[DiGeorge syndrome with 22q11.2 deletion in a patient of Rarámuri ethnicity].

Background: 22q11 deletion syndrome consists of a variable grouping of phenotypic features and immunological defects secondary to the loss of genetic material located in the 22q11.2 band. The 22q11 deletion spectrum encompasses different syndromes related to the same etiology and with overlapping anomalies, including DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, among others.

Impact of social determinants of health on the outcomes of Latin American children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C).

Importance: There is growing understanding that Social Determinants of Health (SDH) impact on the outcomes of different pediatric conditions. We aimed to determine whether SDH affect the severity of MIS-C.

Design: Retrospective cohort study, 2021-2023.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome in MIS-C.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) represents a diagnostic challenge because of its overlap with Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a frequently fatal complication of various pediatric inflammatory disorders and has been reported in MIS-C. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation by immune modulating therapies are essential for effectively managing MAS.

Disorders of gut-brain interaction are common diagnoses among infants and toddlers in gastroenterology practices in Latin America.

Objectives: To assess the relative frequency and associated factors of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) in outpatient gastrointestinal (GI) clinics in young children of Latin America.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in 10 pediatric GI outpatient clinics (private and public) in five countries of Latin America (El Salvador, México, Colombia, Panamá, and Nicaragua). Parents of patients 1 month 4 years of age from outpatient clinics complete/d a diagnostic questionnaire for DGBIs per Rome IV criteria (QPGS-IV, Spanish version).

Impact of treatment and clinical characteristics on the survival of children with medulloblastoma in Mexico.

Introduction: Data on medulloblastoma outcomes and experiences in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Latin America, is limited. This study examines challenges in Mexico's healthcare system, focusing on assessing outcomes for children with medulloblastoma in a tertiary care setting.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted, involving 284 patients treated at 21 pediatric oncology centers in Mexico.

Securing access to a comprehensive diagnostic panel for children with suspected acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from the Mexico in Alliance with St. Jude "Bridge Project".

Background: The "Bridge Project" is a Mexico in Alliance with St. Jude (MAS) initiative developed in 2019 to improve access, accuracy, and timeliness of specialized diagnostic studies for patients with suspected acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The project strategy relies on service centralization to improve service delivery, biological characterization, risk-group classification, and support proper treatment allocation.

Germline mutations in pediatric cancer cohort with mixed-ancestry Mexicans.

Background: Childhood cancer is one of the primary causes of disease-related death in 5- to 14-year-old children and currently no prevention strategies exist to reduce the incidence of this disease. Childhood cancer has a larger hereditary component compared with cancer in adults. Few genetic studies have been conducted on children with cancer.

Evaluation of factors leading to poor outcomes for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Mexico: a multi-institutional report of 2,116 patients.

Background And Aims: Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survival rates in low- and middle-income countries are lower due to deficiencies in multilevel factors, including access to timely diagnosis, risk-stratified therapy, and comprehensive supportive care. This retrospective study aimed to analyze outcomes for pediatric ALL at 16 centers in Mexico.

Methods: Patients <18 years of age with newly diagnosed B- and T-cell ALL treated between January 2011 and December 2019 were included.

Active Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes According to Sites of Care and Age Groups in Mexico: Results from the INVIFAR Network.

We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data of 6519 clinical isolates of ( = 3985), ( = 775), ( = 163), ( = 781), ( = 124), and ( = 691) from 43 centers in Mexico. AMR assays were performed using commercial microdilution systems (37/43) and the disk diffusion susceptibility method (6/43). The presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes was assessed using PCR.

Kawasaki Disease Associated with SARS-CoV2 in a Pair of Triplets.

The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) and its precise genetic basics remain unknown. Genetic variants affecting immunity have been found in some patients. The occurrence of KD in siblings is rare, but KD pedigrees with multiple affected members have been described in Japan and North America.

Effect of paediatric early warning systems (PEWS) implementation on clinical deterioration event mortality among children with cancer in resource-limited hospitals in Latin America: a prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Background: Paediatric early warning systems (PEWS) aid in the early identification of clinical deterioration events in children admitted to hospital. We aimed to investigate the effect of PEWS implementation on mortality due to clinical deterioration in children with cancer in 32 resource-limited hospitals across Latin America.

Methods: Proyecto Escala de Valoración de Alerta Temprana (Proyecto EVAT) is a quality improvement collaborative to implement PEWS in hospitals providing childhood cancer care.

The Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) are conditions, whose incidence is apparently on the rise. Despite the ever-increasing evidence regarding the management of AP in children and adults, therapeutic actions that could potentially affect having a poor prognosis in those patients, especially in the pediatric population, continue to be carried out. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convened a group of 24 expert pediatric gastroenterologists from different institutions and areas of Mexico, as well as 2 pediatric nutritionists and 2 specialists in pediatric surgery, to discuss different aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AP and RAP in the pediatric population.

Bacterial incidence and drug resistance from pathogens recovered from blood, cerebrospinal and pleural fluids in 2019-2020. Results of the Invifar network.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. Analysis of sterile fluids is essential because microorganisms are defined as significant in most cases. Blood, cerebrospinal, and pleural fluids are frequently received in the microbiology lab because they are associated with considerable rates of morbi-mortality.

Model for regional collaboration: Successful strategy to implement a pediatric early warning system in 36 pediatric oncology centers in Latin America.

Background: Pediatric early warning systems (PEWS) aid in the early identification of deterioration in hospitalized children with cancer; however, they are under-used in resource-limited settings. The authors use the knowledge-to-action framework to describe the implementation strategy for Proyecto Escala de Valoracion de Alerta Temprana (EVAT), a multicenter quality-improvement collaborative, to scale-up PEWS in pediatric oncology centers in Latin America.

Methods: Proyecto EVAT mentored participating centers through an adaptable implementation strategy to: (1) monitor clinical deterioration in children with cancer, (2) contextually adapt PEWS, (3) assess barriers to using PEWS, (4) pilot and implement PEWS, (5) monitor the use of PEWS, (6) evaluate outcomes, and (7) sustain PEWS.

Cyclosporin for treatment of refractory multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in a child.

Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children is an inflammatory condition with multiorgan dysfunction that manifest late in the course of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We present a 12-year-old boy with a history of fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. He developed shock with ventricular dysfunction and pericardial effusion.

Consensus on the management of complications of cirrhosis of the liver in pediatrics.

The Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. carried out the Consensus on the Management of Complications of Cirrhosis of the Liver in Pediatrics to provide physicians with useful information for treating said complications.

Esophagic atresia type and its association with heart malformations in a Northern Mexico hospital.

Objective: To know the cardiac malformations frequency associated with esophageal atresia and its type in patients of the Children's Specialties Hospital of Chihuahua as well as related sociodemographic characteristics.

Method: The epidemiology, clinic and evolution of patients with esophageal atresia diagnosis who were admitted to this hospital for a period of two years were studied. Variables such as sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, atresia type, associated congenital malformations, hospital complications and parental related aspects were analyzed.

Cost-benefit of serum pepsinogen screening for gastric adenocarcinoma in the Mexican population.

Introduction And Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to be capable of causing chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that slowly progresses through the premalignant stages, reaching localized gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Its outcome is closely related to the stage at which diagnosis is made.

Kawasaki disease shock syndrome in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a new entity in association with SARS-CoV2. Clinical features of Kawasaki disease were noted from the first reported cases of MIS-C. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome was considered to be a distinct and unique form of KD.

COVID-19 in the Context of Inborn Errors of Immunity: a Case Series of 31 Patients from Mexico.

Introduction: Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have a compromised or inappropriate immune response. Although they might be considered a high-risk group for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the reported impact of COVID-19 in these patients has been reassuring, while the differential susceptibility of distinct types of IEI remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to describe the findings and outcomes of our known patients with IEI who were diagnosed with COVID-19.