Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Lacunar Infarcts and Concurrent Embolic Ischemic Lesions.

Purpose: Lacunar infarcts are thought to result from occlusion of small penetrating arteries due to microatheroma and lipohyalinosis, pathognomonic for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Concurrent embolic ischemic lesions indicate a different stroke mechanism. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with lacunar infarcts and concurrent embolic infarcts on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Reduced Plasma Orexin-A Concentrations are Associated with Cognitive Deficits in Anorexia Nervosa.

Orexins/hypocretins are neuropeptides implicated in numerous processes, including food intake and cognition. The role of these peptides in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN) remains poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the associations between plasma orexin-A (OXA) concentrations and neuropsychological functioning in adult women with AN, and a matched control group.

Associations between neuropsychological performance and appetite-regulating hormones in anorexia nervosa and healthy controls: Ghrelin's putative role as a mediator of decision-making.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder accompanied by alterations in endocrinological circuits and deficits in neuropsychological performance. In this study, a series of appetite-regulating hormones (ghrelin, leptin, cholecystokinin, PYY, adiponectin, and visfatin) were measured under fasting conditions in female patients with AN and female healthy controls. All of the participants also underwent a battery of neuropsychological assessment [namely the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT)].

Circulating Soluble CD36 is Similar in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus versus Non-Diabetic Subjects.

The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of sCD36 (soluble CD36) are associated with the presence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Plasma levels of sCD36 were analysed in 1023 subjects (225 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, 276 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, and 522 non-diabetic control subjects) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multinomial and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations with sCD36 and its association with diabetes types.

Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV).

Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation.

Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting: A network of university hospitals.

Functional Outcome of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Lacunar Infarcts in the WAKE-UP Trial.

Importance: The rationale for intravenous thrombolysis in patients with lacunar infarcts is debated, since it is hypothesized that the microvascular occlusion underlying lacunar infarcts might not be susceptible to pharmacological reperfusion treatment.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis among patients with lacunar infarcts.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This exploratory secondary post hoc analysis of the WAKE-UP trial included patients who were screened and enrolled between September 2012 and June 2017 (with final follow-up in September 2017).

Next-generation Sequencing for ALK and ROS1 Rearrangement Detection in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Implications of FISH-positive Patterns.

Background: Detection of ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangements in non-small-cell lung cancer is required for directing patient care. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry have been established as gold standard methods, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms are called to be at least equally successful. Comparison of these methods for translation into daily use is currently under investigation.

Clot Burden Score and Early Ischemia Predict Intracranial Hemorrhage following Endovascular Therapy.

Background And Purpose: Intracranial hemorrhage is a known complication following endovascular thrombectomy. The radiologic characteristics of a CT scan may assist with hemorrhage risk stratification. We assessed the radiologic predictors of intracranial hemorrhage following endovascular therapy using data from the INTERRSeCT (Identifying New Approaches to Optimize Thrombus Characterization for Predicting Early Recanalization and Reperfusion With IV Alteplase and Other Treatments Using Serial CT Angiography) study.

Body Composition and Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids at Age 6 Years: A Longitudinal Pilot Study.

Objective: to present the results of the Spanish home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group for the year 2016 and 2017. Material and methods: from January 1st 2016 to December 31st 2017, the HEN registry was recorded and afterwards a further descriptive and analytical analysis was done. Results: in 2016, 4,578 active patients were recorded and prevalence was 98.

[Spanish home enteral nutrition registry of the year 2016 and 2017 from the NADYA-SENPE Group].

Objective: to present the results of the Spanish home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group for the year 2016 and 2017. Material and methods: from January 1st 2016 to December 31st 2017, the HEN registry was recorded and afterwards a further descriptive and analytical analysis was done. Results: in 2016, 4,578 active patients were recorded and prevalence was 98.

Towards a circulating marker of hepato-visceral fat excess: S100A4 in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome - Evidence from randomized clinical trials.

S100A4 is a marker of subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often driven by hepato-visceral adiposity. PCOS phenotypes are normalized more by reduction of central fat with spironolactone/pioglitazone/metformin (SPIOMET) than by oral contraceptive (OC) treatment.

Characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in patients of Roma/Gypsy ethnicity. A case-control study.

Background: Peculiarities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been explored in ethnic groups, such as Asians, Hispanics, and Afro-Americans, but not in other ethnic minorities, such as Roma/Gypsies.

Methods: In a retrospective, hospital-based study, all adult Roma/Gypsy patients included in the IBD databases of seven Spanish centres were identified as cases. For each Roma/Gypsy patient, a Caucasian patient, matched for several demographic features, was searched as a control.

FDG PET/MRI Coregistration Helps Predict Response to Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Patients With Brain Metastases.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether relative standardized uptake value (SUV) measurements at FDG PET/MRI coregistration are predictive of local tumor control in patients with brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the images and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with brain metastases from non-CNS neoplasms treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) who underwent posttherapy FDG PET because of MRI findings concerning for progression. The PET and contrast-enhanced MR images were fused.

Metabolically Healthy Obesity and High Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children and Adolescents: International Childhood Vascular Structure Evaluation Consortium.

Objective: It has been argued that metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) does not increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study examines the association of MHO with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a proxy of CVD risk, in children and adolescents.

Research Design And Methods: Data were available for 3,497 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from five population-based cross-sectional studies in Brazil, China, Greece, Italy, and Spain.

Heterozygous mutation causes familial ataxia with cognitive affective syndrome (SCA48).

Objective: To describe a new spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA48) characterized by early cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS) and late-onset SCA.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of a family that has been followed for more than a decade with periodic neurologic and neuropsychological examinations, MRI, brain SPECT perfusion, and genetic analysis. Whole exome sequencing was performed in 3 affected and 1 unaffected family member and subsequently validated by linkage analysis of chromosome 16p13.

Alterations in the Abundance and Co-occurrence of and in the Colonic Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subjects.

and , cohabitants in the intestinal mucosa, are considered members of a healthy microbiota and reduction of both species occurs in several intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Little is known however about a possible link between the reduction in quantity of these species, and in which circumstances this may occur. This study aims to determine the abundances and co-occurrence of the two species in order to elucidate conditions that may compromise their presence in the gut.

Exome sequencing study in patients with multiple sclerosis reveals variants associated with disease course.

Background: It remains unclear whether disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by genetic polymorphisms. Here, we aimed to identify genetic variants associated with benign and aggressive disease courses in MS patients.

Methods: MS patients were classified into benign and aggressive phenotypes according to clinical criteria.

Brown adipose tissue in prepubertal children: associations with sex, birthweight, and metabolic profile.

Background/objectives: Individuals born small-for-gestational age (SGA), especially those who experience postnatal catch-up growth, are at increased risk for developing endocrine-metabolic abnormalities before puberty. In adults, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been associated with protection against metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Here, we assessed for the first time whether BAT activation differs between prepubertal children born SGA or appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA).

Glycoprotein biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic cancer (PaC) shows a clear tendency to increase in the next years and therefore represents an important health and social challenge. Currently, there is an important need to find biomarkers for PaC early detection because the existing ones are not useful for that purpose. Recent studies have indicated that there is a large window of time for PaC early detection, which opens the possibility to find early biomarkers that could greatly improve the dismal prognosis of this tumor.

Better Diffusion Segmentation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Through Automatic Tree Learning Anomaly Segmentation.

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide, responsible for 6.24 million deaths in 2015 (about 11% of all deaths). Three out of four stroke survivors suffer long term disability, as many cannot return to their prior employment or live independently.

Different clinical response to interferon beta and glatiramer acetate related to the presence of oligoclonal IgM bands in CSF in multiple sclerosis patients.

Objective: To study the efficacy of interferon beta (IFNβ) and glatiramer acetate (GA) related to the presence of oligoclonal M bands (OCMB) in the cerebrospinal fluid in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Method: This is an observational, multicenter and retrospective study with prospectively collected data of patients that started treatment with IFNβ or GA. Treatment decision was made blinded to the OCMB status.

Survival and Disease-Free Survival by Breast Density and Phenotype in Interval Breast Cancers.

We aimed to evaluate survival and disease-free survival in different subtypes of interval cancers by breast density, taking into account clinical and biological characteristics. We included 374 invasive breast tumors (195 screen-detected cancers; 179 interval cancers, classified into true interval, false-negatives, occult tumors and minimal-sign cancers) diagnosed in women ages 50-69 years undergoing biennial screening from 2000-2009, followed up to 2014. Breast density was categorized into non-dense (<25% dense tissue) and mixed dense breasts (≥25%).

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy and in their offspring at age 5-6 years.

Background/objective: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels [25(OH)D] may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In pregnant women excessive weight gain and 25(OH)D deficiency are common complications and both could have deleterious consequences on their children. We aimed to study the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and CVD risk factors in pregnant women and in their offspring at school age.