Peripheral precocious puberty secondary to severe hypothyroidism.

Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome is a rare form of severe hypothyroidism. We present a 10.9-year-old girl who consulted for genital bleeding, Tanner stage 2, and clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a child with human immunodeficiency virus in the setting of opportunistic viral co-infections.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare condition characterized by a hyperinflammatory state secondary to dysregulated immune activity with multisystem involvement. HLH may be primary or hereditary, or triggered by various diseases. Mortality without a timely treatment reaches 50% of the cases.

National survey for pediatricians in Argentina: Vaccination in daily practice, perception of knowledge and barriers.

Introduction. The decline in vaccination coverage has been very significant in the past decade. Pediatricians play a key role in catching-up coverage and increasing confidence in vaccination.

Pott's puffy tumor: A rare complication of sinusitis. A case report.

A rare complication of frontal sinusitis includes Pott's puffy tumor. It manifests as a swelling of the forehead due to the presence of a subperiosteal abscess secondary to osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. A timely diagnosis allows for an early, intensive medical and surgical treatment, which is critical to prevent serious intracranial complications.

Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich syndrome: Two case report.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, also known as obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA), is a rare, congenital Müllerian duct anomaly characterized by the association of septate uterus, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The most common clinical presentation is an abdominal mass secondary to hematocolpos, pain, and dysmenorrhea. It is associated with infertility, endometriosis, and menstrual and obstetric alterations.

Biological significance and clinical utility of lactate in sepsis.

Sepsis is a global health problem; progression to septic shock is associated with a marked increase in morbidity and mortality. In this setting, increased plasma lactate levels demonstrated to be an indicator of severity and a predictor of mortality, and are usually interpreted almost exclusively as a marker of low tissue perfusion. However, a recent paradigm shift has occurred in the exegesis of lactate metabolism and its biological properties.

Airway management during a respiratory arrest in a clinical simulation scenario. Experience at a pediatric residency program.

Introduction. Respiratory failure is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatrics. Recognizing and managing it adequately is critical.

Septic shock: an atypical complication of alimentary tract duplication.

Alimentary tract duplications are heterogenous congenital anomalies of the digestive tract. Their form of presentation is varied, and they may lead to different complications, depending on their natural course. Infection is a rare complication, but it cannot be ignored because of its severity.

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma at a children's hospital in Argentina. A case series.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors producing catecholamines. Pheochromocytomas occur in the adrenal medulla, while paragangliomas are those that occur outside the adrenal gland. Here we describe a case series of children with a pathological diagnosis of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma who consulted at a tertiary care children's hospital in Argentina.

Abdominal tuberculosis in pediatrics: A case report.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which most commonly compromises the respiratory system, whereas abdominal involvement is rare, thus its diagnosis is a challenge. The clinical manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis as well as its physical examination findings are usually non-specific and, frequently, similar to those of other diseases, so it is critical to consider abdominal tuberculosis among the differential diagnoses. Here we report the clinical case of a 15-year-old male patient hospitalized for a prolonged febrile syndrome associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea, night sweats, and weight loss.

Brown-Séquard syndrome as a presentation of idiopathictransverse myelitis.

Brown-Séquard syndrome refers to a set of signs and symptoms caused by hemisection of the spinal cord from various sources. It may have multiple causes; traumatic injuries are the most frequent ones. The less common causes include inflammation, ischemia, tumors, or infections.

Ibuprofen use for the treatment of pediatric patients with polyuria and dysnatremia. A case series report.

Children with sellar and/or suprasellar lesions may develop central diabetes insipidus with subsequent inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. An increased incidence of polyuria, natriuresis, and hyponatremia has been reported in some cases, which make up the diagnostic triad of cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Here we report the clinical course of 7 patients with a history of acute central nervous system injury and central diabetes insipidus followed by cerebral salt wasting syndrome.

Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in pediatrics.

Objective. To provide a framework for healthcare professionals managing pediatric patients who are on active glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and to develop recommendations for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Methods.

The digital divide among caregivers of pediatric patients aged 0 to 12 years. Design and validation of a questionnaire.

Introduction. Health care strategies based on information and communication technologies (ICTs) may perpetuate health inequity, especially among vulnerable populations. In our setting, there are few validated tools to assess access to ICTs in pediatrics.

Management of status epilepticus in childhood: a survey conducted at pediatric hospitals in the City of Buenos Aires.

Introduction. Status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency. Although mortality in children is low, morbidity may exceed 20%.

Comparison between two newborn screening strategies for cystic fibrosis in Argentina: IRT/IRT versus IRT/PAP.

Background: The benefits of early cystic fibrosis (CF) detection using newborn screening (NBS) has led to widespread use in NBS programs. Since 2002, a two-stage immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT/IRT) screening strategy has been used as a CFNBS method in all public maternity units in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. However, novel screening strategies may be more efficient.

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection. An experience in hospitals of the City of Buenos Aires.

Introduction: During the winter, infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) overburden health resources. In the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, 35 000 children are seen at the hospitals every year; 8-10 % of them are admitted to the general hospitalization ward and 5-12 % of these, to the intensive care unit (ICU). In 2017, the Department of Maternal and Child Health of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires included high flow nasal cannula (HNFC) oxygen therapy in the ALRTI protocol in the general ward of 3 hospitals.