Giant congenital melanocytic nevi.

Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are melanocytic lesions secondary to the abnormal migration of melanoblasts during the embryogenesis, affecting approximately one in 20,000 live births. They are usually present since birth and are distinguished by changing their morphological characteristics within time, and increasing their size parallel to the growth of the child, reaching a diameter ≥ 20 cm in adulthood. The importance of the GCMN lies in the complications associated to them; mainly the development of melanoma or neurocutaneous melanosis, in addition to the psychological or social impact that generates in most of the cases.

Molecular genotyping of Blastocystis spp. in wild mammals from Mexico.

Blastocystis spp. are common intestinal parasites found worldwide in humans and a wide range of animals. They exhibit extensive genetic diversity; currently, 17 subtypes (STs) and some groups called non-mammalian and avian STs (NMASTs) have been proposed.

A Four-step Technique for Effluent Diversion of Enteroatmospheric Fistulas.

Background: Isolation of the enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) opening and prevention of contamination of the rest of the wound by effluent are important factors in the management of EAF.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe an easily reproducible technique for effluent control in patients with EAF.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients who underwent the present technique between 2013 and 2015.

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium.

Mucormycosis is a difficult to diagnose rare disease with high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is often delayed, and disease tends to progress rapidly. Urgent surgical and medical intervention is lifesaving.

Interventions for pityriasis rosea.

Background: Pityriasis rosea is a scaly, itchy rash that mainly affects young adults and lasts for 2 to 12 weeks. The effects of many available treatments are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2007.

Trypanosoma cruzi infection associated with atypical clinical manifestation during the acute phase of the Chagas disease.

Background: Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted by triatomine insects. Clinical manifestations vary according to the phase of the disease. Cutaneous manifestations are usually observed in the acute phase (chagoma and Romaña's sign) or after reactivation of the chronic phase by immunosuppression; however, a disseminated infection in the acute phase without immunosuppression has not been reported for CD.

[Self-reported hearing loss and visual impairment in adults from Central Mexico].

Objective: To determinate the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) and visual impairment (VI) among adult population from Tlaxcala, Mexico.

Materials And Methods: A populationbased cross-sectional study comprising persons 50 years and older was conducted in 2013. Self-reported HL was measured using the Hearing Impairment Inventory for the Elderly (SHIIE) questionnaire; VI was determined using the Snellen tumbling E chart.

rs3764435 Associated With Parkinson's Disease in Mexican Mestizos: Case-Control Study Reveals Protective Effects Against Disease Development and Cognitive Impairment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common movement disorder. Genetic risk factors provide information about the pathophysiology of PD that could potentially be used as biomarkers. The gene encodes for the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, which is involved in the disposal of toxic metabolites of dopamine.

Morbidity in Patients With Separation of Cartilaginous Framework: Temporoparietal Fascia Flap and Treatment With Dermal Regeneration Template.

Background: The full creation of an ear requires 2 reconstruction stages. In the second stage of reconstruction, the cartilaginous framework placed at first stage is separated from the head creating an auriculocephalic sulcus. Then a piece of rib cartilage is placed in the sulcus to maintain this separation and is covered with tissue that allows the integration of a full-thickness skin graft.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase type 2 (IDH2) is part of a multiprotein complex for placental steroidogenesis.

Background: Human syncytiotrophoblast mitochondria require the activity of the isocitrate dehydrogenase type 2 (IDH2) to obtain reduced coenzymes for progesterone (P4) synthesis. Data from the literature indicate that mitochondrial steroidogenic contact sites transform efficiently cholesterol into P4. In this research, we identified the IDH2 as a member of the steroidogenic contact site and analyzed the steroidogenic role of its activity.

Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in Mexico: morphological and molecular identification using the cytochrome oxidase I gene.

Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis , the human botfly, is frequent in the Americas, however, scarce morphological and molecular information exist regarding this dipteran. We describe three cases in urban areas of Mexico were D. hominis is not endemic.

Neuronal precursor cells with dopaminergic commitment in the rostral migratory stream of the mouse.

Neuroblasts born in the subventricular zone of adult mammals migrate via the rostral migratory stream into the granular cell layer or periglomerular layer of the olfactory bulb to differentiate into interneurons. To analyze if new neurons in the granular cell layer or periglomerular layer have different origins, we inserted a physical barrier into the rostral migratory stream, depleted cell proliferation with cytarabine infusions, labeled newborn cells with bromodeoxyuridine, and sacrificed mice after short-term (0, 2, or 14 days) or long-term (55 or 105 days) intervals. After short-term survival, the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream rapidly repopulated with bromodeoxyuridine cells after cytarabine-induced depletion.

Consenso multidisciplinario de diagnóstico y tratamiento del dolor neuropático periférico y localizado en México.

Neuropathic pain is an entity that causes patient disability and its diagnosis and treatment is a challenge for physicians. In a significant percentage of patients with neuropathic pain, it is restricted to one dermatome or to a particular region of the body; in this case, it is referred to as localized neuropathic pain. There are no Mexican clinical guidelines proposing recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of localized neuropathic pain in our population.

Experience in the management of acute wounds by dog bite in a hospital of third level of plastic and reconstructive surgery in Mexico.

Background: Dog bite injuries represent an important public health problem, involving all levels of care. They can vary in severity, from superficial wounds (skin and subcutaneous tissue) to devitalization and tissue loss, with the presence of systemic infections, aestethic and functional sequels that require specialized treatment.

Objective: To describe and share the 7-year experience in the management of dog bite wounds in a plastic and reconstructive surgery referral center in Mexico.

Usefulness of a multiplex PCR for the rapid identification of Candida glabrata species complex in Mexican clinical isolates.

Candida glabrata complex includes three species identified through molecular biology methods: C. glabrata sensu stricto , C. nivariensis and C.

Infantile hemangioma: an update in the topical and systemic treatments.

Infantile hemagiomas (IH) are the most common soft tissue tumors in infancy. They are characterized by significant growth during the first months of life, followed by slow spontaneous involution over the ensuring years. The process of involution takes several years, but usually the regression of most of the tumors ends at 4 years of age.

Ambulatory versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Ambulatory laparoscopic appendectomy has gained popularity due to the improved understanding of patient selection criteria, the application of enhanced recovery pathways, and the potential for improving healthcare resource utilization. The aim of the review was to compare the morbidity and readmission rates between ambulatory and conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (LA).

Methods: A systematic search was undertaken using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science.

Sexual Behavior and Synaptic Plasticity.

Although sex drive is present in many animal species, sexual behavior is not static and, like many other behaviors, can be modified by experience. This modification relies on synaptic plasticity, a sophisticated mechanism through which neurons change how they process a given stimulus, and the neurophysiological basis of learning. This review addresses the main plastic effects of steroid sex hormones in the central nervous system (CNS) and the effects of sexual experience on the CNS, including effects on neurogenesis, intracellular signaling, gene expression, and changes in dendritic spines, as well as behavioral changes.

Tympanic-mastoid and parotid schwannomas of the facial nerve: clinical presentation related to the anatomic site of origin.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation of the facial nerve schwannomas according to the anatomical site of origin.

Method: A retrospective study in which the clinical presentation, diagnostic protocol and treatment of facial nerve tumors in adults was evaluated.

Results: We found 6 cases, 4 cases of tympanic-mastoid location at the spectrum of its possible clinical presentation: from symptomatic cases with facial paralysis, to an asymptomatic case in the tympanic portion found as intraoperative finding; and also found two cases located at the parotid gland, one with complete facial paralysis and one without facial palsy.

Difficult Airway Identification and Management in Patients With Moebius Syndrome.

Background: Airway management in patients with Moebius syndrome can be difficult due to the presence of orofacial malformations. This paper aims to present our institution's experience in the evaluation and management of the upper airway in patients with Moebius syndrome METHODOLOGY:: The authors performed a retrospective study including every patient with Moebius syndrome submitted to surgery between 2012 and 2017. Difficult airway was defined as one requiring more than 2 attempts to achieve endotracheal tube placement, a Mallampati score equal or above III, a Cormack score equal or above III, or need of a fiberscope during intubation.

Analysis of nad2 and nad5 enables reliable identification of genotypes G6 and G7 within the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato.

The larval stages of tapeworms in the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cause a zoonotic disease known as cystic echinococcosis (CE). Within this species complex, genotypes G6 and G7 are among the most common genotypes associated with human CE cases worldwide. However, our understanding of ecology, biology and epidemiology of G6 and G7 is still limited.

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Over the Right Orbitofrontal Cortex Impairs Conscious Olfactory Perception.

The right orbitofrontal cortex (rOFC) has been proposed as the region where conscious olfactory perception arises; however, evidence supporting this hypothesis has all been collected from neuroimaging and lesion studies in which only correlation and not a temporal pattern can be established. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) causes a reversible disruption of cortical activity and has been used successfully to disrupt orbitofrontal activity. To overcome intrinsic limitations of current experimental research, a crossover, double-blind, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out in which cTBS was applied over the rOFC to evaluate its effect on odorant stimuli detection.

One-day point prevalence of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in four countries in Latin America.

Background And Aims: Experience in the region shows that in some countries there is very good surveillance of Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in health services, but there is no national data consistently in all countries. Therefore, we set to estimate the total burden of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals in Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, and Colombia using the one-day point prevalence methodology.

Methods: The survey was conducted between June and July 2016.