Hepatic infection in a dog with cavitary lung disease.

A 9-year-old neutered male cairn terrier dog was initially presented because of inappetence, increased respiratory effort, and occasional coughing. A cavitary lung mass was diagnosed using CT and removed with lung lobectomy. Histopathology of the mass revealed necrosuppurative inflammation with acid-fast rod bacteria in macrophages, with spp.

Quantitative DNA metabarcoding reveals species composition of a macrocyclic lactone and pyrantel resistant cyathostomin population in the UK.

Cyathostomins are the most abundant equid endoparasites globally. There are approximately fifty cyathostomin species and, whilst they occupy distinct niches within the large intestine, they are generally considered to share similar characteristics in terms of pathogenicity and response to drug treatment. There are three classes of anthelmintic licensed in the UK to treat cyathostomins (benzimidazoles, tetrahydropyrimidines and macrocyclic lactones) and cases of resistance have been documented for all classes.

Built environment change for injury prevention: insights from public health professionals across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Road-related injuries and deaths are among the most significant and avoidable public health problems in Canada. Modifications to the built environment (BE) can reduce injury rates for vulnerable road users (VRUs) and other priority populations who experience disproportionate risk. This paper highlights public health professionals' experiences working in injury prevention across Ontario public health units (PHUs) navigating barriers and facilitators to BE change.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies CXADR as a fate determinant of the placental exchange surface.

The placenta is the critical interface between mother and fetus, and consequently, placental dysfunction underlies many pregnancy complications. Placental formation requires an adequate expansion of trophoblast stem and progenitor cells followed by finely tuned lineage specification events. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse trophoblast stem cells during the earliest phases of differentiation, we identify gatekeepers of the stem cell state, notably Nicol1, and uncover unsuspected trajectories of cell lineage diversification as well as regulators of lineage entry points.

Exome Sequencing in the Diagnostic Pathway for Suspected Rare Genetic Diseases: Does the Order of Testing Affect its Cost-Effectiveness?

Background: Patients with suspected rare diseases often experience lengthy and uncertain diagnostic pathways. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of exome sequencing (ES) in different positions in the diagnostic pathway for patients suspected of having a rare genetic disease.

Methods: Data collected retrospectively from 305 patients suspected of having a rare genetic disease (RGD), who received clinical-grade ES and participated in the Canadian multicentre Care4Rare-SOLVE study, informed a discrete event simulation of the diagnostic pathway.

Dataset for gastrointestinal tract segmentation on serial MRIs for abdominal tumor radiotherapy.

Purpose: Integrated MRI and linear accelerator systems (MR-Linacs) provide superior soft tissue contrast, and the capability of adapting radiotherapy plans to changes in daily anatomy. In this dataset, serial MRIs of the abdomen of patients undergoing radiotherapy were collected and the luminal gastro-intestinal tract was segmented to support an online segmentation algorithm competition. This dataset may be further utilized by radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and data scientists to further improve auto segmentation algorithms.

Tracking of spaceflight-induced bone remodeling reveals a limited time frame for recovery of resorption sites in humans.

Mechanical unloading causes bone loss, but it remains unclear whether disuse-induced changes to bone microstructure are permanent or can be recovered upon reloading. We examined bone loss and recovery in 17 astronauts using time-lapsed high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and biochemical markers to determine whether disuse-induced changes are permanent. During 6 months in microgravity, resorption was threefold higher than formation.

Establishing patient partners' roles on research teams: a scoping review.

Background: There are a myriad of ways patient partners can enact their roles on research teams. International guidelines emphasize the need for a collaborative approach to determining these roles to try to improve research impact and positive patient partner experience. The aims of this review were to: (1) describe how patient partners' roles as co-researchers in health research are determined; and (2) identify factors that influence how these decisions are made.

Endocannabinoid involvement in beneficial effects of caloric restriction in a rodent model of comorbid depression and epilepsy.

Clinically, patients with depression are at a heightened risk for developing epilepsy, and vice versa, suggesting shared mechanisms for this bidirectional comorbidity. Unfortunately, comorbid depression and epilepsy is associated with worsened quality of life and treatment refractoriness, highlighting the need for novel treatment targets and nonpharmacologic supplements to existing therapies. The present study used the Swim-Low Active rat, a well-validated model of depression and epilepsy comorbidity that was selectively bred based on forced swim test behavior, to assess the safety and efficacy of caloric restriction in treating this comorbidity.

Predicting Admission and Future Performance of Veterinary School Applicants: Evaluation of Scores of Self-Reported Animal Experience and Rural Versus Urban Background.

Admission to veterinary school is generally based on academic and nonacademic measures. Descriptions of animal or veterinary experience and rural versus urban background are often sought from applicants, but little is objectively known about their impact on admission success or future performance. We evaluated scores from written descriptions from 590 veterinary school applicants for the nature and extent of self-reported animal experience.

A Review of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Rural, Remote, and Resource-Constrained Settings Internationally: Insights for Implementation, Research, and Policy for First Nations in Canada.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is regarded as a support tool for detecting and assessing the prevalence of infectious diseases at a population level. For rural, remote, and resource-constrained communities with little access to other public health monitoring tools, WBE can be a low-cost approach to filling gaps in population health knowledge to inform public health risk assessment and decision-making. This rapid review explores and discusses unique considerations of WBE in key settings, with a focus on the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has rapidly expanded WBE infrastructure globally.

Workplace discrimination and harassment among Alberta postgraduate medical trainees: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Addressing a lack of diversity in the physician workforce is a priority in the Canadian healthcare system. Data describing demographics of residents and their experiences of discrimination, harassment, and racism at work are incomplete. The objective of this work was to describe the demographics and perceptions of workplace discrimination and harassment for postgraduate medical trainees in Alberta.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Competency, Credentialing and Policies.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) enhances diagnostic accurate, reduces time to diagnosis, and improves patient satisfaction. Competenties encompass indications, image acquisition, interpretation, and medical decision-making. Education involves didactic methods and hands-on practice with emphasis on longitudinal training and feedback.

Intestinal Ultrasound in Common Gastrointestinal Disorders: An Evidence-Based Approach.

Patients with abdominal symptoms are among the most common to present both urgently and non-urgently for medical evaluation. While intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is useful to aid management of these patients, it is not routinely taught, performed, or included as part of the core set of point-of-care ultrasound competencies. The authors present an approach to performing a systematic, but focused, IUS at the bedside and diagnostic accuracies for small bowel obstruction inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis, and diverticulitis.

Methods for determining optimal positive end-expiratory pressure in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation: a scoping review.

Purpose: There is significant variability in the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. There are numerous studies assessing methods of determining optimal PEEP, but many methods, patient populations, and study settings lack high-quality evidence. Guidelines make no recommendations about the use of a specific method because of equipoise and lack of high-quality evidence.

Identifying winner-takes-all emergence in random nanowire networks: an inverse problem.

Random nanowire networks (NWNs) are interconnects that enable the integration of nanoscopic building blocks (the nanowires) in a disorganized fashion, enabling the study of complex emergent phenomena in nanomaterials and built-in fault-tolerant processing functionalities; the latter can lead to advances in large-scale electronic devices that can be fabricated with no particular array/grid high-precision pattern. However, when various nanowires are assembled to form an intricate network, their individual features are somehow lost in the complex NWN frame, in line with the complexity hallmark "the whole differs from the sum of the parts". Individual nanowire materials and geometrical features can only be inferred indirectly by attempting to extract information about their initial conditions from a response function measurement.

Detecting new erosions in rheumatoid arthritis over one year - Radiography and high-resolution computed tomography of finger joints.

Objective: To compare the number of new erosions in two metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints over one year assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and conventional radiography (CR). Furthermore, to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of erosive progression by CR with HR-pQCT as the reference standard.

Methods: Paired sets of image data were available from patients with RA (n=310), who underwent HR-pQCT and CR, including the 2nd and 3rd MCP joints only of the dominant hand at baseline and at the one-year follow-up.

Enhancing disease risk gene discovery by integrating transcription factor-linked trans-variants into transcriptome-wide association analyses.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have been successful in identifying disease susceptibility genes by integrating cis-variants predicted gene expression with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. However, trans-variants for predicting gene expression remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce transTF-TWAS, which incorporates transcription factor (TF)-linked trans-variants to enhance model building for TF downstream target genes.

The experiences of living with multiple myeloma and a palliative approach to care: A grounded theory study.

Purpose: Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematologic cancer. A palliative approach to care can be used in conjunction with curative therapy to alleviate suffering, but is underutilized in the hemato- oncology population. The purpose of this study was to explore living with multiple myeloma and individuals' experiences with, and perceptions of a palliative approach in their care.

Myélome multiple et approche palliative des soins : étude théorique ancrée dans la pratique.

Objectif: Le myélome multiple est un cancer hématologique incurable. Pour alléger la souffrance, il est possible d'employer une approche palliative en conjonction avec un traitement curatif, mais cette approche est sous-utilisée chez les patients en hémato-oncologie. L'objectif de la présente étude est d'examiner l'expérience des personnes atteintes d'un myélome multiple qui reçoivent un traitement palliatif dans le cadre de leurs soins, et de comprendre comment ils perçoivent cette approche.