Effectiveness of a basic training presentation on infant oral health care for pediatric medicine residents.

Objective: We hypothesize that viewing educational presentation with video will provide pediatric medicine residents with instructive information on infant oral health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate an infant oral health education program targeting University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) pediatric medicine residents.

Methods: Assessment of 32 pediatric medicine residents in the form of a questionnaire was completed immediately before and after a 60 minute educational intervention.

Office-based anesthesia.

The practice of office-based oral and maxillofacial surgery is continuously expanding and involves the management of a diverse population in regards to the surgical procedures performed within the office and the age and medical health of the patients treated within the office. Comfort, cooperation, and hemodynamic stability are critical to satisfactorily accomplishing the surgical procedure. Various anesthetic techniques are used, including local anesthesia, anxiolysis, analgesia and sedation, and general anesthesia.

Management of impacted teeth in children.

Ankylosis remains one of the major complications associated with impacted teeth in children. Orthodontically-assisted eruption of an ankylosed tooth may intrude or displace the adjacent teeth. Children who undergo orthodontically assisted eruption should be followed closely to ensure that movement of an impacted tooth is occurring.

The effect of platelet-altering medications on bleeding from minor oral surgery procedures.

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the extent of bleeding from minor oral surgical procedures in patients taking platelet-altering medications. They were compared with patients who were not taking platelet-altering medicines to assess differences in extent of blood loss.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study design was used to quantitatively assess the amount and severity of bleeding encountered with dentoalveolar surgery in 2 groups.

Prosthodontic management of abnormal tooth development secondary to chemoradiotherapy: a clinical report.

Late effects of chemoradiotherapy for childhood cancer treatment include developmental disturbances of the maxillofacial and dentoalveolar structures. Prosthodontic rehabilitation of these patients presents a significant challenge in restoring function, esthetics, and comfort. This clinical report describes the prosthodontic management of a young patient who received chemoradiotherapy for neuroblastoma and subsequently developed tooth abnormalities.

Effect of supramicron roughness characteristics produced by 1- and 2-step acid etching on the osseointegration capability of titanium.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the osteoblastic and osteogenic responses to titanium surfaces roughened by 1-step and 2-step acid etching.

Materials And Methods: Titanium surfaces created by 1-step (AE1) and 2-step (AE2) acid-etching processes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and an optical interferometry (OI). Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblastic cells were cultured on these 2 surfaces.

Downregulation of extracellular matrix-related gene clusters during osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells.

Bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (BMSCs and ASCs, respectively) exhibit a similar capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro, but it is unclear whether they share a common differentiation process, because they originate from different tissues. The aim of this study was to explore BMSC and ASC osteogenic differentiation by focusing on the expression of extracellular matrix-related genes (ECMGs), which play a crucial role in osteogenesis and bone tissue regeneration in vivo. We characterized the gene expression profiles of BMSCs and ASCs using a custom complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray containing 55 ECMGs.

Subcutaneous peripheral injection of cationized gelatin/DNA polyplexes as a platform for non-viral gene transfer to sensory neurons.

Selective modulation of sensory neuron gene expression could have numerous applications for the peripheral nervous system. Here, we report that subcutaneous peripheral injection of plasmid DNA complexed with a non-viral cationized gelatin (CG) vector led to transgene expression in rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). CG/DNA polyplexes appeared to undergo rapid retrograde transport through sciatic and spinal nerves, with reporter gene messenger RNA (mRNA) expression detectable in L4 and L5 DRGs within 60 hours.

Retention and load transfer characteristics of implant-retained auricular prostheses.

Purpose: The use of osseointegrated implants for maxillofacial prostheses reduces the need for adhesives, provides for a more stable and more esthetic prosthesis with thinner margins, and results in increased patient acceptance and confidence. The purpose of this study was to compare the retention and load transfer characteristics of differently designed implant-retained auricular prostheses.

Materials And Methods: A photoelastic model was fabricated of the auricular-temporal region of a human skull.

The effect of superficial chemistry of titanium on osteoblastic function.

The surface topography and chemistry of titanium are postulated to be two major factors that affect the osseointegration capacity of titanium implants. However, it is extremely difficult to control one factor without changing the other, which prevents the isolation of the genuine effect of one factor. This study aimed to determine whether surface chemistry of titanium alone affects osteoblastic function.

Stimulated salivary flow rate and buffer effect in schoolchildren from Greenland and Sweden: a comparative study.

Objective: To compare food habits and stimulated salivary flow rate and buffer effect between schoolchildren from Greenland and Sweden and to evaluate whether the change in lifestyle concerning eating habits in Sweden during recent decades has resulted in any obvious alteration in these salivary properties.

Material And Methods: Fifty healthy schoolchildren from Greenland were included and compared with 50 age-matched and gender-matched Swedish children. Whole saliva stimulated by chewing was collected, and prior to sampling each participant filled in a simple questionnaire regarding their food habits.

Efficacy of group cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of masticatory myofascial pain.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the reduction in perceived pain in patients with myofascial pain (MFP) using a group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) course. Twenty-six participants diagnosed as having MFP were enrolled. Each CBT session had a small-group format, where participants received instruction in habit reversal, stress management, and progressive relaxation.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of individual cervical vertebrae from cone-beam computed-tomography images.

Introduction: The visualization of cervical vertebral morphology has potential in skeletal age assessment; however, thus far, it has only been described in planar images. The objective of this article is to present a novel segmentation algorithm for automatic 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of individual cervical vertebrae from cone-beam computed-tomography (CBCT) volumetric data sets.

Methods: CBCT data sets of 3 subjects representing different skeletal age groups with no potential health influences on cervical anatomy were identified from a larger subject sample.

Pain and the rate of dentinal fluid flow produced by hydrostatic pressure stimulation of exposed dentine in man.

Objective: To determine the relationship between pain intensity and the rate of fluid flow through dentine in human subjects.

Design: The experiments were carried out on 16 premolars in 13 human subjects (aged 15-25 years). Dentine was exposed at the tip of the buccal cusp, etched with acid and covered with saline.

A role for proteoglycans in mineralized tissue-titanium adhesion.

Biomechanical properties of the bone-titanium interface have rarely been studied, due to the technical limitations involved; whether biological bonding mechanisms exist has not been determined. We hypothesized that a selected set of proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan complexes plays a role in establishing the adhesion between bone and titanium, and utilized the rat bone-marrow-derived osteoblastic culture model to gain an insight into the hypothesis. Gene expression of selected proteoglycan core proteins was up-regulated in the osteoblasts cultured on titanium compared with those on polystyrene.

Cone beam computed tomographic findings in refractory chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible.

Aims: To report the imaging features of osteomyelitis of the mandible in various two-dimensional multiplanar and three-dimensional reformations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: The images were 12-bit DICOM files acquired with a 10cm field of view and voxel resolution of 0.4mm.

Three-dimensional bone-implant integration profiling using micro-computed tomography.

Purpose: The capability of micro-computed tomography (microCT) for quantitative analysis of peri-implant bone has not been previously addressed. This study aimed to establish and validate a method to use this technique for 3-dimensional bone-implant integration profiling.

Materials And Methods: Unthreaded cylindric implants with a dual acid-etched surface were placed into the right femurs of 7 Sprague-Dawley rats.

Masticatory and swallowing threshold performances with conventional and implant-supported prostheses after mandibular fibula free-flap reconstruction.

Statement Of Problem: Significant strides in microvascular surgical techniques allow predictable restoration of bony and soft tissue orofacial defects. In combination with prosthetic rehabilitation, varying degrees of improvement in esthetics, speech intelligibility, and swallowing have been noted; however, the relative impact of conventional and implant-supported prostheses on restoration of masticatory function are not known.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether conventional or implant-supported dental prostheses and current surgical reconstructive procedures restore patients' masticatory function to presurgical levels.

Dental management of chemoradiation patients.

The utilization of combined chemoradiation therapy has recently increased in the treatment of head and neck cancers. This patient population is significantly more prone to various oral complications during and after medical therapy. Oral complications and long-term effects include mucositis, xerostomia, alterations in taste, vascular compromise, mucosal thinning and increased risk of rampant caries and periodontal disease.

Prosthodontic treatment of patients with hypodontia.

Hypodontia is a relatively rare occurrence that can have a significant impact on treatment planning for those patients with the condition. This paper will describe the forms of hypodontia, as well as associated dental issues. Treatment planning considerations for children, adolescents, and adults will be presented.

Use of osseointegrated implants in the restoration of head and neck defects.

Osseointegrated implants can be applied to facilitate retention, stability, and support for facial and intraoral prostheses used to restore head and neck defects. At the University of California, Los Angeles, Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic, retrospective studies have indicated that in nonirradiated maxillectomy patients, implant survival rates are 82.6 percent.

Time and motion study: a comparison of two photostimulable phosphor imaging systems used in dentistry.

Objectives: To compare two photostimulable phosphor (PSP) dental radiographic systems in terms of time efficiency in making full mouth intraoral X-ray surveys (FMS).

Methods: PSP systems compared were (1) DenOptix) (Kavo/Gendex, Des Plaines, IL) and (2) ScanX) (Air Techniques, Hicksville, NY). Twenty one FMS of a DXTRR) Manikin (Dentsply, Des Plaines, IL) were made with each of the systems.