Antiviral prophylaxis of neonatal herpes infection.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is considered to be one of the most frequent viral infectious agents in humans. Transmission of HSV from mother to foetus during pregnancy is uncommon with about 85% of transmission occurring perinatally, when neonates acquire HSV during vaginal birth from infected genital tract secretions. For women, who present with an episode of recurrent genital herpes several weeks before the expected delivery date, suppressive therapy with acyclovir or valacyclovir is recommended during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy.

Abnormal scars, management options.

Scar management has always been important but never as much as today. People are now more aware of their scars, given the hype in the media about looking good. They are more likely than ever to seek treatment for scars from the cosmetic point of view.

[Endocrine complications in HIV/AIDS patients].

A number of endocrine abnormalities develop in patients with HIV infection, although many are likely responses to infection, stress, and malnutrition. Others are due to infiltration of endocrine glands by tumor or infection. This article reviews adrenal, testicular, resp.

Adhesive bowel strangulation after caesarean section, the rare puerperal complication.

Caesarean section is the most frequent abdominal operation carried out in obstetric practice. Parturients undergoing this operation are still exposed to a substantial rate of short- and long-term complications. The incidence of re-laparotomy after caesarean section is 0.

[Selected aspects of the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection].

This review describes a current view on immunopathogenesis of HIV infection including potential causes of immune failure in control of the infection. Above all, the role of different components of immune system is being discussed. Their interplay is disturbed during interaction with the virus and determines the course of the infection.

[HIV retinopathy].

HIV retinopathy is an ocular affection occurring especially in HIV positive patients with deep immunodeficiency. Because of benign character the HIV retinopathy does not require any specific therapy, but it must be carefully distinguished from other ocular diseases, which can seriously damage sight, e.g.

[Two types of CMV ocular complications in patients with HIV infection].

CMV retinitis is the most serious ocular complication of AIDS. Introduction of the combination antiretroviral therapy markedly reduced the occurrence of CMV retinitis, on the other hand it brought a new ocular complication - CMV uveitis. CMV uveitis is an immunopathological inflammatory reaction associated with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which is a side effect of successfully initiated cART.

Computed tomographic angiography in proximal femoral focal deficiency.

Background: Because there is limited information concerning the vascular pattern and the role of vessels in patients with proximal femoral focal deficiency, the vascular supply of the lower extremities was studied systematically with use of computed tomographic angiography in order to identify vascular changes, relate any vascular changes to the classification of the deficiency, and establish that there are no major changes in the topographical anatomy of the vessels.

Methods: Standardized computed tomographic techniques were used in twenty-one patients (thirteen boys and eight girls who ranged from one to nineteen years old) with proximal femoral focal deficiency types I through IV and VII, VIII, and IX, according to the Pappas classification.

Results: A common anatomical vascular pattern, in which the hypoplastic extremity was supplied through the femoral artery, was detected in nineteen patients.

Reconstruction of elbow flexion in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type I. Part I: surgical anatomy and vascular and nerve supply of the pectoralis major muscle as a basis for muscle transfer.

Purpose: The anatomy and neurovascular supply of the pectoralis major muscle was studied in order to establish the safe and functional muscle transfer for the reconstruction of elbow flexion in patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC).

Methods: Twenty pectoralis major muscles were dissected in 11 adult cadavers. The distribution of the motor end plates was studied in five pectoralis major muscles in foetuses by the detection of esterases.

Comparison of labor course and women's sexuality in planned and unplanned pregnancy.

Objective: This study compares several parameters of sexual life and course of labor in women with planned and unplanned pregnancy.

Methods: 339 primiparas participated in our study; they filled in a questionnaire concerning their sexual life during pregnancy on the second or third day after the delivery. One question also stressed planning of pregnancy.

A case-control study of lifestyle and lung cancer associations by histological types.

The objective of the study was to investigate the contribution of dietary factors and physical exercise to the variation in the risk of lung cancer and its major histological types among men and women in the Czech Republic, and reveal interactions between smoking and diet/physical exercise, if any. In a hospital based case-control study, data collected by in-person interviews from 1096 microscopically confirmed lung cancer cases (587 women, 509 men) and 2966 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression stratified by appropriate factors. Among all nonsmoking women protective effects were observed for black tea (OR=0.

Interferon-gamma and cortisol levels in cerebrospinal fluid and its relationship to the etiology of aseptic meningoencephalitis.

The aim of the study was to analyze the concentrations of Th1/Th2 cytokines and cortisol in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis (AM). The study enrolled 37 patients with AM and 11 control subjects. CSF concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha were analyzed using cytokine bead array and flow cytometry; CSF cortisol concentrations were measured by a RIA method.

Oncogynaecological quadruplicity--case report.

A case of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer was referred to our clinic by the Oncology Department where she had been treated with chemotherapy for the breast cancer. The clinical aspects of this unique case and follow-up are presented. This is the first such serious case of primary oncogynaecological quadruplicity to be described in the literature.

Interactions between smoking and other exposures associated with lung cancer risk in women: diet and physical activity.

Unlabelled: The objective of the study is to estimate the differences in the impact of diet and physical exercise on lung cancer risk in female nonsmokers vs. smokers, and reveal interactions, if any. In a hospital based case-control study, data collected by in-person interviews from 569 female lung cancer cases and 2120 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression stratifying by appropriate factors.

The role of triple pelvic osteotomy in therapy of residual hip dysplasia and sequel of AVN: long-term experience.

Triple pelvic osteotomy was performed for sequel of DDH including AVN between 1981 and 2002 for 329 patients (351 hips, 280 females, 49 males, average age at surgery 16.5 years, range 9-41 years, follow-up 4-25 years). A small modification of Steel's technique consisting of strictly subperiostal resection of segment from both pubic and ischial bone was used.

Urinary incontinence in a group of primiparous women in the Czech Republic.

Background/aim: Not only the process of childbirth itself, but also processes during pregnancy seem to be strongly associated with urinary incontinence (UI). According to some epidemiological studies, UI during pregnancy occurs in 23-70% of the pregnant women. These studies also documented some risk factors (e.

Could a man be affected with carcinoma of cervix?--The first case of cervical carcinoma in trans-sexual person (FtM)--case report.

The article presents an unique case of trans-sexual person (FtM) with histological finding of pre-invasive cervical carcinoma after performed hysterectomy.

[Review and categorization of quinolone antibiotics].

No standard categorization of quinolone antibiotics into generations may be found in either Czech or world literature. The author recommends a categorization into four groups defined according to their spectrum of action and utilization: 1) preparations for the treatment of urinary tract infections; 2) systemically acting quinolones chiefly efficacious against Gram-negative bacteria; 3) so-called respiratory quinolones; and 4) quinolones with a very broad spectrum of action suitable for the treatment of very complicated infections. The author describes the chief characteristics of the most important quinolone antibiotics, including preparations either in their development stage or whose development has been prematurely interrupted because of adverse side-effects.

Microphthalmia transcription factor: a specific marker for malignant melanoma.

The transcription factor microphthalmia (MITF) is required for the formation of normal melanocytes during embryonic development and for the expression of pigment cell-specific markers, which are the downstream transcriptional targets of MITF. It also seems to be crucial for the survival of malignant melanocytes. The special interest of this review is the possible utility of MITF as a marker of malignant melanoma.

Lung cancer in women.

Lung cancer is one of the most important avoidable causes of death around the world, it is the most widespread carcinoma with a very poor prognosis, and is the leading cause of cancer death in both developed and developing countries. At present more men than women die each year from lung cancer, but in recent years a rapid increase in lung cancer mortality has been observed among women in developed countries, contrasting with a levelling off or decrease among men. The rising trend in female lung cancer mortality has been observed to parallel with the past and current prevalence of cigarette smoking among women in the United States and elsewhere.

Dietary habits and lung cancer risk among non-smoking women.

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and the risk of lung cancer among women non-smokers and to compare with women smokers in the same population. Data collected by personal interviews from 435 microscopically confirmed cases and 1710 controls were analysed using unconditional logistic regression. In addition to results for all study subjects, associations between diet and lung cancer risk were compared between two highly contrasting groups: smokers (odds ratio (OR) 7.

Enfuvirtide.

Enfuvirtide is the first representative of a new group of antiretrovirals - fusion inhibitors, which was approved for clinical use. Due to its attachment to the HR1 domain of HIV glycoprotein gp 41 enfuvirtide blocks the fusion between the virus and the target cell. Enfuvirtide is chemically a synthetic peptide consisting of 36 amino acids which is not stable in GIT and must be administered only subcutaneously.

Lung cancer risk among nonsmoking women in relation to diet and physical activity.

To investigate the relationship between diet, physical activity, and the risk of lung cancer among female nonsmokers, and to compare it with female smokers in the same population, we conducted a case-control study. Data collected by personal interviews from 419 cases and 1593 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression. As expected, among 130 nonsmoking cases, adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type (49.

Adenocarcinoma of the lung among women: risk associated with smoking, prior lung disease, diet and menstrual and pregnancy history.

To investigate the role of tobacco and some other known or suspected factors responsible for the risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the lung, and to compare with other cell types (squamous-, small- and large-cell cancers) in Czech women, we conducted a case-control study. Data collected by personal interviews from 145 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung, 221 lung cancer cases of other cell types, and 1624 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression. Cigarette smoking was the main determinant of all major cell types of lung cancer among Czech women, its effect was weaker on adenocarcinoma than on squamous-, small- and large-cell cancers.

Gemcitabine/carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Gemcitabine/cisplatin is among the most widely used regimens in Europe for first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Problems with cisplatin use in this setting include significant nonhematologic toxicity and difficulty of use in outpatients. Carboplatin constitutes a reasonable alternative to cisplatin in this combination, since it shows synergy with gemcitabine in vitro, is easier to use in ambulatory patients, and has a better nonhematologic toxicity profile.