Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are ten-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) became available in 2010. We evaluated their global impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in all ages.

Methods: Serotype-specific IPD cases and population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites using PCV10 or PCV13 in their national immunisation programmes and with a primary series uptake of at least 50%.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy boost as an alternative to brachytherapy for cervical cancer: A scoping review.

Purpose: This scoping review aims to evaluate the evidence for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost as a potential alternative for brachytherapy (BCT) in treating cervical cancer.

Material And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies investigating SBRT boost in cervical cancer patients who were either contraindicated for or refused BCT were included.

Proteomic Profiling of HDL in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Based on Tumor Molecular Classification and Clinical Stage of Disease.

The association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and breast cancer (BC) remains controversial due to the high complexity of the HDL particle and its functionality. The HDL proteome was determined in newly diagnosed BC classified according to the molecular type [luminal A or B (LA or LB), HER2, and triple-negative (TN)] and clinical stage of the disease. Women (n = 141) aged between 18 and 80 years with BC, treatment-naïve, and healthy women [n = 103; control group (CT)], matched by age and body mass index, were included.

Effects of statin therapy on diagnoses of new-onset diabetes and worsening glycaemia in large-scale randomised blinded statin trials: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Previous meta-analyses of summary data from randomised controlled trials have shown that statin therapy increases the risk of diabetes, but less is known about the size or timing of this effect, or who is at greatest risk. We aimed to address these gaps in knowledge through analysis of individual participant data from large, long-term, randomised, double-blind trials of statin therapy.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials of statin therapy that participated in the CTT Collaboration.

Decreased uncinate fasciculus integrity in functional seizures following traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The uncinate fasciculus (UF) has been implicated previously in contributing to the pathophysiology of functional (nonepileptic) seizures (FS). FS are frequently preceded by adverse life events (ALEs) and present with comorbid psychiatric symptoms, yet neurobiological correlates of these factors remain unclear. To address this gap, using advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), UF tracts in a large cohort of patients with FS and pre-existing traumatic brain injury (TBI + FS) were compared to those in patients with TBI without FS (TBI-only).

Personalized functional brain network topography is associated with individual differences in youth cognition.

Individual differences in cognition during childhood are associated with important social, physical, and mental health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Given that cortical surface arealization during development reflects the brain's functional prioritization, quantifying variation in the topography of functional brain networks across the developing cortex may provide insight regarding individual differences in cognition. We test this idea by defining personalized functional networks (PFNs) that account for interindividual heterogeneity in functional brain network topography in 9-10 year olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study.

Prognostic Factors and Survival Outcomes of Patients With Early HER2+ Breast Cancer Treated With Trastuzumab in a Brazilian Public Reference Center: A Real-World Study.

Purpose: Trastuzumab was introduced into the Brazilian public health care service for early breast cancer (BC) in 2012. This study describes the survival outcomes and prognostic factors related to early HER2+ BC treatment in a Brazilian reference cancer center.

Patients And Methods: This were a retrospective, single-center, observational study of early HER2+ BC patients treated with trastuzumab in the (neo)adjuvant setting between 2012 and 2018 at Hospital Pérola Byington.

Second-Line Pharmaceutical Treatments for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Importance: Assessing the relative effectiveness and safety of additional treatments when metformin monotherapy is insufficient remains a limiting factor in improving treatment choices in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To determine whether data from electronic health records across the University of California Health system could be used to assess the comparative effectiveness and safety associated with 4 treatments in diabetes when added to metformin monotherapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, new user, multidimensional propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study with leave-one-medical-center-out (LOMCO) sensitivity analysis used principles of emulating target trial.

Ten-Year Follow-up of 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Immunogenicity, Effectiveness, and Safety.

Background And Objectives: The 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine Phase III immunogenicity study in 9- to 15-year-old boys and girls was extended to assess immunogenicity and effectiveness through 10 years after the last vaccine dose (NCT00943722).

Methods: Boys (n = 301) and girls (n = 971) who received three 9vHPV vaccine doses in the base study (day 1, months 2 and 6) enrolled in the extension. Serum was collected through month 126 for antibody assessments by competitive Luminex immunoassay and immunoglobulin G-Luminex immunoassay.

Increased Expression of miR-223-3p and miR-375-3p and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in HDL of Newly Diagnosed Women in Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer.

The expression of inflammation-related miRs bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), the anti-inflammatory activity of HDLs isolated from individuals with breast cancer, and controls were determined. Forty newly diagnosed women with breast cancer naïve of treatment and 10 control participants were included. Cholesterol-loaded bone-marrow-derived macrophages were incubated with HDL from both groups and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

A Study of the Current Scenario of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective:  To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the residency of gynecology and obstetrics in São Paulo.

Methods:  Cross-sectional study developed by representatives of residents of the Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the State of São Paulo (SOGESP, in the Portuguese acronym). Data were collected from questionnaires applied to gynecology and obstetrics residents registered on the SOGESP website in February 2022.

Current Challenges and Perspectives in Breast Cancer in Elderly Women: The Senologic International Society (SIS) Survey.

Objective: Mammographic screening and management of breast cancer (BC) in elderly women are controversial and continue to be an important health problem. To investigate, through members of the Senologic International Society (SIS), the current global practices in BC in elderly women, highlighting topics of debate and suggesting perspectives.

Materials And Methods: The questionnaire was sent to the SIS network and included 55 questions on definitions of an elderly woman, BC epidemiology, screening, clinical and pathological characteristics, therapeutic management in elderly women, onco-geriatric assessment and perspectives.

Increased plasma lipids in triple-negative breast cancer and impairment in HDL functionality in advanced stages of tumors.

The association between plasma lipids and breast cancer (BC) has been extensively explored although results are still conflicting especially regarding the relationship with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels. HDL mediates cholesterol and oxysterol removal from cells limiting sterols necessary for tumor growth, inflammation, and metastasis and this may not be reflected by measuring HDLc. We addressed recently diagnosed, treatment-naïve BC women (n = 163), classified according to molecular types of tumors and clinical stages of the disease, in comparison to control women (CTR; n = 150) regarding plasma lipids and lipoproteins, HDL functionality and composition in lipids, oxysterols, and apo A-I.

The increased antioxidant action of HDL is independent of HDL cholesterol plasma levels in triple-negative breast cancer.

Introduction: The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) with the incidence and progression of breast cancer (BC) is controversial. HDL removes excess cholesterol from cells and acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. BC is a heterogeneous disease, and its molecular classification is important in the prediction of clinical and therapeutic evolution.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: an evidence-based review and recommendations for current practice.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) at upfront surgery is the gold-standard surgical method for axillary lymph node staging in early stage breast cancer: the technique provides adequate information regarding axillary status, with similar oncological safety and lower morbidity compared to axillary dissection, despite the false negative rates. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), traditionally used for locally advanced breast cancer, plays an important role in the treatment of early stage breast cancer, making downstaging possible in axillary lymph node and breast cancer, thus minimizing the impact of surgery and reducing morbidity, as well as enabling patients with residual disease to be selected for adjuvant treatment. In this respect, the role of SLNB has proved controversial, particularly in view of the lack of data from randomized clinical trials on this subject.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the breast cancer early diagnosis program in Brazil.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several screening exams were postponed, including mammograms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in mammographic screening in Brazil, considering 2015 to 2021. This was descriptive ecologic study based on the retrospective data of Brazil's mammographic screening program.

Cryopreservation as a strategy for prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a public assisted reproduction service in São Paulo - Brazil.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and associated risk factors in patients undergoing fertilization cycles at risk of OHSS (≥15 antral follicles or ≥15 oocytes aspirated) and submitted to cryopreservation of all embryos in the Human Reproduction Service of the Pérola Byington Hospital (Referral Center for Women's Health) in São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Methods: This cross-sectional, institutional, descriptive study of secondary data from patients' charts enrolled in the Assisted Reproduction Service of the Pérola Byington Hospital at risk of OHSS after controlled ovarian stimulation and submitted to cryopreservation of all embryos was conducted between January 2015 and September 2017.

Results: OHSS occurred in 47.

Randomized clinical trial of tissue equivalent bolus prescription in postmastectomy radiotherapy stratified by skin involvement status.

Purpose: To assess the impact and optimize the prescription of tissue-equivalent bolus in postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT), we compared the use of different bolus regimens tailored by skin involvement status.

Methods: Patients with breast cancer who required PMRT were recruited (NCT01925651) and classified into two groups: standard-risk (SR, without skin involvement) and high-risk (HR, with skin involvement). SR was randomized between no bolus or 5 mm-bolus on alternate days and HR between 5 mm-bolus on alternate days or daily.

Does Pink October really impact breast cancer screening?

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Pink October Campaign on the increase in mammographic screening in Brazil.

Study Design: Ecological observational study, based on retrospective data.

Methods: Brazilian national screening database (DATASUS/SISMAMA/Information System on Breast Cancer) was used as a data source and is publicly available for download and analysis.

Academic Health Centers and Humanitarian Crises: One Health System's Response to Unaccompanied Children at the Border.

University of California Health (UCH) provided a system-wide, rapid response to the humanitarian crisis of unaccompanied children crossing the southern U.S. border in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.

Blood pressure-lowering treatment for prevention of major cardiovascular diseases in people with and without type 2 diabetes: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis.

Background: Controversy exists as to whether the threshold for blood pressure-lowering treatment should differ between people with and without type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effects of blood pressure-lowering treatment on the risk of major cardiovascular events by type 2 diabetes status, as well as by baseline levels of systolic blood pressure.

Methods: We conducted a one-stage individual participant-level data meta-analysis of major randomised controlled trials using the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration dataset.