Population pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and the impact of food and formulation on systemic exposure in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Objective: Identifying factors influencing cannabidiol (CBD) exposure can optimize treatment efficacy and safety. We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of CBD in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and assess the influence of environmental, pharmacological, and clinical characteristics on CBD systemic exposure.

Methods: Data from two pharmacokinetic studies of patients aged 2-18 years with DEEs were included (N = 48 patients).

Experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in Latin America between 2016 and 2020.

Objective: To document the experience with ECMO therapy in healthcare institutions across Latin America between 2016 and 2020.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Private and public health institutions from 7 countries.

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: Risk of Malignancy in Pediatric Thyroid Nodules.

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are infrequent findings in children, though malignancy rates are higher in this population. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) standardizes the reporting of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens and has become a global reference for assessing the risk of malignancy (ROM) of thyroid nodules. The 2023 update includes pediatric-specific risk predictions and management recommendations.

Variations and Opportunities in Postnatal Management of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.

Importance: Preventive efforts in pregnancy-related alloimmunization have considerably decreased the prevalence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). International studies are therefore essential to obtain a deeper understanding of the postnatal management and outcomes of HDFN. Taken together with numerous treatment options, large practice variations among centers may exist.

Improving Real-Time Feedback During Cochlear Implantation: The Auditory Nerve Neurophonic/Cochlear Microphonic Ratio.

Objectives: Real-time monitoring of cochlear function to predict the loss of residual hearing after cochlear implantation is now possible. Current approaches monitor the cochlear microphonic (CM) during implantation from the electrode at the tip of the implant. A drop in CM response of >30% is associated with poorer hearing outcomes.

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular dysplasia inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and caused by loss-of-function pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the BMP signalling pathway. Up to 90% of disease-causal variants are observed in ENG and ACVRL1, with SMAD4 and GDF2 less frequently responsible for HHT. In adults, the most frequent HHT manifestations relate to iron deficiency and anaemia owing to recurrent epistaxis (nosebleeds) or bleeding from gastrointestinal telangiectases.

Risk factors for one-year mortality in 440 femoral peri-implant fractures: insights from the PIPPAS prospective, multicentre, observational study.

Aims: The Peri-Implant and PeriProsthetic Survival AnalysiS (PIPPAS) study aimed to investigate the risk factors for one-year mortality of femoral peri-implant fractures (FPIFs).

Methods: This prospective, multicentre, observational study involved 440 FPIF patients with a minimum one-year follow-up. Data on demographics, clinical features, fracture characteristics, management, and mortality rates were collected and analyzed using both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Biokinetic gait differences between Hallux valgus patients and asymptomatic subjects.

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is the most prevalent foot condition, associated with a decline in quality of life and a high rate of complications. Pedobarography can be a diagnostic tool, although controversies exist due to differences in measurement scales, type of capture, software, and hardware used. Deformity level differences have not been thoroughly explored.

Validation of Härtel Surface Anatomical Landmarks for Locating the Foramen Ovale: A Computed Tomography Scan Analysis and Revised Technique Description.

Background And Objectives: Härtel triangle provides surface landmarks for locating the foramen ovale (FO) when performing trigeminal nerve percutaneous procedures. Although widely adopted in clinical practice, there is no report that these landmarks have ever been formally validated through modern imaging techniques. Here we aim to validate Härtel anatomical landmarks using computed tomography scans and propose technical considerations for percutaneous trigeminal procedures.

Mental Health Services for Serious Mental Illness: Scoping Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Aims: This review aims to classify the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on mental health services (MHS) for people with serious mental illness (SMI) available in the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's (CSzG) specialised register.

Design: Scoping review.

Methods: We retrieved and screened RCTs of service-level interventions considering non-pharmacological approaches for mental healthcare of the CSzG register.

Intraoperative Patellar Tendon Injuries during Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies.

Patellar tendon rupture (PTR) is a rare and severe postoperative complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Even rarer is the intraoperative occurrence of PTR during TKA. PTR is a major complication as it can lead to chronic disability, functional limitations, and postoperative morbidity.

Unveiling Inequities: Racial Disparities in Risk-Reducing Mastectomy for Breast Cancer Prevention.

Background: Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) significantly lowers breast cancer risk as a preventive surgery. While racial disparities in breast cancer treatment are well-documented, research on racial differences in the utilization and outcomes of RRM is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2008-2022) to identify women who underwent RRM.

Pathway to care, treatment and disease burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a real-world survey of physicians and patients in Latin America.

Objectives: To investigate clinical characteristics, symptom profile, testing practices, treatment patterns and quality of life (QoL) among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in Latin America.

Design: Data from the Adelphi Real World PAH Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey with retrospective data collection.

Setting: University/teaching hospital, regional centres, private practices and government institutions in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico.

Development and validation of a multivariable predictive model for Emergency Department Overcrowding based on the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS) score.

Background Predicting potential overcrowding is a significant tool in efficient emergency department (ED) management. Our aim was to develop and validate overcrowding predictive models using accessible and high quality information. Methods Retrospective cohort study of consecutive days in the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires ED from june 2016 to may 2018.

IPNA clinical practice recommendations on care of pediatric patients with pre-existing kidney disease during seasonal outbreak of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has profoundly impacted healthcare infrastructures around the globe. While children are usually asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, children with pre-existing kidney conditions require specialized attention. This pivotal report, championed by the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), delivers precise and actionable recommendations tailored for pediatric patients with kidney ailments in this pandemic landscape.

Navigating postoperative complications: Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

Altwijri and Alsirhy reported a case of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation surgery in an advanced primary open-angle glaucoma patient, being the first ever recorded of its kind. The author describes the position of the tube as the origin of the anterior chamber inflammation and hyphema, which resolved shortly after shortening and relocating it. This publication emphasizes the importance of precise implant positioning and close-up patient follow-up after glaucoma filtration surgery as an important standard for healthcare providers.

The Intraosseous Subarcuate Loop of Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery: Anatomic Management Guide, Single-Center MRI Study, and Scoping Review.

Background And Objectives: The intraosseous subarcuate loop (SL) is a unique variant of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), where a loop of the artery is trapped in the petrous bone's subarcuate fossa (SF). Recognizing this variant is crucial for planning cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgeries; however, data regarding its frequency and management vary in the published literature. A cohort from a single center was studied using MRI to assess its prevalence, and the findings were compared with the existing literature.

Quality of life and social characteristics of young adults in chronic hemodialysis with pediatric-onset renal disease.

Introduction. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) and its social consequences have not been evaluated in adults who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) in childhood/adolescence and are currently on hemodialysis. Population and methods.

Does Position of Pedicle Screws Correlate With Adjacent Segment Degeneration? An Average 6-Year Follow-Up Retrospective Study.

Study Design: Retrospective case serie.

Objectives: Assess the correlation between pedicle screw (PS) position of the first instrumented vertebra (FIV) with proximal adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) development or progression.

Methods: Patients ≥55 years who have undergone lumbar fusion with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included.

Performance of Lung Ultrasound as a Screening Tool for Subclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: a Multicenter Study.

Background: The screening strategy for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients is currently debated. While high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the gold standard for diagnosing ILD, its systematic use as a screening tool is not yet recommended. The role of lung ultrasound (LUS) in assessing ILD has been previously explored.