External Laryngocele in an Adult: A Case Report.

Laryngocele is a rare condition marked by an abnormal enlargement of the air-filled saccule of the laryngeal ventricle. This case report showcases a distinctive presentation of external laryngocele to assist clinicians in its diagnosis and management. A 43-year-old male, with a 20-year history of painless swelling on the right side of his neck, likened to the size of an orange, presented with a recent increment in size.

The rate of blood culture contamination and common organisms isolated in Malaysian public hospitals.

Introduction: Blood culture contamination remains a dilemma issue in the diagnosis of bloodstream infection. However, to date, there is no national data on blood culture contamination and the common organism isolated in Malaysia. This is a pioneer multi-centre study involving public hospitals with medical microbiologists in Malaysia to determine the blood culture contamination rate and the common organism isolated.

Distinguishing features of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 febrile seizures in hospitalised children.

Introduction: Febrile seizures in children can be associated with various underlying conditions, including COVID-19. Differentiating COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 related febrile seizures is crucial for tailored patient management and for implementing appropriate infection control measures to prevent nosocomial transmission. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of children hospitalised for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 febrile seizures and to identify factors that differentiate between the two groups.

Clinical comparison of HMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children: A propensity score matched study.

Introduction: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant contributors to the burden of acute respiratory infections in children, but data on hMPV from Southeast Asia are limited despite its potential for serious disease. This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcomes between hMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included children aged ≤12 years old hospitalised with hMPV or RSV, confirmed via direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) methods, between 1 July to 30 October 2022 at Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Malaysia.

Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

Background: We describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) among children from Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

Methods: A retrospective, multicentre, observational study was performed among children ≤15 years old who were hospitalized for MIS-C between January 18, 2021 and June 30, 2023. The incidence of MIS-C was estimated using reported SARS-CoV-2 cases and census population data.

Walking further. How surgery can help the cerebral palsy child.

Introduction: The prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in Malaysia is estimated at 2.6 per 1000 live births which is comparable to that of Australian and European data with ranges of 2.3- 4.

Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Quality of Life among Children with Physical Disabilities.

Background: Children with physical disabilities (PD) have reduced levels of physical activity (PA) compared to typically developing children, which increases their risk of becoming overweight and obese, which leads to numerous adverse health consequences. This study aimed to determine the differences between groups classified by body mass index (BMI) percentile in terms of PA levels, cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life (QoL), and also to evaluate the relationship between BMI percentile and PA levels, cardiorespiratory endurance and QoL in children and adolescents with physical disabilities.

Methods: A total of 172 children and adolescents with PD aged between 5 and 17 years from Hospital Tunku Azizah were included in this cross-sectional study.

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized young infants and risk factors for disease severity.

Background: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and severity of young infants hospitalized with COVID-19 and study the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal COVID-19 vaccination on the severity of COVID-19.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed among infants aged 6 months and below hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary state hospital in Malaysia between February 1 and April 30, 2022. The primary outcome was "serious disease," defined as pneumonia requiring respiratory support or dehydration with warning signs.

Risk factors for disease severity among children with Covid-19: a clinical prediction model.

Background: Children account for a significant proportion of COVID-19 hospitalizations, but data on the predictors of disease severity in children are limited. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with moderate/severe COVID-19 and develop a nomogram for predicting children with moderate/severe COVID-19.

Methods: We identified children ≤ 12 years old hospitalized for COVID-19 across five hospitals in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021 from the state's pediatric COVID-19 case registration system.

In silico prediction of potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant using molecular docking and dynamics simulation-based drug repurposing.

Background: In November 2021, variant B.1.1.

Prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the paediatric department: Estimates from a multicenter cross-sectional survey in Negeri Sembilan.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has reached a phase where many have been infected at least once. Healthcare workers were not spared from being infected. This study aimed to determine the period prevalence of COVID-19 among the paediatric healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan as the country transitioned into an endemic phase of the pandemic.

The Role of Non Invasive Diagnosis of Internal Jugular Vein Phlebectasia.

Phlebectasia is the abnormal saccular fusiform dilatation (without tortuosity) of a vein, which may affect any vein. Its etiology remains unknown and it is seen usually in the pediatric age group as a unilateral lower neck swelling, mostly on the right side. The other differential diagnoses of the neck swellings which increase in size during a Valsalva manoeuver are tumors or cysts of the upper mediastinum, external laryngeal diverticulum or laryngoceles.

RARE PRESENTATION OF BILATERAL CAROTID-CAVERNOUS FISTULA AS SUPRACHOROIDAL HEMORRHAGE DURING CATARACT SURGERY.

Objective: To report a rare case of suprachoroidal hemorrhage during phacoemulsification in a patient with bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula.

Method: Case report.

Result: A 76-year-old woman with underlying hypertension presented left eye poor vision due to an underlying dense cataract.

The Kuala Pilah cluster cataract study: Accessible eye care reduces cataract blindness.

Objective: The Ministry of Health introduced the cluster hospital project in Kuala Pilah district in 2016 to allow sharing of resources between the hospitals in the same vicinity. The aim of this study is to compare the demographic profile, prevalence of cataract blindness and low vision among patients who presented for cataract surgery before and after the programme.

Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent cataract surgery in Kuala Pilah Cluster Hospitals between 2010 and 2017.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial ocular infection masquerading as choroidal tumour - a diagnostic conundrum.

To report a rare case of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) choroiditis masquerading as choroidal tumour, where the initial diagnosis was masked by keratitis. A 57-year-old heroin chaser with a pre-existing left eye blindness due to past blunt trauma presented with diffuse bacterial keratitis on the same side. Systemic examination revealed multiple non-tender cervical lymphadenopathies.

The Association Between Visual Field Reliability Indices and Cognitive Impairment in Glaucoma Patients.

Precis: This prospective cross-sectional study found that patients with cognitive impairment (CI) are more likely to produce unreliable visual field (VF) tests, especially with higher false-negative (FN) responses and consequent overestimation of mean deviation (MD).

Aim: Aging-associated CI can impair the ability of individuals to perform a VF test and compromise the reliability of the results. We evaluated the association between neurocognitive impairment and VF reliability indices in glaucoma patients.

Honeycomb and necklace signs in liver abscesses secondary to melioidosis.

Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia and tropical Australia with varying clinical features from benign skin lesions to fatal septicaemia. Imaging plays an important role in evaluation of the melioid liver abscesses. A 45-year-old man with underlying diabetes presented with fever and lethargy for 2 weeks and abdominal pain for 2 days.

Salvage of elbow function in chronic complex elbow fracture dislocation with total elbow arthroplasty: a case report.

In patients with an elbow fracture dislocation the incidence of radial head fracture is 36%, where as coronoid process fractures occur in 13%, and olecranon fractures in 4% of patients. Combination of all these fractures with a 'terrible triad' is rarely reported in the literature. We describe a 40 year old lady involved in a polytrauma who had head injury, pnuemothorax and an open fracture dislocation of the left elbow.

Osteoporotic compression fracture of spine treated with posterior instrumentation and transpedicular bone grafting.

A series of 11 patients with osteoporotic compression fracture of the spine who underwent posterior instrumentation and transpedicular bone drafting in Siriraj Hospital Bangkok was analysed retrospectively. The indications for surgery were neurological deficit, kyphotic deformity and intractable pain. The mean follow up period was 10.