Practical Approach to Initiating SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an attractive novel therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They block the reabsorption of filtered glucose in kidneys, mainly in proximal renal tubules, resulting in increased urinary glucose excretion and correction of the diabetes-related hyperglycemia. Beyond improving glucose control, SGLT2 inhibitors offer potential benefits by reducing body weight and blood pressure.

Influence of Hospital Type on Outcomes of Individuals Aged 80 and Older with Stroke Treated Using Intravenous Thrombolysis.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to confirm the safety and effectiveness of using intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with individuals aged 80 and older in routine practice in different hospital settings.

Design: Observasional registry.

Setting: Prospective multicenter population-based registry of acute stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapies in Catalonia, Spain (Sistema Online d'Informació de l'Ictus Agut).

Cognitive complaints in women with fibromyalgia: Are they due to depression or to objective cognitive dysfunction?

Introduction: Cognitive complaints are common in fibromyalgia, but it is unclear whether they represent an objective cognitive dysfunction or whether they could be explained by depressive symptoms. Here, we aim to elucidate the frequency of subjective cognitive complaints in a sample of women with fibromyalgia, in addition to analyzing associations between these subjective complaints and objective measures linked to the attention and executive cognitive domains. Finally, we aim to investigate the ability of demographic, clinical, and psychological variables to explain the subjective complaints observed.

Skin Autofluorescence and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Mild to Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are increased and predict mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are undergoing hemodialysis, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes. However, little information exits about the relationship between AGEs and subclinical atherosclerosis at the early stages of CKD. A case-control study was performed including 87 patients with mild-to-moderate stages of CKD (glomerular filtration rate from 89 to 30 ml/min/per 1.

HER2 Status in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: Results of the Large, Multinational HER-EAGLE Study.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) dysregulation is associated with tumorigenesis in gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer; however, the number of patients with HER2-positive disease is unclear, possibly due to differing scoring criteria/assays. Data are also lacking for early disease. We aimed to assess the HER2-positivity rate using approved testing criteria in a large, real-life multinational population.

Removal from liver transplantation list of a hepatitis C virus-HIV co-infected patient after successful treatment with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir.

We present a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient with severe decompensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT) who received a 24-week course of interferon/ribavirin-free antiviral treatment with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir on a compassionate basis. Rapid viral suppression was associated with progressive improvement of his liver function tests. The patient achieved a sustained virological response and concomitant clinical improvement, which prompted removal from the LT list 12 weeks after the end of treatment.

Concordance study between one-step nucleic acid amplification and morphologic techniques to detect lymph node metastasis in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Tumor resection in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is often accompanied by lymph node (LN) removal of the central and lateral cervical compartments. One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) is a polymerase chain reaction-based technique that quantifies cytokeratin 19 (CK19) messenger RNA copies. Our aim is to assess the value of OSNA in detection of LN metastases in PTC, in comparison with imprints and microscopic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue.

Vitamin D deficiency and its association with fatigue and quality of life in advanced cancer patients under palliative care: A cross-sectional study.

Background: A normal vitamin D status is required for bones and muscles to maintain their function and structure, but it also contributes to the functional integrity of other multiple physiologic systems in the body.

Aim: To assess the relationship of Vitamin D deficiency with health-related quality-of-life issues, fatigue, and physical functioning in advanced cancer patients.

Design: This is a cross-sectional study.

[The medical empathy, is it born or is it made? Evolution of the empathy in medical students].

Objective: Empathy is one of the basic skills in medicine that promotes better doctor-patient relationship, best professional competition and less professional stress. We don't found studies in our area. This study aims to measure the degree of empathy in medical students in our area and associated factors.

Selecting the minimum prediction base of historical data to perform 5-year predictions of the cancer burden: The GoF-optimal method.

Background: Predicting the future burden of cancer is a key issue for health services planning, where a method for selecting the predictive model and the prediction base is a challenge. A method, named here Goodness-of-Fit optimal (GoF-optimal), is presented to determine the minimum prediction base of historical data to perform 5-year predictions of the number of new cancer cases or deaths.

Methods: An empirical ex-post evaluation exercise for cancer mortality data in Spain and cancer incidence in Finland using simple linear and log-linear Poisson models was performed.

Influence of the ischaemic tourniquet in antibiotic prophylaxis in total knee replacement.

Objective: There is level iv evidence that the preoperative administration of antibiotics helps in the prevention of prosthetic infection. There is controversy on whether the ischemia applied during surgery may affect the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic in the peri-prosthetic tissues. The aim of this study is to review this phenomenon through the determination of antibiotic concentration in the synovial tissue.

Metabolomics predicts stroke recurrence after transient ischemic attack.

Objective: To discover, by using metabolomics, novel candidate biomarkers for stroke recurrence (SR) with a higher prediction power than present ones.

Methods: Metabolomic analysis was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in plasma samples from an initial cohort of 131 TIA patients recruited <24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Pattern analysis and metabolomic profiling, performed by multivariate statistics, disclosed specific SR and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) biomarkers.

Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

The response of Grapholita molesta (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.

How predictors and patterns of stroke recurrence after a TIA differ during the first year of follow-up.

The highest risk of subsequent stroke after a TIA occurs within the first week after the index event. However, the risk of stroke recurrence (SR) remains high during the first year of follow-up. We studied the temporal pattern and predictors of SR (at 7 days and from 7 days to 1-year follow-up).

[Observational and cross-sectional study of prevalence and severity of the opioid-induced bowel dysfunction].

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and severity of the opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD) symptoms.

Design: Epidemiological, observational and cross-sectional study.

Location: Six Spanish centers participated.

Recurrent transient ischaemic attack and early risk of stroke: data from the PROMAPA study.

Background: Many guidelines recommend urgent intervention for patients with two or more transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) within 7 days (multiple TIAs) to reduce the early risk of stroke.

Objective: To determine whether all patients with multiple TIAs have the same high early risk of stroke.

Methods: Between April 2008 and December 2009, we included 1255 consecutive patients with a TIA from 30 Spanish stroke centres (PROMAPA study).

[Juvenile glaucoma and optic disc pit with macular detachment in Klinefelter's syndrome].

Case Report: A 34- year- old man affected by Klinefelter syndrome, with loss of vision in his left eye, ocular hypertension with increased cupping in both eyes, and optic disc pit with serous macular detachment in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography showed a macular detachment with a double-layer detachment, consisting of both an inner layer separation and an outer layer detachment. The outer layer detachment did not seem to communicate with the optic disc.

Contribution of high-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging in determination of brain ischemia in transient ischemic attack patients.

Background And Purpose: High-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (b = 2,000 and b = 3,000 second/mm(2)) offers theoretical advantages over DWI examinations at b = 1,000 second/mm(2) for detection of acute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-b-value DWI are better than b = 1,000 images in TIA patients.

Methods: We compared DWI obtained with 3 different b-values (1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 second/mm(2)) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in 75 consecutive TIA patients.

Higher carotid intima media thickness predicts extracranial vascular events and not stroke recurrence among transient ischemic attack patients.

Background: Increased common carotid artery intima-media thickness has been associated with an increased risk of vascular ischemic events. We investigated the relationship between common carotid artery intima-media thickness and extracranial vascular events (coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial disease) or stroke recurrence in a cohort of transient ischemic attack patients from the REGITELL registry.

Methods: High-resolution B-mode ultrasonographic measurements of the common carotid artery intima-media thickness were performed in a series of 283 consecutive transient ischemic attack patients.

Survey of the knowledge and management of transient ischemic attacks among primary care physicians and nurses.

Introduction: Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) patients often report that Primary Care physicians (PCPs) and nurses are their main medical contacts after onset of symptoms in our health area. There are few studies on the knowledge and management of TIA among Community and Family Medicine professionals.

Material And Methods: Our aim was to study the current knowledge and practice in the management of TIA patients among Primary Care physicians and nurses.

[Validation of the ABCDI and ABCD2I scales in the registry of patients with transient ischemic attacks from Lleida (REGITELL) Spain].

Background And Objectives: A new radiological-clinical score (ABCDI) has been recently described to predict the risk of stroke recurrence after a transient ischemic attack (TIA). We validated this score in a cohort of patients with TIA (REGITELL).

Patients And Methods: We studied 310 consecutive patients with TIA.

Patterns of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging associated with etiology improve the accuracy of prognosis after transient ischaemic attack.

Objective: diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting acute ischaemic lesions in patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). The additional predictive value of DWI lesion patterns is not well known.

Methods: two hundred and fifty-four consecutive patients with TIA underwent DWI within 7 days of symptom onset.