Prostate cancer diagnostic pathway in men with lower urinary tract symptoms or performing opportunistic screening: The Italian Society of Urology (SIU) position paper.

Background: Voluntary PCa screening frequently results in excessive use of unnecessary diagnostic tests and an increasing risk of detection of indolent PCa and unaffordable costs for the various national health systems. In this scenario, the Italian Society of Urology (Società Italiana di Urologia, SIU) proposes an organized flow chart guiding physicians to improve early diagnosis of significant PCa avoiding unnecessary diagnostic tests and prostate biopsy.

Methods: According to available evidence and international guidelines [i.

Organized prostate cancer screening program: a proposal from the Italian Society of Urology (SIU).

To contrast opportunistic PCa screening, the European Union Council suggested extending screening programs to PCa by recommending the implementation of a stepwise approach in the EU Countries to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an organized program based on PSA testing in combination with additional MRI as a follow-up test. The objective of this expert-based document is to propose an organized PCa screening program according to the EU Council recommendations. The Italian Society of Urology (SIU) developed a team of experts with the aim to report 1) the most recent epidemiologic data about incidence, prevalence, and mortality of PCa; 2) the most important risk factors to identify categories of men with an increased risk to eventually develop the disease; 3) the most relevant studies presenting data on population-based screening; and 4) the current recommendations of the leading International Guidelines.

Printable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Conductive Patches for Cardiac Tissue Remodeling.

Myocardial cardiopathy is one of the highest disease burdens worldwide. The damaged myocardium has little intrinsic repair ability, and as a result, the distorted muscle loses strength for contraction, producing arrhythmias and fainting, and entails a high risk of sudden death. Permanent implantable conductive hydrogels that can restore contraction strength and conductivity appear to be promising candidates for myocardium functional recovery.

Betting on Your Feelings: The Interplay between Emotion and Cognition in Gambling Affective Task.

: Gambling Disorder (GD) is a bio-psycho-social disorder resulting from the interaction of clinical, cognitive, and affective factors. Impulsivity is a crucial factor in addiction studies, as it is closely linked to cognitive distortions in GD by encompassing impulsive choices, motor responses, decision-making, and cognitive biases. Also, emotions, mood, temperament, and affective state are crucial in developing and maintaining GD.

Charting connections: A systematic review of colorectal surgery research networks.

Research in surgery faces intrinsic difficulties such as the lack of reproducibility of surgical operations, self-referring surgeons, decentralized data. Establishing a community of qualified researchers across surgeons is crucial. Clinical networks have been proposed as solutions to many challenges in surgical research, yet their implementation remains uncommon, especially for surgical trialists.

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Quality in Italy: A Nationwide Study.

Background And Aims: International guidelines advise improving esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) quality in Western countries, where gastric cancer is still diagnosed in advanced stages. This nationwide study investigated some indicators for the quality of EGD performed in endoscopic centers in Italy.

Methods: Clinical, endoscopic, and procedural data of consecutive EGDs performed in one month in the participating centers were reviewed and collected in a specific database.

High Mannose Correlates With Surrogate Indexes of Insulin Resistance and Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events Independently of Glycemic Status and Traditional Risk Factors.

Objective: To explore the associations among mannose, indexes of insulin resistance (IR) and secretion, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: Fasting mannose was assayed in 1,403 participants, one-half of which had a first myocardial infarction (MI) with either normal glucose tolerance (n = 1,045) or newly detected dysglycemia (i.e.

A global analysis of implants and replacements of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 emergency, non-urgent surgical procedures had to be deferred, but also emergencies were reduced. To assess the global trend of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardiac-defibrillator (ICD) procedures performed in Italy before, during, and after the first COVID-19 emergency, all the Italian hospital discharge records related to PM/ICD procedures performed between 2012 and 2021, sent to the National Institute of Health, were reviewed. Compared to 2019, in 2020, there was a reduction of first PM implants (52,216 to 43,962, -16%; p < 0.

Inferior mesenteric artery ligation level in rectal cancer surgery: still no answer-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current scientific evidence regarding the impact of the level of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation on post-operative and oncological outcomes in rectal cancer surgery.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature up to 06 September 2022. Included were RCTs that compared patients who underwent high (HL) vs.

Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Bilateral Renal Masses.

Purpose Of Review: There are very few data on patients undergoing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for bilateral renal masses. The aim of this review is to update the literature and discuss the controversial points on this topic.

Recent Findings: Nine papers have been published regarding RAPN for bilateral renal masses.

The impact of child psychiatric conditions on future educational outcomes among a community cohort in Brazil.

Aims: Mental health problems early in life can negatively impact educational attainment, which in turn have negative long-term effects on health, social and economic opportunities. Our aims were to: (i) estimate the impacts of different types of psychiatric conditions on educational outcomes and (ii) to estimate the proportion of adverse educational outcomes which can be attributed to psychiatric conditions.

Methods: Participants ( = 2511) were from a school-based community cohort of Brazilian children and adolescents aged 6-14 years enriched for high family risk of psychiatric conditions.

Utilisation and costs of mental health-related service use among adolescents.

Background: The high level of care needs for adolescents with mental health conditions represents a challenge to the public sector, especially in low and middle-income countries. We estimated the costs to the public purse of health, education, criminal justice and social care service use associated with psychiatric conditions among adolescents in Brazil; and examined whether the trajectory of psychopathology and its impact on daily life, and parental stigma towards mental illness, was associated with service utilisation and costs.

Methods: Data on reported service use among adolescents from a prospective community cohort (n = 1,400) were combined with Brazilian unit costs.

Management of Preschool Wheezing: Guideline from the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group.

Preschool wheezing should be considered an umbrella term for distinctive diseases with different observable and measurable phenotypes. Despite many efforts, there is a large gap in knowledge regarding management of preschool wheezing. In order to fill this lack of knowledge, the aim of these guidelines was to define management of wheezing disorders in preschool children (aged up to 5 years).

F-FDG PET, cognitive functioning, and CSF biomarkers in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea before and after continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

Introduction: Dysregulation of cerebral glucose consumption, alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and cognitive impairment have been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). On these bases, OSA has been considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to measure cognitive performance, CSF biomarkers, and cerebral glucose consumption in OSA patients and to evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on these biomarkers over a 12-month period.

A Role of Circuit Clotting and Strategies to Prevent It during Blood Purification Therapy with oXiris Membrane: An Observational Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Membrane fouling is a significant complication potentially reducing clinical effects of extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) in critically ill septic patients with acute kidney injury. Although fascinating, the effect of heparin coating in preventing membrane fouling is currently unknown. This multicenter prospective study aims to preliminary describe the incidence, associated factors, and clinical consequences of premature circuit clotting in a cohort of adult critically ill septic patients treated with EBP using a high biocompatible heparin-coated hemodiafilter characterized by advanced adsorption properties.

Follow-up of the Urethra and Management of Urethral Recurrence After Radical Cystectomy: A Systematic Review and Proposal of Management Algorithm by the European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists: Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group.

Context: Surveillance of the urethra and management of urethral recurrence (UR) after radical cystectomy (RC) is an area with poor evidence.

Objective: We aimed to summarize the available evidence and provide clinicians with practical recommendations on how to prevent and manage UR after RC for bladder cancer.

Evidence Acquisition: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched during September 2021 for studies evaluating UR after RC.

Brivaracetam as add-on treatment in patients with post-stroke epilepsy: real-world data from the BRIVAracetam add-on First Italian netwoRk Study (BRIVAFIRST).

Objective: Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is one of the most common causes of acquired epilepsy and accounts for about 10-15% of all newly diagnosed epilepsy cases. However, evidence about the clinical profile of antiseizure medications in the PSE setting is currently limited. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a rationally developed compound characterized by high-affinity binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2A.

Is Hypertension Associated with Worse Renal Functional Outcomes after Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy? Results from a Multi-Institutional Cohort.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health issue. There are limited data regarding the effects of HTN in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal tumors. To address this void, we tested the association between HTN and renal function after minimally invasive PN (MIPN).

Immediate radical cystectomy versus BCG immunotherapy for T1 high-grade non-muscle-invasive squamous bladder cancer: an international multi-centre collaboration.

Purpose: To compare cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and overall mortality (OM) between immediate radical cystectomy (RC) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for T1 squamous bladder cancer (BCa).

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 188 T1 high-grade squamous BCa patients treated between 1998 and 2019 at fifteen tertiary referral centres. Median follow-up time was 36 months (interquartile range: 19-76).

Carboplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation after radical cystectomy in patients with pN1-3 urothelial bladder cancer.

Purpose: To test the impact of carboplatin-based ACT on overall survival (OS) in patients with pN1-3 cM0 BCa.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1057 patients with pTany pN1-3 cM0 urothelial BCa treated with or without carboplatin-based ACT after radical cystectomy and bilateral lymph-node dissection between 2002 and 2018 at 12 European and North-American hospitals. No patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Simultaneous robotic partial nephrectomy for bilateral renal masses.

Purpose: There is currently no consensus regarding the optimal treatment strategy for patients presenting with synchronous bilateral renal masses. The decision to perform bilateral procedures on the same intervention or in staged procedures is debated. The aim of this manuscript is to analyse the outcomes of simultaneous robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in a series of patients with bilateral renal masses treated at five Italian robotic institutions.