Coronal decompensation following thoracic vertebral body tethering in idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: Post-operative coronal decompensation (CD) continues to be a challenge in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). CD following selective spinal fusion has been studied. However, there is currently little information regarding CD following Vertebral Body Tethering (VBT).

Mesolimbic connectivity signatures of impulsivity and BMI in early adolescence.

Across age groups, differences in connectivity of the mesolimbic and the prefrontal cortex co-vary with trait impulsivity and sensation-seeking. Impulsivity and sensation-seeking are also known to increase during early adolescence as maturation of subcortical structures outpaces that of the prefrontal cortex. While an imbalance between the striatum and prefrontal cortex is considered a normal developmental process, higher levels of adolescent impulsivity and sensation-seeking are associated with an increased risk for diverse problems, including obesity.

No association between metoclopramide treatment in ED and reduced risk of post-concussion headache.

Objective: There is a lack of definitive pediatric literature on effective pharmacotherapy for persistent post-concussion headache symptoms. This study assessed whether acute metoclopramide treatment in the Emergency Department (ED) was associated with a reduction in persistent headache in children at 1- and 4-weeks post-concussion.

Methods: Children aged 8-17years with acute concussion presenting to 9-Canadian Pediatric EDs were enrolled in a prospective cohort study, from August 2013-June 2015.

Association Between Early Participation in Physical Activity Following Acute Concussion and Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents.

Importance: Although concussion treatment guidelines advocate rest in the immediate postinjury period until symptoms resolve, no clear evidence has determined that avoiding physical activity expedites recovery.

Objective: To investigate the association between participation in physical activity within 7 days postinjury and incidence of persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, multicenter cohort study (August 2013-June 2015) of 3063 children and adolescents aged 5.

Association of Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms With Pediatric Quality of Life.

Importance: Persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) pose long-term challenges and can negatively affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To date, no large comprehensive study has addressed the association between PPCS and HRQoL.

Objectives: To determine the association between HRQoL and PPCS at 4 weeks after concussion and assess the degree of impairment of HRQoL in the subsequent 12 weeks.

Trabeculotomy in the Treatment of Pediatric Uveitic Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trabeculotomy in the treatment of pediatric uveitic glaucoma (UG).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases that underwent trabeculotomy for pediatric UG at our center between 2008 and 2014. Up to 2 trabeculotomies per eye were performed in patients with medically controlled uveitis.

Clinical Risk Score for Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms Among Children With Acute Concussion in the ED.

Importance: Approximately one-third of children experiencing acute concussion experience ongoing somatic, cognitive, and psychological or behavioral symptoms, referred to as persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS). However, validated and pragmatic tools enabling clinicians to identify patients at risk for PPCS do not exist.

Objective: To derive and validate a clinical risk score for PPCS among children presenting to the emergency department.

Fetal microglial phenotype in vitro carries memory of prior in vivo exposure to inflammation.

Objective: Neuroinflammation in utero may result in life-long neurological disabilities. The molecular mechanisms whereby microglia contribute to this response remain incompletely understood.

Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline were administered intravenously to non-anesthetized chronically instrumented near-term fetal sheep to model fetal inflammation in vivo.

The place of interventional radiology in Crohn disease in children.

The interventional radiologist plays an important role in the treatment of complicated Crohn disease in children. Interventional radiology includes percutaneous drainage of abscesses and insertion of suitable intravenous lines. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the management of these patients.

A large unilateral renal artery aneurysm in a young child.

The case of a 13-month-old boy with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) presenting with a large saccular aneurysm of the left renal artery and renovascular hypertension is reported. Renal and intrarenal arteries showed numerous small aneurysms alternating with stenoses. All arterial lesions were localized to the left kidney.

Multivitamin solutions for enteral supplementation: a source of peroxides.

Objective: We investigated whether solutions of enteral vitamin supplementation are involved in the generation of peroxides and whether that contamination is biologically significant.

Methods: Peroxide contents of oral multivitamin preparations were measured over 3 wk after the initial opening of the containers. In selected premature infants (younger than 35 wk gestation), urinary peroxides were measured after initiating oral multivitamin supplementation.

IL-16 inhibits IL-5 production by antigen-stimulated T cells in atopic subjects.

Background: We have previously shown increased expression of the CD4+ cell chemoattractant IL-16 at sites of airway allergic inflammation. Little is known about the significance of IL-16 in allergic inflammation and its role in allergen-driven T-cell cytokine responses. Because IL-16 interacts specifically with CD4+ T cells, we hypothesized that IL-16 released at sites of inflammation may modulate the pattern of cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells.

Increased urinary peroxides in newborn infants receiving parenteral nutrition exposed to light.

Objectives: To determine whether peroxide loads infused with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are fully quenched by premature infants.

Study Design: After baseline urine peroxide levels were established, the effect of various parenteral regimens was correlated with urinary peroxide levels in 64 newborn infants View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Contribution of multivitamins, air, and light in the generation of peroxides in adult and neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions.

Objective: To compare the concentrations of peroxides between adult and neonatal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions in response to protection against inducers of peroxidation such as multivitamins and exposure to light or air.

Methods: Peroxide concentrations were measured in freshly prepared adult and neonatal solutions of fat-free TPN in four settings: with or without an air inlet, and protected or unprotected from ambient light. An oxygen washout was performed by exposing a fat-free neonatal TPN solution to a continuous flow of nitrogen.

Protecting solutions of parenteral nutrition from peroxidation.

Background: Light exposure induces the generation of peroxides in solutions of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Peroxide toxicity has been documented in cell, in tissue, and in isolated organs. To decrease the infused peroxide load and to protect the quality of the parenteral nutrients, we tested the photoprotective properties of different infusion sets.

Glutathione synthetic activity in the lungs in newborn guinea pigs.

Depletion of glutathione, a key antioxidant, accelerates lung injury. Glutathione concentrations are reduced significantly in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome, leaving them at greater risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A study was designed to verify if the increased glutathione synthetic activity observed in oxygen-dependent and ventilated newborn infants was caused by their postsurgical state.

Bound iron admixture prevents the spontaneous generation of peroxides in total parenteral nutrition solutions.

Background: Parenteral administration of iron is a matter of controversy because it is feared that it could contribute to oxidative reactions. The aim of this study was to verify if irondextran participates in the redox reactions occurring in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions.

Methods: Irondextran was compared with different forms of iron in the interaction with peroxides.

Influence of bilirubin on the antioxidant capacity of plasma in newborn infants.

In vitro, bilirubin is a strong antioxidant, but in vivo its capacity to act as a scavenger of toxic oxygen radicals remains poorly documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate of bilirubin had antioxidant properties in jaundiced infants. The antioxidant capacity of neonatal plasma was measured in Trolox equivalents (TEAC, mmol/l) and correlated in vitro with plasma bilirubin concentrations (r2 = 0.

Inhibition of angiotensin II-stimulated inositol phosphate production by D2-dopamine receptor is calcium-dependent in human trophoblastic cells.

We previously reported that dopamine (DA) acted via D2-dopamine receptors in human trophoblastic cells to inhibit All-stimulated inositol phosphate (InsP) accumulation. However, the mechanism by which DA inhibited All-stimulated InsP accumulation is still unknown except that this inhibitory effect was sensitive to Pertussis toxin (PTX). In this study, we characterize this DA-mediated inhibition of All-stimulated InsP production in human placenta.

Short-term feeding of a diet enriched in phospholipids increases bile formation and the bile acid transport maximum in rats.

Earlier studies suggested that the secretory rate maximum (SRm) of bile acid and the cholestasis which occurs after the SRm is reached may be determined by the hepatic or extrahepatic biliary phospholipid pool. We therefore investigated whether bile formation and the bile acid SRm could be influenced by feeding a diet enriched in phospholipids. Male rats were fed phospholipid (PLD) or triacylglycerol (TgD)-enriched diet for 3 days, and bile formation as well as biliary lipid output were measured on the 4th day.

D2-dopamine agonists inhibit adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in human term trophoblastic cells.

We previously reported that dopamine (DA) acted via D2-dopamine receptors on human trophoblastic cells to inhibit basal and hormone-stimulated secretion of human placental lactogen (hPL). We also described that these DA effects were coupled with inhibition of calcium influx. The present study examines the interaction of placental D2-dopamine receptor with adenylate cyclase (AC).

Effect of L-carnitine on cerebral and hepatic energy metabolites in congenitally hyperammonemic sparse-fur mice and its role during benzoate therapy.

Sparse-fur (spf) mutant mice with X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency were used to study the effect of L-carnitine on energy metabolites in congenital hyperammonemia. L-Carnitine was used at doses of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mmol/kg body weight (BW), and levels of ammonia, glutamine, glutamate, and some intermediates of energy metabolism were measured in brain and liver of spf/Y mice. Cerebral and hepatic levels of ammonia were decreased with 4 mmol L-carnitine (P < .

Epidermal growth factor affects both glia and cholinergic neurons in septal cell cultures.

The effects of epidermal growth factor on high density primary cultures of fetal (embryonic day 17) rat septal cells were examined. Under serum-free conditions, the continuous exposure of these cultures to epidermal growth factor for seven days significantly decreased choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.