Neurological syndromes associated with COVID-19: a multicenter study in Brazil.

Background: Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 remain partially described, mainly in low- and middle-income countries where diagnostic tools are limited. To address this, we assembled medical centers in Brazil with the goal of describing neurological syndromes associated with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods: From June 1st, 2020 to June 1st, 2021, non-consecutive adult patients with new onset of six neurological syndromes up to 60 days after confirmed COVID-19 were included.

An international Delphi consensus on patient preparation for metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Global obesity rates have risen dramatically, now exceeding deaths from starvation. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), initially for severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m), is performed globally over 500 000 times annually, offering significant metabolic benefits beyond weight loss. However, varying eligibility criteria globally impact patient care and healthcare resources.

Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a relatively rare genetic disorder, inherited in an autosomal codominant manner, that results in reduced serum AAT concentrations, with a consequent reduction in antielastase activity in the lungs, as well as an increased risk of diseases such as pulmonary emphysema, liver cirrhosis, and necrotizing panniculitis. It results from different mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, leading to changes in the AAT glycoprotein, which can alter its concentration, conformation, and function. Unfortunately, underdiagnosis is quite common; it is possible that only 10% of cases are diagnosed.

Safety of Crovalimab Versus Eculizumab in Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (PNH): Pooled Results From the Phase 3 COMMODORE Studies.

Objectives: To evaluate the tolerability of crovalimab versus eculizumab in C5 inhibitor (C5i)-naive and -experienced patients with PNH from COMMODORE 2, 3 and 1 (NCT04434092, NCT04654468 and NCT04432584).

Methods: Pooled safety data were assessed in the total crovalimab and eculizumab populations and by C5i-naive versus C5i-switched status in patients receiving crovalimab. Analyses include 6.

Brazilian Guideline for Exercise Testing in Children and Adolescents - 2024.

Classes Of Recommendation: Conditions for which there is conclusive evidence and, failing that, general agreement that a given procedure is safe and useful/effective. Conditions for which there is conflicting evidence and/or a divergence of opinion about the safety and usefulness/efficacy of a procedure. Weight or evidence/opinion in favor of the procedure.

Global disparities in cancer supportive care: An international survey.

Background: The global cancer burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), highlighting a critical research gap in understanding disparities in supportive care access. To address this, the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Health Disparities Committee initiated a global survey to investigate and delineate these disparities. This study aims to explore and compare supportive care access disparities between LMIC and High-Income Countries (HIC).

Changes in Skin Test Aeroallergen Sensitization in Mexico Over the Past 14 Years and According to Climate.

Introduction: Aeroallergen exposure has an intra- and extra-domiciliary component and varies according to climatological zones. Mexico is a large country with a great variety of climates. A previous study (2009) evaluated skin prick test results (SPT) in different regions.

Prevention of complications related to peripherally inserted central catheter insertion techniques in newborns: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of peripherally inserted central catheter insertion techniques in preventing the occurrence of complications related to this device in newborns.

Method: a paired and network systematic literature review and meta-analysis, with its search carried out in seven databases and in the Grey Literature, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools.

Incidence of Cardiovascular Complications in Pediatric Patients Treated with Anthracyclines at a Brazilian Cancer Center.

Background: The introduction of anthracyclines in the treatment of children and adolescents with cancer has promoted a significant increase in survival, but also in morbidity and mortality rates due to cardiovascular (CV) complications.

Objectives: To determine the cardiovascular profile of pediatric patients treated with anthracyclines at a cancer center in Brazil and the incidence of CV complications.

Methods: The following data were collected from the medical records of patients of both sexes, aged younger than 19 years - frequency and form of clinical presentation of general CV complications (G1) and CV complications related to ventricular dysfunction (G2) - and correlated with risk factors, age range and vital status, cardiovascular and cardioprotective medications.

The S20 Brazilian Mental Health Report for Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet: Part II.

This is the second part of the Brazilian S20 mental health report. The mental health working group is dedicated to leveraging scientific insights to foster innovation and propose actionable recommendations for implementation in Brazil and participating countries. In addressing the heightened mental health challenges in a post-pandemic world, strategies should encompass several key elements.

Improving access to cancer clinical research in Brazil: recent advances and new opportunities. Expert opinions from the 4th CURA meeting, São Paulo, 2023.

Clinical research is the cornerstone of improvements in cancer care. However, it has been conducted predominantly in high-income countries with few clinical trials available in Brazil and other low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). Of note, less than one-third of registered clinical trials addressing some of the most commonly diagnosed cancers (breast, lung and cervical) recruited patients from LMIC in the last years.

A novel fatty acid mimetic with pan-PPAR partial agonist activity inhibits diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Objective: The prevalence of metabolic diseases is increasing globally at an alarming rate; thus, it is essential that effective, accessible, low-cost therapeutics are developed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that tightly regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism and are important drug targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. We previously identified LDT409, a fatty acid-like compound derived from cashew nut shell liquid, as a novel pan-active PPARα/γ/δ compound.

Brain compensatory mechanisms in depression and memory complaints in fibromyalgia: the role of theta oscillatory activity.

Background: The different clinical presentations of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) might play independent roles in the unclear etiology of cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms seen in patients with FMS. Understanding how these clinical presentations are associated with the clinical and neurophysiological aspects of FMS is important for the development of effective treatments.

Aim: To explore the relationship of memory complaints and depressive symptoms with the different clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of FMS.

Quality indicators for hospital burn care: a scoping review.

Background: Burn treatments are complex, and for this reason, a specialised multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Evaluating the quality of care provided to acute burn patients through quality indicators makes it possible to develop and implement measures aiming at better results. There is a lack of information on which indicators to evaluate care in burn patients.

Comparison of arterial hypotension incidence during general anesthesia induction - target-controlled infusion vs. bolus injection of propofol: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The incidence of arterial hypotension during induction of general anesthesia is influenced by the method of propofol administration, but there is a dearth of randomized clinical trials comparing bolus injection and target-controlled infusion in relation to arterial hypotension. This study seeks to compare the incidence of arterial hypotension between these two methods of propofol administration.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-center, non-blinded study included 60 patients (aged 35 to 55 years), classified as ASA physical status I or II, who were undergoing non-cardiac surgeries.

Evaluation of early ocular discomfort after glaucoma surgery: trabeculectomy versus Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the initial ocular discomfort symptoms resulting from trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation surgeries.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted. The evaluation of ocular discomfort employed a questionnaire designed to identify the frequency and severity of distinct symptoms: ocular pain, general discomfort, tearing, foreign body sensation, and burning.

Gender Differences in the Predictive Value of Obesity Indices for Insulin Resistance in Adult Mexican Individuals.

Background: Obesity-linked insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases, and anthropometric indices are commonly used for risk assessment.

Aim: The study aimed to assess possible differences between women and men in the predictive value and association of nine obesity indices with IR, as assessed by HOMA-IR, in a nondiabetic adult population.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included individuals recruited from a hospital in Mexico City.

Oral health in individuals with cystic fibrosis: A cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the production of thick and viscous mucus progressively affecting various organs and systems, with recurrent respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to learn about the oral health characteristics in CF patients.

Methodology: Data, such as sociodemographic, general and oral health, were collected from the medical records of CF patients aged 0 to 18 years old.