94 results match your criteria: "Hospital Regional de Talca[Affiliation]"

Latin Americans have a rich genetic make-up that translates into heterogeneous fractions of the autosomal genome in runs of homozygosity (F) and heterogeneous types and proportions of indigenous American ancestry. While autozygosity has been linked to several human diseases, very little is known about the relationship between inbreeding, genetic ancestry, and cancer risk in Latin Americans. Chile has one of the highest incidences of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in the world, and we investigated the association between inbreeding, GBC, gallstone disease (GSD), and body mass index (BMI) in 4029 genetically admixed Chileans.

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Early recognition of acute kidney injury is essential to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease. We present the case of a 19-year-old man with multiple emergency department visits for fatigue, abdominal pain, and intermittent dark urine. Upon admission, he had pancytopenia with elements suggestive of hemolysis and acute kidney injury.

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Regional Hereditary Cancer Program in Chile: A scalable model of genetic counseling and molecular diagnosis to improve clinical outcomes for patients with hereditary cancer across Latin America.

Biol Res

December 2024

Unidad de Innovación en Prevención y Oncología de Precisión Centro Oncológico, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Innovación en Prevención y Oncología de Precisión Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile.

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with hereditary forms accounting for approximately 10% of cases. In Chile, significant gaps exist in genetic counseling and testing, particularly within the public health system. This study presents the implementation and outcomes of the first regional hereditary cancer program in the Maule region of Chile, aimed at improving detection and management of hereditary breast cancer.

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Background: The appropriate use of imaging methods in bone and soft tissue tumours of the hand is well established in the radiological literature. However, since most of the tumoral conditions of the hand are benign, the use of imaging methods may be based on clinician preferences and technical availability. The aim of this work is to present the experience in our institution in the management of tumours and pseudo-tumours of the hand and to review the utility of different imaging methods in their diagnosis.

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Objective: To identify delays for surgery to stabilize subaxial cervical fractures and the main reasons for them across Latin America.

Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients surgically treated for subaxial cervical fractures from 13 spine centers across Latin America from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2023. Causes of delay to surgery beyond 24 hours were documented.

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Gallbladder cancer (GBC) mortality in Chile is among the highest worldwide. In 2006, the Chilean government launched a programme guaranteeing access to gallbladder surgery (cholecystectomy) for patients aged 35-49 years. We evaluated the impact of this programme on digestive cancer mortality.

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Do not resuscitate orders and limitation of therapeutic effort: Ethical challenges in healthcare teams in Chile.

Salud Colect

June 2024

Doctora en Enfermería. Coordinadora, Maestría de Investigación en Metodologías Cualitativas para la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile.

The purpose of this paper is to delve into the ethical aspects experienced by the healthcare team when they receive the directive to limit therapeutic effort or a do-not-resuscitate order. From an interpretative, qualitative paradigm with a content analysis approach, a process based on three phases was conducted: pre-analysis in which categories were identified, the projection of the analysis, and inductive analysis. During 2023, interviews were conducted in the clinical setting of a high-complexity hospital in Chile with 56 members of the healthcare teams from critical and emergency units, from which four categories emerged: a) the risk of violating patients' rights by using do-not-resuscitate orders and limiting therapeutic effort; b) the gap in the interpretation of the legal framework addressing the care and attention of patients at the end of life or with terminal illnesses by the healthcare team; c) ethical conflicts in end-of-life care; and d) efficient care versus holistic care in patients with terminal illness.

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Genomic and Phylogenomic Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa 'High-risk' Clone O4/ExoS+/ST654 Circulating in Chilean Hospitals.

J Glob Antimicrob Resist

September 2024

Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Grupo de Estudio en Resistencia Antimicrobiana (GRAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is a major public health concern in Chile, mainly linked to ventilator-associated pneumonia, with limited molecular epidemiological data available.
  • A study characterized the phylogenomics and molecular characteristics of ST654 CRPA isolates collected between 2016 and 2022, involving 89 samples from various hospitals.
  • Results showed that 38.2% of the strains belonged to the high-risk ST654 clone, primarily associated with KPC production, a broad resistome, and specific virulence factors, highlighting the need for ongoing molecular surveillance.
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Article Synopsis
  • Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a rare condition characterized by systemic vasculitis leading to both venous and arterial thrombosis, making it hard to differentiate from pulmonary embolism (PE) early on.
  • This study compared 40 HSS patients to 50 PE patients, analyzing demographics, clinical findings, and results from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).
  • Results revealed that HSS patients were significantly younger and did not have co-morbidities like many PE patients; HSS showed unique vascular changes, including more frequent parenchymal hemorrhage and distinct pulmonary artery aneurysms.*
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Importance: Current treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis slow the rate of lung function decline, but may be associated with adverse events that affect medication adherence. In phase 2 trials, pamrevlumab (a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits connective tissue growth factor activity) attenuated the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis without substantial adverse events.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of pamrevlumab for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

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Introduction: The incidence of squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC) has presented an increase worldwide, a fact that occurs along with a phenomenon of epidemiological transition, whose pathogenesis is linked to human papilloma virus (HPV) in a significant part of the cases. Published evidence at the Latin American level is scarce. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated in a public oncology reference centre in Chile.

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Effect of Nintedanib in Patients with Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in Subgroups with Differing Baseline Characteristics.

Adv Ther

December 2023

National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.

Introduction: In the INBUILD trial in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), nintedanib slowed the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC; mL/year) over 52 weeks compared with placebo. We assessed the efficacy of nintedanib across subgroups in the INBUILD trial by baseline characteristics.

Methods: We assessed the rate of decline in FVC over 52 weeks and time to progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD) (absolute decline from baseline in FVC % predicted > 10%) or death over the whole trial in subgroups based on sex, age, race, body mass index (BMI), time since diagnosis of ILD, FVC % predicted, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLco) % predicted, composite physiologic index (CPI), GAP (gender, age, lung physiology) stage, use of anti-acid therapy and use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) at baseline.

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A strong association between the proportion of indigenous South American Mapuche ancestry and the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has been reported in observational studies. Chileans show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and the Mapuche are the largest indigenous people in Chile. We set out to assess the confounding-free effect of the individual proportion of Mapuche ancestry on GBC risk and to investigate the mediating effects of gallstone disease and body mass index (BMI) on this association.

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Since 2006, Chile has been implementing a gallbladder cancer (GBC) prevention program based on prophylactic cholecystectomy for gallstone patients aged 35 to 49 years. The effectiveness of this prevention program has not yet been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a retrospective study of 473 Chilean GBC patients and 2137 population-based controls to develop and internally validate three GBC risk prediction models.

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Background: High-quality surgery plays a central role in the delivery of excellent oncologic care. Benchmark values indicate the best achievable results. We aimed to define benchmark values for gallbladder cancer (GBC) surgery across an international population.

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Preclinical and Clinical Trials of New Treatment Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Subtypes of Breast Cancer.

Cells

February 2023

Unidad de Innovación en Prevención y Oncología de Precisión, Centro Oncológico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile.

Breast cancer (BC) can be classified into various histological subtypes, each associated with different prognoses and treatment options, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Despite advances in this area, many patients still face treatment failure, the risk of metastasis, and disease recurrence, which can ultimately lead to death. Mammary tumors, like other solid tumors, contain a population of small cells known as cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that have high tumorigenic potential and are involved in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapy.

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Purpose: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma subtype. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, prognostic factors, and results of DLBCL that was treated in the cancer centers of the public health system in Chile and compare cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) with rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP).

Patients And Methods: Patients age > 15 years who were treated in 18 cancer centers in the country between 2001 and 2017 were included.

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Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic treatment and is associated with decreased quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the neurotoxicity subscale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-Ntx) for the Chilean population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study in which 101 participants with haematologic, colorectal, breast, gastric, gynaecological, and other types of cancer completed the FACT/GOG-Ntx.

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Clinical Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients.

Kidney Int Rep

October 2022

Fuerza de Trabajo anti COVID-19, Sociedad Chilena de Nefrología, Chile.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health problem. Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are at a higher risk of infection and mortality than the general population. Worldwide, a vaccination campaign has been developed that has been shown to reduce severe infections and deaths in the general population.

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Purpose: Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is the 5 cancer with the highest incidence and the 4 in mortality. To reduce it, one strategy is to diagnose preneoplastic lesions (PNL): atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia (DYS); to form risk groups on which to focus surveillance efforts as are first-degree relatives (FDR). The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of gastric PNL in FDR of patients with GC, and to study association with sex, age, and Helicobacter pylorii (Hp) infection.

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 Four-corner arthrodesis is a salvage technique for patients with carpal advanced osteoarthritis. Nowadays, percutaneous techniques with arthroscopic assistance have been described, achieving favorable results with minimally invasive techniques advantages over open surgery.  To compare functional and radiological results in patients with SLAC or SNAC wrists operated with open surgical technique versus percutaneous surgery with arthroscopic assistance.

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Polymorphisms in the FRMD4A Gene Are Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Susceptibility in a Latin American Population.

Arch Bronconeumol

May 2022

Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile. Electronic address:

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Sustained Antibody-Dependent NK Cell Functions in Mild COVID-19 Outpatients During Convalescence.

Front Immunol

March 2022

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has left researchers scrambling to identify the humoral immune correlates of protection from COVID-19. To date, the antibody mediated correlates of virus neutralization have been extensively studied. However, the extent that non-neutralizing functions contribute to anti-viral responses are ill defined.

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in cell processes and are good candidates for cancer risk prediction. Few studies have investigated the association between individual genotypes and lncRNA expression. Here we integrate three separate datasets with information on lncRNA expression only, both lncRNA expression and genotype, and genotype information only to identify circulating lncRNAs associated with the risk of gallbladder cancer () using robust linear and logistic regression techniques.

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