[Time of ethics review of research proposals: results of an observational study].

The review of research protocols by Research Ethics Committees (RECs), essential to ensure the protection of participants, has been managed in the City of Buenos Aires through the PRIISA.BA electronic platform since January 2020. The aim of the present study was to describe ethical review times, their temporal evolution, and predictors of their duration.

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding and infectivity in immunized population: Prospective study along different epidemiological periods in Argentina.

During the pandemic of COVID-19, numerous waves of infections affected the two hemispheres with different impacts on each country. Throughout these waves, and with the emergence of new variants, health systems and scientists have tried to provide real-time responses to the complex biology of SARS-CoV-2, dealing with different clinical presentations, biological characteristics, and clinical impact of these variants. In this context, knowing the extent period in which an infected individual releases infectious viral particles has important implications for public health.

The digital divide among caregivers of pediatric patients aged 0 to 12 years. Design and validation of a questionnaire.

Introduction. Health care strategies based on information and communication technologies (ICTs) may perpetuate health inequity, especially among vulnerable populations. In our setting, there are few validated tools to assess access to ICTs in pediatrics.

[Acute respiratory health effects of air pollution on consultations in children under 2 years old].

Introduction: Air pollution would increase the risk of severe infection repiratory in pediatrics. Research Sources: Environmental Protection Agency, National Meteorological. Service and Integral Health History of the Hospital Management System.

Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 in children and adolescents from Argentina.

Objectives: Although long COVID-19 is widely recognized in adults, less information is available about this condition in children, especially in developing countries. Here, we studied the long-term symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond 3 months and the associated risk factors in a pediatric population.

Methods: This observational study included 639 Argentinian children and adolescents with previously confirmed COVID-19 from June 2020-June 2021 and 577 children without previous COVID-19.

Impact of the implementation of a sedation and analgesia protocol in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Introduction. Adequate sedation and analgesia is essential in the management of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The implementation of protocols and their monitoring is recommended; mixed results on adherence and impact have been reported.

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease: A report of 14 cases one year after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.

Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) causes invasive disease. There are encapsulated strains, such as serotype b (Hib), and non-typeable strains (NTHi). One year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases increased.

Multicentre observational study on multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 in Argentina.

Background: The impact of the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in low- and middle-income countries remains poorly understood. Our aim was to understand the characteristics and outcomes of PIMS-TS in Argentina.

Methods: This observational, prospective, and retrospective multicenter study enrolled patients younger than 18 years-old manifesting PIMS-TS, Kawasaki disease (KD) or Kawasaki shock syndrome (KSS) between March 2020 and May 2021.

Management of status epilepticus in childhood: a survey conducted at pediatric hospitals in the City of Buenos Aires.

Introduction. Status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency. Although mortality in children is low, morbidity may exceed 20%.

Lower limb pain and edema due to thyroid dermopathy: an unusual presentation of Graves disease in an adolescent patient.

Graves disease is an immune-mediated process characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to thyrotropin receptors. Its stimulating action on the thyroid gland causes diffuse glandular growth and increased hormone production. Graves disease is characterized by a subacute onset of non-specific, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and eye symptoms, sometimes followed by skin manifestations, such as thyroid dermopathy or myxedema.

[Bardet Biedl syndrome: a case report].

Bardet Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive ciliopathie. It is a pleiotropic disorder characterised by retinal dystrophy, renal dysfunction, polydactyly, obesity, cognitive deficit and hypogenitalism. Diagnosis is based on clinical features.

Variability in Ethics Review for Multicenter Protocols in Buenos Aires, Argentina. An Observational Study.

It has been reported that significant variability in the ethics review process affects multisite studies. We analyzed 1,305 applications for multicenter studies (409 unique protocols), from 1 January 2020 to 20 September 2021. We examined the variability in the times to approval and the first observation and the variation in the level of risk assigned.

Hyperuricemia: an unrecognized risk factor for kidney-related sequelae in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Background: Chronic kidney-related sequelae after STEC-HUS occur in 20-40% of patients. Hyperuricemia (HU) may cause acute and chronic toxicity involving the kidneys. We retrospectively assessed if there was an association between the presence of HU during the acute illness and that of kidney-related sequelae in children with STEC-HUS.

Comparison of the performance of two tests for the assessment of child neurodevelopment in a children's hospital in the City of Buenos Aires.

Introduction. An early detection of developmental disorders allows to implement actions to improve their course and prognosis. In Argentina, the administration of the National Screening Test (Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa, PRUNAPE) requires a certified professional.

Comparison of antigen test and polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 in children younger than 12 years.

Stopping the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical and can be achieved through rapid and effective detection techniques. Our objective was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen tests (RAgT) and reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and to describe amplification cycle thresholds (Cts). Participants were children aged 1 month to 11 years with symptoms for less than 7 days, who did not have a detectable result in the past 90 days, and were immunocompetent.

Transient early-childhood hyperkalaemia without salt wasting, pathophysiological approach of three cases.

Two types of early childhood hyperkalemia had been recognized, according to the presence or absence of urinary salt wasting. This condition was attributed to a maturation disorder of aldosterone receptors and is characterized by sustained hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (MA) due to reduced ammonium urinary excretion and bicarbonate loss, and normal creatinine with growth delay. We present 3 patients of the type without salt wasting, which we will call transient early-childhood hyperkalemia (TECHH) without salt wasting, and discuss its physiopathology according to new insights into sodium and potassium handling by the aldosterone in distal nephron.

Trileaflet semilunar valve reconstruction: pulsatile in vitro evaluation.

Objectives: Residual regurgitation is common after congenital surgery for right ventricular outflow tract malformation. It is accepted as there is no competent valve solution in a growing child. We investigated a new surgical technique of trileaflet semilunar valve reconstruction possessing the potential of remaining sufficient and allowing for some growth with the child.

Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in children infected with pre-Omicron variants: An observational cohort study.

Background: Despite that pediatric COVID-19 is usually asymptomatic or mild, SARS-CoV-2 infection typically results in the development of an antibody response. Contradictory observations have been reported when the antibody response of children and adults were compared in terms of strength, specificity and perdurability.

Methods: This observational study includes three cohorts infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020-July 2021: unvaccinated infected children (n=115), unvaccinated infected adults (n=62), and vaccinated infected children (n=76).

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers from a children's hospital.

Introduction. In Argentina, health care workers have been the first ones to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, but there are still few data on the production of anti-S IgG antibodies. Objectives.

[Unilateral coana atresia. A pediatric case report].

Choanal atresia is characterized by obliteration of the posterior nasal opening. It is the most common congenital anomaly of the nasal passages. It has an incidence of 1 in 5000 to 7000 newborns; predominantly female.

Screening for common respiratory viruses in pediatric outpatients 2 years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: During 2020, circulation of other respiratory viruses was lower than usual. Most likely, as mitigation measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were modified, their prevalence in 2021 may have increased.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of common respiratory viruses among patients aged 0-5 years seen at the Emergency Department of a children's hospital in the City of Buenos Aires.

[Celiac crisis and acute tetany in pediatrics. Case report].

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The term celiac crisis describes the acute and potentially fatal form. Clinically it is characterized by severe diarrhea, dehydration, and metabolic disturbances.