A proposal of an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrence or treatment failure of retinopathy of prematurity after anti-VEGF therapy based on a large case series.

Purpose: To provide a diagnostic algorithm of recurrence and treatment failure after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection for retinopathy of prematurity type 1 (ROP1) and the stepwise therapeutic approach for both conditions.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with ROP1 initially treated with IVB in 6 tertiary referral centers of Toluca and Mexico City from 2005 to 2017. Treatment failure was defined as persistence or progression of neovascularization, elevation of the ridge, worsening of plus disease, or retinal crunch within the first week after treatment.

Retinopathy of prematurity: incidence report of outliers based on international screening guidelines.

Aim: The objective of this study is to report the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) outliers that fall outside the screening guidelines of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in our country.

Methods: A retrospective review of 503 records of newborns evaluated in our institution between January 2011 and March 2017. We analyzed the data by subgroups based on gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and stage, focusing on the outliers that don't meet the criteria of the screening AAO guidelines (GA ≤ 30 weeks, BW ≤ 1500 g).

Pain assessment in premature infants treated with intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy for retinopathy of prematurity under topical anesthesia.

Purpose: To evaluate the physiological and behavioral pain response in premature infants receiving intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) under topical anesthesia.

Methods: A prospective interventional non-comparative case series. Premature infants with high-risk prethreshold or threshold ROP received IVB using topical anesthesia with tetracaine eye drops.