or TFA access.

Methods: We analyzed data from patients treated with TXA or TFA and who were included in the TAVI Spanish registry.

Polylactide, Processed by a Foaming Method Using Compressed Freon R134a, for Tissue Engineering.

Fabricating polymeric scaffolds using cost-effective manufacturing processes is still challenging. Gas foaming techniques using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO) have attracted attention for producing synthetic polymer matrices; however, the high-pressure requirements are often a technological barrier for its widespread use. Compressed 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, known as Freon R134a, offers advantages over CO in manufacturing processes in terms of lower pressure and temperature conditions and the use of low-cost equipment.

Heterogeneity of Melanoma Cell Responses to Sleep Apnea-Derived Plasma Exosomes and to Intermittent Hypoxia.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cutaneous melanoma incidence and adverse outcomes. Exosomes are secreted by most cells, and play a role in OSA-associated tumor progression and metastasis. We aimed to study the effects of plasma exosomes from OSA patients before and after adherent treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on melanoma cells lines, and also to identify exosomal miRNAs from melanoma cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH) or normoxia.

Prognostic factors at admission on patients with cancer and COVID-19: Analysis of HOPE registry data.

Background: Previous works seem to agree in the higher mortality of cancer patients with COVID-19. Identifying potential prognostic factors upon admission could help identify patients with a poor prognosis.

Methods: We aimed to explore the characteristics and evolution of COVID-19 cancer patients admitted to hospital in a multicenter international registry (HOPE COVID-19).

Prevalence and 30-Day Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19 and Prior Lung Diseases.

Introduction: Patients with pre-existing respiratory diseases in the setting of COVID-19 may have a greater risk of severe complications and even death.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study with 5847 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals. Patients were separated in two groups, with/without previous lung disease.

Temporal relationship between systemic endothelial dysfunction and alterations in erythrocyte function in a murine model of chronic heart failure.

Aims: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) are both prognostic factors in heart failure (HF), but the relationship between them is not clear. In this study, we used a unique mouse model of chronic HF driven by cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of activated Gαq protein (Tgαq*44 mice) to characterize the relationship between the development of peripheral ED and the occurrence of structural nanomechanical and biochemical changes in red blood cells (RBCs).

Methods And Results: Systemic ED was detected in vivo in 8-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, as evidenced by impaired acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the aorta and increased endothelial permeability in the brachiocephalic artery.

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: A Comparative Analysis to Update AESAN Scientific Committee Dietary Recommendations.

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) include dietary recommendations based on food groups according to the general and accepted nutrition principles and current scientific evidence. Adoption of FBDG contributes to the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms, promotes human health, and reduces environmental impact. The present review aims to perform an international comparative analysis of the FBDG adopted in different countries from three different continents (America, Asia, and Europe), with particular reference to the Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency (AESAN, Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición) Scientific Committee dietary recommendations.

Osteoblast function in patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head : implications for a possible novel therapy.

Aims: To investigate whether idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is related to impaired osteoblast activities.

Methods: We cultured osteoblasts isolated from trabecular bone explants taken from the femoral head and the intertrochanteric region of patients with idiopathic ONFH, or from the intertrochanteric region of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and compared their viability, mineralization capacity, and secretion of paracrine factors.

Results: Osteoblasts from the intertrochanteric region of patients with ONFH showed lower alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization capacity than osteoblasts from the same skeletal site in age-matched patients with OA, as well as lower messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of genes encoding osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein and higher osteopontin expression.

Age-Adjusted Endothelial Activation and Stress Index for Coronavirus Disease 2019 at Admission Is a Reliable Predictor for 28-Day Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) predict death in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation who develop endothelial complications. Because coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients also have coagulopathy and endotheliitis, we aimed to assess whether EASIX predicts death within 28 days in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We performed a retrospective study on COVID-19 patients from two different cohorts [derivation ( = 1,200 patients) and validation ( = 1,830 patients)].

Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Spain. A post lockdown reflection.

Objectives: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain during lockdown and the first wave of the pandemic.

Patients And Methods: A self-report questionnaire that integrated the Spanish version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS) was designed to gather sociodemographic data and information related to the effects of lockdown on the lives of IBD patients. Twelve IBD units invited their patients to answer the anonymous online survey between the 1st July and the 25th August 2020.