Fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans is induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing.

Microorganisms employ quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms to communicate with each other within microbial ecosystems. Emerging evidence suggests that intraspecies and interspecies QS plays an important role in antimicrobial resistance in microbial communities. However, the relationship between interkingdom QS and antimicrobial resistance is largely unknown.

Incorrect measurements and misleading conclusions in the article "Comparison of the efficacy of tooth alignment among lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study".

Background/objective: To reproduce the methods and results of the study by Alobeid et al. (2018) in which the efficacy of tooth alignment using conventional labial and lingual orthodontic bracket systems was assessed.

Materials/methods: We used the identical experimental protocol and tested (i) regular twin bracket (GAC-Twin [Dentsply]) and lingual twin bracket systems (Incognito [3M]), (ii) together with NiTi 0.

Effectiveness of thicker hamstring or patella tendon grafts to reduce graft failure rate in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in young patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) failure rate in young patients utilizing the New Zealand (NZ) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Registry. The hypothesis was that the ACLR rupture rate would be lower for thicker hamstring graft and bone patellar tendon bone (BPB) grafts in comparison to the classic hamstring technique. The ACLR failure rate was assessed according to graft type and patients' sex.

Surgical smoke and the anesthesia provider.

Surgical smoke generated by use of electrosurgical units (ESUs), lasers, and ultrasonic scalpels constitutes a physical, chemical, and biological hazard for anesthesia personnel. Inhalation of particulate matter with inflammatory consequences, pulmonary injury from products of tissue pyrolysis, exposure to mutagens and carcinogens, and the transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) and possibly other pathogens represent a spectrum of adverse effects associated with the occupational exposure to surgical plume. While adequate operating room ventilation and use of high filtration-efficiency masks offer some protection from these conditions, the most effective method of safeguarding against surgical smoke involves its removal with a dedicated smoke evacuation device (SED).

Is implicit motor imagery altered in people with shoulder pain? The shoulder left/right judgement task.

Background: Implicit motor imagery performance is altered in a variety of chronic pain conditions, but it is not known whether this is the case in shoulder pain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess implicit motor imagery performance, using a valid and reliable shoulder left/right judgement task in people with shoulder pain.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Cognitive outcomes of the bipolar depression electrical treatment trial (BETTER): a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.

Bipolar depression is associated with marked cognitive deficits. Pharmacological treatments for this condition are limited and may aggravate depressive and cognitive symptoms. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that preserve adequate cognitive functioning are necessary.

Phase I randomized trial of liothyronine for remyelination in multiple sclerosis: A dose-ranging study with assessment of reliability of visual outcomes.

Background: Thyroid hormone promotes remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) animal models through a variety of mechanisms. Liothyronine (L-T3) is a short-acting thyroid hormone with demonstrated safety and tolerability for short-term and chronic use in euthyroid adults with other health conditions, but has not been studied in people with MS. The objectives of this single-center, phase I, placebo-controlled, clinical trial were to determine the safety, tolerability, and optimal dosing of L-T3 in people with MS in preparation for a phase 2 remyelination clinical trial.

Influence of Inhalation Injury on Incidence, Clinical Profile and Recovery Pattern of Dysphagia Following Burn Injury.

Inhalation injury is predictive of dysphagia post burns; however, the nature of dysphagia associated with inhalation burns is not well understood. This study describes the clinical profile and recovery pattern of swallowing following inhalation burn injury. All patients admitted 2008-2017 with confirmed inhalation burns on laryngoscopy and managed by speech-language pathology (SLP) were included.

Histopathological imaging database for oral cancer analysis.

The repository is composed of 1224 images divided into two sets of images with two different resolutions. First set consists of 89 histopathological images with the normal epithelium of the oral cavity and 439 images of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in 100x magnification. The second set consists of 201 images with the normal epithelium of the oral cavity and 495 histopathological images of OSCC in 400x magnification.

"I'm sure we talked about it": Midwives experiences of ethics education and ethical dilemmas, a qualitative study.

Aim: Midwives are expected to identify and help resolve ethics problems that arise in practice, skills that are presumed to be taught in midwifery educational programs. In this study, we explore how midwives recognize ethical dilemmas in clinical practice and examine the sources of their ethics education.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with midwives from throughout the United States (U.

Evaluation of the clinical practice of aminoglycoside use in paediatric patients in Kenya: findings and implications for lower-middle income countries.

Objectives: To evaluate the practice of aminoglycoside use/monitoring in Kenya and explore healthcare worker (HCW) perceptions of aminoglycoside monitoring to identify gaps and opportunities for future improvements, given the low therapeutic index of aminoglycosides.

Methods: This was a two-phase study whereby we reviewed patients' medical records at Kenyatta National Hospital (October-December 2016) in Phase 1 and interviewed HCWs face to face in Phase 2. Outcome measures included describing and evaluating the practice of aminoglycoside use and monitoring and compliance to guidelines.

Impact of Physician Race on Patient Decision-Making and Ratings of Physicians: a Randomized Experiment Using Video Vignettes.

Background: Studies suggest that black patients have better interactions, on average, with physicians of their own race. Whether this reflects greater "cultural competence" in race-concordant relationships, or other effects of race unrelated to physician behavior, is unclear. It is also unclear if physician race influences patient decision-making.

Correction to: Neural correlates of reward magnitude and delay during a probabilistic delay discounting task in alcohol use disorder.

After publication of this paper, the authors determined an error in the funding information section CX17008-CDA2 should be CX001790 (MK).

Evolutionary Divergence of Enzymatic Mechanisms for Tubulin Detyrosination.

The two related members of the vasohibin family, VASH1 and VASH2, encode human tubulin detyrosinases. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to VASH1, which requires binding of small vasohibin binding protein (SVBP), VASH2 has autonomous tubulin detyrosinating activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that SVBP acts as a bona fide activator of both enzymes.

Efficacy and acceptability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for major depressive disorder: An individual patient data meta-analysis.

We evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for treating acute depressive episodes using individual patient data that provide more precise estimates than aggregate data meta-analysis. A systematic review of placebo-controlled trials on tDCS as only intervention was conducted until December-2018. Data from each study was collated to estimate odds ratio (OR) and number needed to treat (NNT) of response and remission, and depression improvement.

Rare Use of Posterolateral Thoracotomy in an Austere Environment.

A 25-year-old local national male presented to a split Forward Surgical Team after impalement of the posterior chest with a metal fragment. The patient was hemodynamically normal, but no imaging was available to determine the depth of penetration or the size of the internal portion of the fragment. This case represents a rare indication for posterolateral thoracotomy in an austere trauma setting.

A Novel Partial MHC Class II Construct, DRmQ, Inhibits Central and Peripheral Inflammatory Responses to Promote Neuroprotection in Experimental Stroke.

Recognizing that the pathologic progression of stroke is closely associated with aberrant immune responses, in particular the activation of peripheral leukocytes, namely T cells, we hypothesized that finding a treatment designed to inhibit neuroantigen-specific T cells and block cytotoxic monocytes and macrophages may render therapeutic effects in stroke. We previously reported that subcutaneous administration of partial MHC class II constructs promote behavioral and histological effects in stroke mice by centrally promoting a protective M2 macrophage/microglia phenotype in the CNS and peripherally reversing stroke-associated splenic atrophy. Here, we employed a second species using adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model and observed similar therapeutic effects with a mouse partial MHC class II construct called DRmQ, as evidenced by reductions in stroke-induced motor deficits, infarcts, and peri-infarct cell loss and neuroinflammation.

The Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis International Disease Severity Study: Do Operative Curve Magnitude and Complications Vary by Country?

Background: The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in diverse regions of the world has been studied. Access to care varies widely, and differences in disease severity and operative treatment outcomes are not well understood. This study aimed to determine variation in disease presentation and operative complications for AIS patients from an international cohort.

Neural correlates of reward magnitude and delay during a probabilistic delay discounting task in alcohol use disorder.

Rationale: Alcohol-use disorder (AUD) is associated with the propensity to choose smaller sooner options on the delay discounting task. It is unclear, however, how inherent risk underlies delay discounting behavior. As impulsive choice is a hallmark feature in AUD, it is important to understand the neural response to reward and delay while accounting for risk in impulsive decision-making.

Estrogen-induced compensatory mechanisms protect IL-10-deficient mice from developing EAE.

Background: IL-10 knockout (KO) mice are protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with low-dose estrogen (E2) treatment similar to wild-type (WT) mice. Previous studies have demonstrated a decrease in tumor necrosis factor in all E2-treated groups, which led to the protection of the mice.

Methods: This study used IL-10 KO mice and WT mice treated either with E2 or sham pellets 7 days prior to induction of EAE.

Assessment and Measurement of Spasticity in MS: State of the Evidence.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to familiarize the reader with assessments and measurement of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Spasticity affects 60-84% of people with MS, worsening as disability worsens and impacting activity, participation, and quality of life. Spasticity manifests in many ways, including spasms, resistance to passive stretch, pain, and perception of tightness, and can affect muscles throughout the body, making assessment and quantification of spasticity challenging but important.

Sex differences in the therapeutic effects of anti-PDL2 neutralizing antibody on stroke.

Inflammation involving migration of immune cells across the damaged blood-brain barrier (BBB), activation of resident innate microglia and production of inflammatory humoral mediators such as cytokines and chemokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Cell-cell signaling involved in the process also includes checkpoint interaction between programmed death receptor (PD1) and programmed death ligands, PDL1 and PDL2. Based on our previous studies showing reduced MCAO infarct volumes in PDL2 deficient mice, we evaluated the ability of anti-PDL2 mAb to treat MCAO in male and female C57BL/6 mice.

Using Electronic Health Record Data to Study Latino Immigrant Populations in Health Services Research.

The study of healthcare disparities in Latino immigrants is underdeveloped and limited by risk to participants. To validate an electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithm that could serve as a safe proxy for self-reported immigration status for health services researchers. Primary collection/analysis of interview data and secondary analysis of electronic health record data.