Resilient health care in global pediatric oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: In the face of unprecedented challenges because of coronavirus disease 2019, interdisciplinary pediatric oncology teams have developed strategies to continue providing high-quality cancer care. This study explored factors contributing to health care resilience as perceived by childhood cancer providers in all resource level settings.

Methods: This qualitative study consisted of 19 focus groups conducted in 16 countries in 8 languages.

[Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with autoimmunity and ectodermal dysplasia. A case report].

Introduction: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with autoimmunity and ectodermal dysplasia is an inborn error of immunity, characterized by a classic triad (chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hyperparathyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency) due to the presence of autoantibodies against different endocrine and non-endocrine organs; and it is predominant in Jews and Finns.

Case Report: A 7-year-old girl of European descent and positive consanguinity, with a personal history of recurrent respiratory infections, chronic candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis, and pancytopenia. The clinical findings raised suspicions of an inborn error of immunity, and the accurate diagnosis of APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy) was made by detecting a pathogenic variant in the AIRE gene through new- generation sequencing technologies.

A Case Report of Guillain-Barre Syndrome in an Eleven-Month Infant.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated progressive predominantly motor symmetric polyradiculoneuropathy which causes demyelination and leads to weakness, ataxia and areflexia. There are a variety of forms of the syndrome; and despite being the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children, it has a low incidence under 18 years old, and it is even rarer in children less than 2 years of age. Very few cases have been reported under 12 months of age.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Following Incomplete Kawasaki Disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, typically affecting children younger than 5 years of age. A direct relationship between KD and the development of malignant tumors has not been demonstrated, however, the immunological alterations of KD could be associated with its development. An 11-month-old male was diagnosed with incomplete KD.

Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Series Report in a Pediatric Center in Mexico.

We report four cases of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, of which three patients presented characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD). All presented fever of more than 3 days, and gastrointestinal involvement, significant increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), polymorphonuclear cells, procalcitonin, D-dimer, fibrinogen and troponin, lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia. Myocardial involvement was observed in two patients.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case series in Sinaloa.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect both adults and children. Although COVID-19 has a lower prevalence in infancy and has been described as mild, the clinical characteristics may vary, and there is a possibility of complications. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of confirmed COVID-19 pediatric cases in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first 3 months of the pandemic, and children admitted with COVID-19 to a secondary hospital.

Clinical and organizational risk factors for mortality during deterioration events among pediatric oncology patients in Latin America: A multicenter prospective cohort.

Background: Hospitalized pediatric hematology-oncology (PHO) patients have frequent clinical deterioration events (CDE) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, particularly in resource-limited settings. The objective of this study was to describe CDEs in hospitalized PHO patients in Latin America and to identify event-level and center-level risk factors for mortality.

Methods: In 2017, the authors implemented a prospective registry of CDEs, defined as unplanned transfers to a higher level of care, use of ICU-level interventions on the floor, or nonpalliative floor deaths, in 16 PHO centers in 10 countries.

Prophylactic corticosteroids for paediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: Corticosteroids are routinely given to children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in an attempt to ameliorate the inflammatory response. Their use is still controversial and the decision to administer the intervention can vary by centre and/or by individual doctors within that centre.

Objectives: This review is designed to assess the benefits and harms of prophylactic corticosteroids in children between birth and 18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.

[Giant coronary aneurysms in infant with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome].

Background: Kawasaki disease shock syndrome is a rare presentation of Kawasaki disease, in which cardiovascular manifestations associated with elevated inflammation biomarkers that develop hypotension are observed. It is preceded by gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations, with an increased risk of coronary lesions and resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin.

Case Report: A 5-month-old male patient with a fever that had developed in the last week, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms with hypotensive shock, urticarial rash, BCG lymphadenitis, and edema of palms and soles.

Social media can have an impact on how we manage and investigate the COVID-19 pandemic.

• In situations of emergencies and urgencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, many are disseminating information through social media channels; this has an impact on billions of persons worldwide. • Misinformation about the current pandemic occurs frequently in these platforms and can have serious consequences. • When properly used, social media can be a useful tool that provides opportunities to disseminate and receive relevant information for patients, clinicians, and scientists.

[Aortic aneurysm in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome].

Background: The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a combined immunodeficiency associated with a syndrome linked to the X chromosome, which is characterized by eczema, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia. Other manifestations include autoimmune disorders such as hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenic purpura mediated by the immune system, increased susceptibility to malignant tumors, including lymphoma or leukemia.

Clinical Case: A 7-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome who was treated with intravenous gamma globulin, antimicrobial prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and fluconazole, as well as with prednisone and cyclosporine due to hemolytic anemia and uveitis.

[Analysis of the frequency of polytraumatized patients in motorcycle accidents in the pediatric publication attended in the Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa between the years 2015 and 2017].

Objectives: Determine the frequency of polytraumatized pediatric patients involved in motorcycle accidents treated at the Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa between 2015 and 2017, as well as to determine the frequency of traumatic brain injuries, thoracic, abdominal, limb injuries, days of hospital stay and mortality.

Material And Methods: The selected population were patients under 18 years of age who were involved in motorcycle accidents treated at the Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa in a period between January 1st, 2015 and December 31, 2017.

Results: The most affected gender was the male with the most frequent age of 14 years, accidents occurred more frequently on Fridays and Saturdays at night.

Effects of nonnutritive sweeteners on body weight and BMI in diverse clinical contexts: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is an ongoing debate about the possible influences of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) on body weight. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with NNS to assess their impact on body weight. We systematically searched for RCTs at least 4 weeks in duration, evaluating the effect of NNS on body weight, both in subjects with healthy weight and in subjects with overweight/obesity at any age, and compared the effects of NNS vs caloric and noncaloric comparators.

Prevalence of inhibitors and clinical characteristics in patients with haemophilia in a middle-income Latin American country.

Introduction: Development of inhibitors is the most serious complication in patients with haemophilia (PWH). The prevalence of inhibitors in patients with severe haemophilia A (HA) is approximately 25%-30%. Inhibitor prevalence differs among populations.

Lactoferrin Disaggregates Pneumococcal Biofilms and Inhibits Acquisition of Resistance Through Its DNase Activity.

colonizes the upper airways of children and the elderly. Colonization progresses to persistent carriage when forms biofilms, a feature required for the development of pneumococcal disease. Nasopharyngeal biofilms are structured with a matrix that includes extracellular DNA (eDNA), which is sourced from the same pneumococci and other bacteria.

Intestinal amoebiasis: 160 years of its first detection and still remains as a health problem in developing countries.

Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), an extracellular enteric protozoan. This infection mainly affects people from developing countries with limited hygiene conditions, where it is endemic.

Compounds Piperidine, Eugenyl Acetate, and Chlorogenic Acid Are Broad-Spectrum Anti- Compounds that Are Also Effective on MDR Strains of the Pathogen.

The natural population of the aquatic environment supports a diverse aquatic biota and a robust seafood industry. However, this environment also provides an appropriate niche for the growth of pathogenic bacteria that cause problems for human health. For example, species of the genus inhabit marine and estuarine environments.

[Pericarditis and pericardial effusion as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Case report].

Background: Acute pericarditis is rare in children; it can evolve to effusion or even cardiac tamponade. The main infectious agents are viruses and bacteria. The pharmacological treatment includes NSAIDs; just a few patients need pericardiocentesis.

Validation of an instrument to measure the quality of life in children with oropharyngeal mucositis undergoing cancer treatment.

Background: Oropharyngeal mucositis (OM) is one of the primary complications arising during oncological treatment, which significantly reduces the patient's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the use of a new Spanish version of the Oropharyngeal Mucositis-Specific Quality-of-Life instrument (OMQoL) for pediatric patients.

Methods: A multicentric, cross-sectional validation study was conducted to translate and adapt OMQoL from English to Spanish for its use by children with OM aged 8-16 years.

[Unilateral congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia in a preterm infant].

Unlabelled: Unilateral congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is an extremely rare disease of the pulmo nary lymphatic vessels.

Objective: to present a case of CPL in a premature newborn.

Clinical Case: premature male newborn with severe respiratory failure at 2 hours of extrauterine life was treated with exogenous surfactant, catecholamines and high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV).

Comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions for acute diarrhea and gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Many interventions have shown effectiveness in reducing the duration of acute diarrhea and gastroenteritis (ADG) in children. Yet, there is lack of comparative efficacy of interventions that seem to be better than placebo among which, the clinicians must choose. Our aim was to determine the comparative effectiveness and safety of the pharmacological and nutritional interventions for reducing the duration of ADG in children.