Osteoarticular tuberculosis: imaging findings in pediatric patients.

Osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB that has the potential to damage joints and bones, generating long-term impairment. Mainly, the initial diagnosis of osteoarticular TB relies on clinical findings and imaging. When required, imaging can aim for less invasive tissue or fluid sampling for pathology, microbiology, and molecular biology analysis.

Retrospective analysis of 1028 ultrasound-guided central vascular access in neonates and children.

Background: The use of real-time ultrasound has become the standard of care for percutaneous central venous access and shown to decrease overall number of attempts and complication rates.

Material And Method: A retrospective analysis of a prospective database was done focusing on three types of central access: non-tunneled, tunneled, and implantable, placed via ultrasound-guided Brachiocephalic Vein (BCV) between January 2019 and January 2023. Data were recorded: gender, age, weight, side (left or right), number of puncture attempts, arterial puncture, change of operator or puncture side, and mechanical complications (pneumothorax and hemothorax).

Clinical practices related to liberation from mechanical ventilation in Latin American pediatric intensive care units: survey of the Sociedad Latino-Americana de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos Mechanical Ventilation Liberation Group.

Objective: To address the current practice of liberating patients from invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units, with a focus on the use of standardized protocols, criteria, parameters, and indications for noninvasive respiratory support postextubation.

Methods: Electronic research was carried out from November 2021 to May 2022 in Ibero-American pediatric intensive care units. Physicians and respiratory therapists participated, with a single representative for each pediatric intensive care unit included.

The interplay between Helicobacter pylori infection and rs738409 PNPLA3 in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: Recent studies have suggested an association between H. pylori and metabolic-disfunction associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). However, epidemiologic studies have yielded inconsistent results.

Using autologous umbilical cord blood and placental cells for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: an exploratory safety and feasibility study.

Introduction. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) caused by lack of oxygen and perfusion to the brain can lead to acute neurological damage in newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the most effective and safest treatment.

Argentine and World Health Organization head circumference standards: A comparison study.

Introduction. Several studies have shown population differences in head circumference (HC) that question the universal validity of the World Health Organization (WHO) standard to assess head growth. Objectives.

A Clinical Neurological Approach to the Child With Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency.

Background: Severe combined immunodeficiency secondary to adenosine deaminase deficiency is rare. The deficiency of this enzyme results in the accumulation of substrates in the tissues, including the brain. Clinical signs of neurological involvement may include seizures, neurodevelopmental disorders, hypotonia, and sensorineural hearing loss.

[Off-label use of intravenous immunoglobulin g in a highly complex pediatric hospital in Argentina. A prospective observational study].

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends prioritizing safe and effective drugs proven by clinical or epidemiological studies. However, in population groups with little research, a drug can be used for an indication or pharmaceutical form different from that approved by the regulatory agency (off-label), extrapolating data from studies in adults and exposing pediatric patients. to develop an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) due to safety considerations that have not been systematically studied.

Argentine reference charts for head circumference from birth to 19 years of age.

Introduction. Head circumference (HC) is an indicator of brain growth; growth charts are necessary to determine normal or pathological variations. Objectives.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, causing bacteremic pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and other invasive pneumococcal diseases. Evidence supports nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage as a reservoir for transmission and precursor of pneumococcal disease.

Objectives: To estimate the pneumococcal nasopharyngeal burden in all age groups in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) before, during, and after the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine conjugate (PVC).

[Angioplasty with ductal stent: experience at Garrahan Hospital].

Objective: To describe and evaluate the outcomes of ductal angioplasty with stent placement at a single high-complexity center during the period 2016-2022.

Method: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients under 3 months of age who underwent ductal stent implantation as initial palliative treatment. Demographic, clinical, and anatomical data were collected before the intervention.

Description of the characteristics of patients with diseases associated with immunosuppression and Cryptosporidium spp. infection seen at a referral children's hospital in Argentina, 2018-2023.

Cryptosporidium spp. is a diarrhea-causing protozoan. Immunocompromised patients may develop severe and persistent clinical forms.

RAF1 gene fusions are recurrent driver events in infantile fibrosarcoma-like mesenchymal tumors.

Infantile fibrosarcomas (IFS) and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) are rare myofibroblastic tumors of infancy and early childhood commonly harboring the ETV6::NTRK3 gene fusion. IFS/CMN are considered as tumors with an 'intermediate prognosis' as they are locally aggressive, but rarely metastasize, and generally have a favorable outcome. A fraction of IFS/CMN-related neoplasms are negative for the ETV6::NTRK3 gene rearrangement and are characterized by other chimeric proteins promoting MAPK signaling upregulation.

Pediatric hemispheric cerebellar low-grade gliomas: clinical approach, diagnosis, and management challenges-experience at a tertiary care children's hospital.

Purpose: This study aims to provide an exhaustive analysis of pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) in the cerebellar hemispheres, focusing on incidence, clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis. It seeks to enhance understanding and management of pLGGs in the pediatric population.

Methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study at a pediatric hospital, reviewing medical records of 30 patients with cerebellar hemispheric pLGGs treated from December 2014 to January 2023.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Type 1 Diabetes Onset in Latin American Children.

Objective: To describe the patterns of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurrence in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) across several Latin American pediatric diabetes centers from 2018 to 2022.

Methods: A retrospective chart review included children under 18 with new-onset T1DM from 30 Latin American pediatric diabetes centers (Argentina, Chile, and Peru) between 30 December 2018 and 30 December 2022. Multiple logistic regression models examined the relationships between age, gender, medical insurance, BMI, and DKA at new-onset T1DM.

Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in children with chronic kidney disease. Experience in 19 patients.

Objectives: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is an important contributor to bone disease and cardiovascular calcifications in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). When conservative measures are ineffective, parathyroidectomy is indicated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subtotal parathyroidectomy (sPTX) in pediatric and adolescent patients, and to provide a rationale for considering this aggressive treatment in CKD patients with uncontrolled sHPT.

[Core data set for real world data in multiple sclerosis: customization for latin america from a global task force recommendation].

Introduction: The primary objective of the core data set is to reduce heterogeneity and promote harmonization among data sources in EM, thereby reducing the time needed to execute real life data collection efforts. Recently, a group led by the Multiple Sclerosis Data Alliance has developed a core data set for collecting real-world data on multiple sclerosis (MS) globally. Our objective was to adapt this global data set to the needs of Latin America, so that it can be implemented by the registries already developed and in the process of development in the region.

Comparison of two MALDI-TOF MS systems for the identification of clinically relevant anaerobic bacteria in Argentina.

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two MALDI-TOF MS systems in the identification of clinically relevant strict anaerobic bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was the gold standard method when discrepancies or inconsistencies were observed between platforms. A total of 333 isolates were recovered from clinical samples of different centers in Buenos Aires City between 2016 and 2021.