Lifestyle Patterns as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Late-life Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review Regarding Dementia Prevention.

Background: Dementias due to neurodegenerative disorders and more specifically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most frequent of all diseases within the industrialized world. Besides this alarming fact, it is noted too that almost three-quarter of people with AD reside in low or middle- income nations. In recent years, cognitive and behavioral neuroscientists have focused on a possible correlation between environmental agents and genetic risk factors for these dementias.

Incidence of surgical site infection after craniotomy: comparison between three months and twelve months of epidemiological surveillance.

Objective: To determine the incidence of surgical site infection in patients undergoing craniotomy and to compare 12-month and 3-month post-discharge surveillance periods in terms of their impact on the incidence of surgical site infection in those patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 173 adult patients submitted to "clean" craniotomy, with or without implants, during the six-month period, at a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. All the patients were evaluated in the pre-, trans- and postoperative periods and were followed for 12 months to analyze the development of surgical site infections.

Estimating the size of populations from dengue incidence data: Implications for the risk of yellow fever outbreaks.

In this paper we present a model to estimate the density of aedes mosquitoes in a community affected by dengue. The method consists in fitting a continuous function to the incidence of dengue infections, from which the density of infected mosquitoes is derived straightforwardly. Further derivations allow the calculation of the latent and susceptible mosquitoes' densities, the sum of the three equals the total mosquitoes' density.

Outcomes of Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: A Eurocord and EBMT Lymphoma and Cellular Therapy & Immunobiology Working Party Study.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is an alternative for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but only limited data on unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) are available. We analyzed 131 adults with HL who underwent UCBT in European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers from 2003 to 2015. Disease status at UCBT was complete remission (CR) in 59 patients (47%), and almost all patients had received a previous autologous stem cell transplantation.

Outcomes after pancreas retransplantation: is the juice worth the squeeze?

Purpose Of Review: Pancreas retransplantations are rarely carried out, and their outcomes are still debatable because of a lack of studies and clinical series on this issue.

Recent Findings: In general, pancreas retransplantations achieve similar or even higher patient survival than primary transplantations; however, it should be noted that this finding may be biased, as only healthier patients are selected for retransplantation. Graft survival in retransplantations is usually lower than that in primary transplantation, but this comparison may also be biased, as most retransplantations are solitary pancreas transplantations (which are known to have lower graft survival), whereas primary transplantations are mostly simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantations.

Correction to: Reply to the letter "Cardiac autonomic evaluation in breast cancer patients: role of cytokines and heart rate recovery".

Unfortunately, errors occurred in the original article.

Effects of oral propranolol for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effects of oral propranolol for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Methods: In this prospective, longitudinal interventional study, we administered oral propranolol at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg/day to five patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Perinatal outcomes after open fetal surgery for myelomeningocele repair: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Describe outcomes of open fetal surgery for myelomeningocele (MMC) repair in two Brazilian hospitals and the impact of surgical experience on outcome.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the stroke impact scale 2.0 (SIS): a quality-of-life scale for stroke.

Background: No specific quality-of-life scale for stroke patients has previously been translated and evaluated for reproducibility, for use in the Portuguese language. Internationally, the instrument for this purpose is the Stroke Impact Scale 2.0 (SIS).

Nocardial scleritis: A case report and a suggested algorithm for disease management based on a literature review.

Purpose: To report a case of nocardial scleritis and to propose a logical treatment algorithm based on a literature review.

Observations: It is important to suspect a nocardial infection when evaluating anterior unilateral scleritis accompanied by multiple purulent or necrotic abscesses, especially in male patients with a history of chronic ocular pain and redness, trauma inflicted by organic materials, or recent ophthalmic surgery. A microbiological investigation is essential.

Cardiac autonomic modulation impairments in advanced breast cancer patients.

Aim: To compare cardiac autonomic modulation in early- versus advanced-stage breast cancer patients before any type of cancer treatment and investigate associated factors.

Methods And Results: This cross-sectional study included women (30-69 years old) with primary diagnosis of breast cancer and women with benign breast tumors. We evaluated cardiac modulation by heart rate variability and assessed factors of anxiety, depression, physical activity, and other relevant medical variables.

Development of Routine Dental Care for Liver Transplant Outpatients.

Background: Liver transplantation has become commonplace for patients with end-stage liver disease. The liver is a bodily organ of great importance, and its dysfunction can cause significant complications throughout the body. Patients with hepatic disease should be able to acquire knowledge of the physiology of the liver via the dental profession, and it is also necessary to modify some aspects of dental treatment even in healthy patients.

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, and Mortality Reducing Pharmacological Treatment for Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Evidence-based Review.

Since it was first reported in 1912, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has become the leading cause of death in the Western world. Several improvements that have been made over the years in the pharmacological treatment of ACS have reduced the relative risk of death due to myocardial infarction from 35-45% previously to approximately 3.5% at present.

Estimating the probability of dengue virus introduction and secondary autochthonous cases in Europe.

Given the speed of air travel, diseases even with a short viremia such as dengue can be easily exported to dengue naïve areas within 24 hours. We set out to estimate the risk of dengue virus introductions via travelers into Europe and number of secondary autochthonous cases as a result of the introduction. We applied mathematical modeling to estimate the number of dengue-viremic air passengers from 16 dengue-endemic countries to 27 European countries, taking into account the incidence of dengue in the exporting countries, travel volume and the probability of being viremic at the time of travel.

Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto from southern Brazil.

Purpose: Cryptococcosis is acquired from the environment by the inhalation of Cryptococcus cells and may establish from an asymptomatic latent infection into pneumonia or meningoencephalitis. The genetic diversity of a Cryptococcus neoformans species complex has been investigated by several molecular tools, such as multi-locus sequence typing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite analysis. This study aimed to investigate the genotype distributions and antifungal susceptibility profiles of C.

Effect of in vitro vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation in human spermatozoon submitted to oxidative stress.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of in vitro supplementation with vitamin E in human spermatozoon incubated with an oxidative stress inducer. In this study, semen samples from 30 patients were collected and with one aliquot we performed semen analysis according to WHO. The remaining volume was divided into four aliquots: group C: incubated with BWW medium; group I: incubated with 5 mmol 1-1 hydrogen peroxide; group A: incubated with 40 μmol 1-1 vitamin E; and group AI: incubated with both them.

Rapid detection of bla directly from surveillance rectal swabs by EasyQ KPC.

The performance of EasyQ KPC assay was evaluated for the first time for bla detection directly from surveillance rectal swabs without broth enrichment. Using conventional polymerase chain reaction as gold standard method, EasyQ KPC and culture-based molecular tests demonstrated a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/87.3% and 83.

Evaluation of the risk of misidentification of women in a public maternity hospital.

Objective: To determine the frequency of similar names and hospital records of women in a public teaching maternity hospital and the risk of misidentification resulting from the similarity in spelling and pronunciation of the names and in records.

Method: Quantitative, documental and case study of 5,975 admissions that occurred between 2011 and 2014. The data name, admission and discharge date, date of birth, hospital record and bed number were collected from an electronic information system.

Estimating the prevalence of infectious diseases from under-reported age-dependent compulsorily notification databases.

Background: National or local laws, norms or regulations (sometimes and in some countries) require medical providers to report notifiable diseases to public health authorities. Reporting, however, is almost always incomplete. This is due to a variety of reasons, ranging from not recognizing the diseased to failures in the technical or administrative steps leading to the final official register in the disease notification system.

Off-pump versus On-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Frail Patients: Study Protocol for the FRAGILE Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Advances in modern medicine have led to people living longer and healthier lives. Frailty is an emerging concept in medicine yet to be explored as a risk factor in cardiac surgery. When it comes to CABG surgery, randomized controlled clinical trials have primarily focused on low-risk (ROOBY, CORONARY), elevated-risk (GOPCABE) or high-risk patients (BBS), but not on frail patients.